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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The diabetic diet (1983)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 25 (1983), S. 296-296 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00279947
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Does impaired glucose tolerance predict hypertension? (1996)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 39 (1996), S. 70-76 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Glucose tolerance ; hypertension ; insulin ; incidence study
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary This study evaluates prospectively the relationship between impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and blood pressure. From a population of 1376 men and women aged 40–59 years, all those with IGT (n=54) plus 133 age- weight- and sex-matched nor-moglycaemic control subjects were selected after excluding treated hypertensive patients. Blood pressure, fasting and postload blood glucose and plasma insulin were measured. At 11.5 years after the first visit 76% of the IGT patients and 80% of the control subjects were re-examined. At baseline blood pressure was significantly higher in IGT patients than in control subjects (systolic 135.5±2.3 vs 127.9±1.4mm Hg, p〈0.001; and diastolic 88.0±1.5 vs 84.7±0.7 mmHg, p〈0.05) independent of age, gender, weight, antihypertensive medication and insulin-aemia. Accordingly, hypertension was more frequent in subjects with IGT (odds ratio 2.1, 95% confidence, interval (CI) 0.9–4.9). Postload insulin was significantly associated with hypertension — both at univariate and multivariate analysis — in normoglycaemic subjects, but not in those with IGT. At follow-up systolic blood pressure increased in both groups; the increase was smaller in patients with IGT (6.0±2.4 vs 12.3±1.6 mmHg p〈0.05). Likewise, the 11.5 years' cumulative incidence of hypertension was not significantly different in subjects with baseline IGT or normoglycaemia; if anything it was lower in the IGT group (odds ratio 0.36, 95% CI 0.1–1.2). In multivariate analysis incidence of hypertension was associated positively with baseline blood pressure (p〈0.0003) and negatively with IGT status p〈0.03), while no significant association was found with insulin. In conclusion, the findings of this study question IGT as a risk factor for hypertension. Furthermore, these data do not indicate a major role for hyperglycaemia and hyperinsulinaemia per se in the aetiology of hypertension and suggest that IGT and hypertension share one or more pathogenetic factor(s) (i.e., insulin resistance, hyperactivity of the sympathetic nervous system, etc.), which induce deterioration of blood pressure control first, and hyperglycaemia later.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00400415
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of dietary cholesterol on plasma lipoproteins and their subclasses in IDDM patients (1998)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 41 (1998), S. 193-200 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords Dietary cholesterol ; plasma lipoproteins ; lipoprotein subclasses ; lipoprotein composition ; IDDM patients.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary To compare the effects of dietary cholesterol supplementation in insulin-dependent diabetic (IDDM) patients and normal subjects, 10 male IDDM patients in good glycaemic control (HbA1 c 7.3 ± 0.9 %) (mean ± SD) and normal plasma lipid levels, and 11 control male subjects of similar age, body mass index and lipid plasma levels underwent a double blind, cross-over, sequential study. Cholesterol supplementation of 800 mg/day or placebo were given for consecutive periods of 3 weeks. The concentration of plasma total cholesterol increased significantly with the dietary cholesterol supplementation compared to placebo in IDDM patients by 6 % (p 〈 0.05) and in control subjects by 9 % (p 〈 0.05). No changes were observed in the concentration of plasma triglycerides in either group. The LDL cholesterol level increased by 12 % (p 〈 0.01) in patients and by 7 % (p 〈 0.05) in control subjects. In patients plasma HDL cholesterol concentration remained the same, while in control subjects it tended to increase after cholesterol supplementation (from 1.14 ± 0.26 to 1.23 ± 0.27 mmol/l, p = 0.06). During the cholesterol intake period the mean concentration of LDL1, LDL2 and LDL3 subclasses in patients showed a significant increase by 21.0 (p 〈 0.05), 20.4 (p 〈 0.001) and 11.1 % (p 〈 0.05), respectively, resulting in an 18.0 % increase in mean total LDL mass (p 〈 0.001) without major changes in LDL composition. In the control subjects the changes in the concentrations of LDL subclasses during cholesterol intake were less and not significant. In the IDDM patients the cholesterol intake did not affect the concentration or composition of HDL subclasses or total HDL mass. In contrast, in control subjects cholesterol intake increased the mean concentration of HDL2 a by 12.2.% (p 〈 0.05) and this increase was significantly different if compared to changes obtained in the patients. In conclusion, compared to normal subjects, in IDDM patients, dietary cholesterol intake increased the LDL particle mass significantly and had no positive effect on HDL. [Diabetologia (1998) 41: 193–200]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001250050889
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Abnormal distribution of VLDL subfractions in Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients: could plasma lipase activities play a role? (1993)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 36 (1993), S. 155-160 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Lipoproteins ; VLDL subfractions ; diabetes mellitus ; lipid composition ; lipolytic enzymes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) have an abnormal lipid composition in Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients. Since VLDL represent a heterogeneous lipoprotein class, this might be due either to a shift in the distribution or to an abnormal composition of VLDL subclasses or both. In order to investigate these possibilities and to evaluate possible pathogenetic mechanisms, lipid composition (non-esterified and esterified cholesterol, triglycerides, phospholipids) of four VLDL subfractions of decreasing size (A: Svedberg flotation unit [Sf]〉400, B: Sf, 175–400, C: Sf 100–175, D: Sf 20–100), isolated by density gradient preparative ultracentrifugation, and plasma post-heparin lipolytic activity (lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipase) were evaluated in 13 male normolipidaemic insulin-dependent diabetic patients in good glycaemic control (HbA1c 6.9±0.5%) (mean±SEM) and 9 male control subjects matched for age, body mass index and plasma lipid values. Compared to control subjects, diabetic patients showed a reduced total lipid concentration of VLDL of intermediate size (B and C) reaching statistical significance only for VLDL C (0.16±0.02 vs 0.24±0.03 mmol/l; p 〈0.05). Expressing each VLDL subfraction as percent of the total VLDL lipid concentration, a significant decrease in particles of intermediate size (C) (20.5±1.6 vs 27.9±1.5%; p 〈0.005) was present, which was compensated by an increase in the smallest ones (D) (50.5±2.7 vs 37.4±3.1%; p 〈0.05). VLDL of smaller size were also the only particles with an abnormal composition consisting of a significant increase in esterified cholesterol (12.2±0.8 vs 8.7±1.2%, p 〈0.01). Post-heparin hepatic lipase activity was significantly reduced in diabetic patients as compared to control subjects (232.9±27.9 vs 332±42.3 mU/ml; p 〈0.05) while post-heparin lipoprotein lipase activity was similar in the two groups. Furthermore, hepatic lipase activity was inversely related to the percentage of smaller VLDL (D)(r=−0.72; p 〈0.01) in diabetic patients and this relationship was independent of changes in intermediate VLDL (VLDL C). In conclusion the data suggest that Type 1 diabetic patients, although normolipidaemic and in good blood glucose control, show a shift in the distribution of VLDL subclasses toward VLDL of a smaller size which also have an abnormal composition. The different distribution of VLDL subfractions seems to be related to a reduced hepatic lipase activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00400698
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Very low density lipoprotein subfraction abnormalities in IDDM patients: any effect of blood glucose control? (1995)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 38 (1995), S. 1419-1424 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Lipoproteins ; VLDL subfractions ; insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus ; blood glucose control ; lipid concentration ; lipolytic enzymes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Normolipidaemic insulin-dependent diabetic (IDDM) patients are characterized by an increase in the smaller VLDL particles, considered to be the most atherogenic. Since blood glucose control is one of the main regulators of lipid metabolism in diabetic patients, it could influence the shift in the distribution of VLDL subfractions towards smaller particles. To evaluate this possibility, VLDL subfractions, post-heparin lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipase activities have been evaluated in male IDDM patients with either unsatisfactory blood glucose control (group 1, HbA1c〉8%, n=18) or good blood glucose control (group 2, HbA1c〈8%, n=16) and in 16 normoglycaemic individuals. The three groups were comparable for sex, age, body mass index, and plasma lipid levels. Three VLDL subfractions (large, Svedberg flotation unit (Sf) 175–400; intermediate, Sf 100–175; small, Sf 20–100) were separated by density gradient ultracentrifugation and analysed for cholesterol, triglyceride, and phospholipid levels. When compared to control subjects both groups of IDDM patients showed a clear shift in VLDL subfraction distribution with a significant increase in the proportion of small VLDL (group 1; 49±2%; p〈0.005; group 2: 51±3%, p〈0.01; control subjects 40±2%) (mean ± SEM) in relation to total VLDL. By contrast, the absolute lipid concentration of small VLDL was higher only in group 1, compared to control subjects (35±4 vs 27±3 mg/dl, p=0.05). Post-heparin hepatic lipase activity was significantly reduced in both IDDM groups (group 1: 254±19 mU/ ml, p〈0.05; group 2: 202±19 mU/ml, p〈0.005; control subjects 317±31 mU/ml). In conclusion, normolipidaemic IDDM patients show an increase in the smallest VLDL, whatever their degree of blood glucose control. However, this abnormality may be clinically relevant only in patients with unsatisfactory blood glucose control, since absolute lipid concentration of these potentially atherogenic particles is only increased in this group.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00400602
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Abnormal glucose transport and GLUT1 cell-surface content in fibroblasts and skeletal muscle from NIDDM and obese subjects (1997)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 40 (1997), S. 421-429 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords NIDDM ; obesity ; fibroblasts ; glucose ; glucose transporter ; metabolism.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Glucose transport and GLUT1 expression were studied in fibroblasts from 7 lean and 5 obese non-insulin-dependent diabetic (NIDDM) subjects with at least 2 NIDDM first-degree relatives and from 12 lean and 5 obese non-diabetic subjects with no family history of diabetes. The obese individuals also had a strong family history of obesity. Fibroblasts from all of the subjects exhibited no difference in insulin receptor binding, autophosphorylation, and kinase and hexokinase activity. At variance, basal 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) uptake and 3H-cytochalasin B binding were 50 % increased in cells from individuals with NIDDM (p 〈 0.001) and/or obesity (p 〈 0.01) as compared to the lean non-diabetic subjects. Insulin-dependent (maximally stimulated – basal) 2-DG uptake and cytochalasin B binding were decreased three-fold in cells from the diabetic and/or obese subjects (p 〈 0.01). GLUT1 mRNA and total protein levels were comparable in fibroblasts from all the groups. However, basal GLUT1 cell-surface content was 50 % greater in fibroblasts from the NIDDM and/or obese subjects as compared to the lean non- diabetic individuals while insulin-dependent GLUT1 recruitment at the cell surface was diminished threefold. Increased basal GLUT1 content in the plasma membrane was also observed in skeletal muscle of 4 NIDDM and 3 non-diabetic obese individuals (p 〈 0.05 vs the lean non diabetic subjects). Basal 2-DG uptake in fibroblasts from diabetic/obese individuals and lean control subjects strongly correlated with the in vivo fasting plasma insulin concentration of the donor. A negative correlation was demonstrated between the magnitude of insulin-dependent glucose uptake by the fibroblasts and plasma insulin levels in vivo. We conclude that a primary abnormality in glucose transport and GLUT1 cell-surface content is present in fibroblasts from NIDDM and obese individuals. The abnormal GLUT1 content is also present in skeletal muscle plasma membranes from NIDDM and obese individuals. [Diabetologia (1997) 40: 421–429]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001250050696
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Arterial concentration and forearm extraction of glucose and insulin during the early phase of a glucose infusion (1976)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 12 (1976), S. 589-592 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Arterial insulin ; venous insulin ; arterial glucose ; venous glucose ; human ; forearm ; muscle ; early response ; glucose infusion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The concentrations of glucose and insulin were determined with high precision at half minute intervals in arterial and deep forearm vein blood after a bolus injection of glucose (4 g), followed by a constant i. v. infusion (200 mg/min), in four healthy subjects. The values for the deep vein were corrected for the transit time, which was determined by injection of Cardio-green. Arterial glucose peaked at the end of the bolus injection, venous glucose 1 1/2 min later. Arterial insulin reached its maximum later than glucose, after 2 1/2–4 min. The venous insulin reached its maximum later and was much lower than the arterial level, in two cases only around 50% of the arterial concentration. It is concluded that early after glucose administration there is a considerable extraction of both glucose and insulin by the forearm. Since the insulin extraction was quite variable venous insulin concentrations cannot be used for the assessment of early insulin response to glucose.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01220635
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Detection and characterization of naturally occurring plasmids in Bacillus licheniformis (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 81 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract: Twenty-two Bacillus licheniformis strains, freshly isolated from pasture-land, were studied for the presence of plasmid DNA. Among these strains, 14 were shown to harbor one or more plasmids of different size. Southern-hybridization experiments showed a high homology between all plasmids investigated and a 2.2-kb PvuII/HindIII fragment of pBL1, a B. licheniformis plasmid previously isolated. Three fragments of pBL1, including the 2.2-kb PvuII/HindIII region, were cloned into pJH101 vector. The resulting chimeras were able to transform Bacillus subtilis. The fragment with high homology probably contains the region with the replicative functions of plasmids from B. licheniformis species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1991.tb04781.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic transformation of intact cells of Bacillus subtilis by electroporation (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 67 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Plasmids DNAs were introduced by electroporation into Bacillus subtilis PB1424 as an alternative to competent-cell or protoplast transformation. The maximum electroporation efficiency was 104 transformants/μg DNA. Parameters including growth phase of cells, ionic strength of the suspending medium, concentration and size of plasmid DNAs, amplitude and duration of the pulse, were evaluated in order to determine conditions that improved transformations efficiency.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1990.tb13850.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of mutants of Spirulina platensis resistant to amino acid analogues (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 12 (1981), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1981.tb07668.x
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