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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stimulation of bile acid active transport related to increased mucosal cyclic AMP content in rat ileum in vitro
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/Molecular Cell Research 1011 (1989), S. 158-164 
    Details
    ISSN: 0167-4889
    Keywords: (Rat) ; Bile acid absorption ; Ileum ; Intestinal transport ; Taurocholate ; cyclic AMP
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-4889(89)90203-6
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of shell viral culture and serology for the diagnosis of human cytomegalovirus infection in neonates and immunocompromised subjects (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 70 (1992), S. 503-507 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Human cytomegalovirus ; Neonates ; Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and AIDS related complex patients
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The present retrospective study compares the laboratory diagnosis of cytomegalic inclusion disease (CID) by the use of “shell vial culture” [i.e., immunoperoxidase staining of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) early antigen in human fibroblasts 24 h postinoculation] to the results of serology (i.e. immunoglobulins IgG, IgM, and IgA HCMV antibody testing) in 21 infants with congenital or postnatally acquired HCMV infection, 5 patients with lymphoproliferative disorders, 35 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seropositive patients who met the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) criteria for stages IVA and IVB of HIV infection, and 115 patients suffering from the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, AIDS (stages IVC-IVE according to CDC criteria). HCMV infection was diagnosed by means of the shell vial culture inoculated with patient samples (e.g., urine, bronchoalveolar lavage, induced sputum, etc.) and serology in 163 (92.6%) and 65 (36.9%) patients, respectively. Viral shedding was detected by shell vial culture in 100% of the neonates, 80% of the patients suffering from lymphoproliferative disorders, 100% of the AIDS related complex (ARC) and 89.6% of the AIDS patients. In contrast, serologic testing for HCMV-specific antibodies was positive in only 28.6%, 42.9%, and 34.8% of the neonates, ARC, and AIDS patients, respectively. In lymphoma patients, serologic testing gave identical results (80%) to the shell vial culture technique. With the use of the shell vial procedure, active HCMV infection in immunocompromised subjects and neonates can be recognized more reliably than by serologic testing. Nevertheless, in a low percentage of patients (7.4%), virus isolation by the shell vial culture may fail to detect HCMV infection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00210232
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Response of rat small intestinal active aldohexose transport to elevation of mucosal cyclic AMP by forskolin and 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine in vitro (1985)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 331 (1985), S. 384-392 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Intestinal transport ; Cyclic AMP ; Methylxanthines ; Hexose transport ; Glucose
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The phosphodiesterase-inhibitor 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX) was able to elevate rat small intestinal cyclic AMP levels to 300% of basal values. Active jejunal d-glucose transport was enhanced parallel to the rise of intracellular cyclic AMP levels to 140% of control values at 100 μmol/l IBMX. Transport parameters, as determined in a three compartment model in vitro using a dual label method, indicate increased “uphill” glucose transport at the site of the brush border membrane, higher intracellular accumulation of the sugar, with unchanged passive permeabilities. Phlorizin-inhibited d-glucose transport and l-glucose transfer in the rat were not affected by the persisting cyclic AMP elevation produced by IBMX. Stimulating effects could also be demonstrated with d-galactose as a substrate. IBMX 100 μmol/l also increased active d-glucose as well as 3-O-methylglucose transport in mouse jejunum. Stimulatory effects on intestinal hexose transport and mucosal cyclic AMP levels were also found with the adenylate-cyclase activator forskolin. In the present study, forskolin effects on jejunal mucosal cyclic AMP levels were enhanced in the presence of 100 μmol/l IBMX, resulting in a 20-fold increase compared to controls at 20 μmol/l forskolin. The concentration response for the effect of forskolin in the presence of 100 μmol/l IBMX on d-glucose transport did not produce a significant increase compared to transport stimulation with IBMX alone. At higher concentrations of forskolin however, glucose transport decreased to levels well below the IBMX controls. The elevation of cellular cyclic AMP levels had no effects on passive permeability. Both IBMX 100 μmol/l as well as forskolin 20 μmol/l inhibited rat jejunal net fluid transport by 40%, combination of both agents resulted in a 55% reduction of net fluid absorption in everted sacs of rat jejunum. These results indicate a functional relationship between jejunal mucosal cyclic AMP levels and active hexose absorption different from the inhibitory role of cyclic AMP in intestinal fluid transport.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00500824
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Humoral immune response to human cytomegalovirus infection: diagnostic potential of immunoglobulin class and IgG subclass antibody response to human cytomegalovirus early and late antigens (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 71 (1993), S. 270-276 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Human cytomegalovirus ; Early antigens ; Late antigens ; Recombinant antigens ; Immunglobulins G1-G3, A and M ; Western blot
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary For the development of effective prophylaxis (hyperimmune globulins) and improvement of serological testing for human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection in immunocompromised patients it is essential to characterize the viral encoded proteins and the humoral immune response in terms of neutralizing antibodies and immunglobulin class and IgG subclass reactivity to “early” and “late” HCMV proteins. The major neutralizing epitopes have been identified and screening of donor sera for neutralizing antibody by either conventional neutralization assays or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using recombinant antigens may help to improve the efficacy of hyperimmune globulin prophylaxis. The humoral response to individual HCMV proteins has been thoroughly investigated in immunocompromised patients. Antibodies against HCMV induced “early” antigens are not exclusively associated with active infection but may indicate an elevated risk for cytomegalic inclusion disease in immunocompromised patients. With a sensitive western blot technique. IgM and IgA antibodies against HCMV “late” proteins can be detected in sera from healthy seropositive individuals. Serum samples from subjects suffering from cytomegalic inclusion disease show significantly larger broader immune responses compared with healthy HCMV antibody carriers. Promising results using recombinant antigens corresponding to immunodominant epitopes for the detection of HCMV specific antibodies have been published.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00184725
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Proabsorptive properties of forskolin: Disposition of glycine, leucine and lysine in rat jejunum (1986)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 334 (1986), S. 110-115 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Intestinal transport ; Cyclic AMP ; Amino acid transport ; Glycine ; Lysine ; Leucine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of forskolin on mucosal cyclic AMP levels and active transport of glycine, l-lysine and l-leucine were studied in rat jejunum in vitro. Furthermore, the effects on lysine and glycine incorporation into mucosal protein and on mucosal cell volume were investigated. Elevation of intestinal mucosal cyclic AMP to threefold control levels by 10 μmol l−1 forskolin was accompanied by increased absorption of glycine (+33%), l-leucine (+72%) and l-lysine (+188%), as determined in a three compartment model suitable to measure active transport. Increased intracellular accumulation could be demonstrated for lysine as a transport substrate. Accordingly, using a dual label method, calculated values for uphill transport of lysine at the site of the brush border membrane were markedly enhanced. Forskolin up to 10 μmol l−1 had no effects on the fraction of lysine or glycine incorporated into TCA-precipitable proteins of jejunal absorptive cells. Serosal to mucosal transfer, as well as basolateral entry into mucosal cells remained unchanged for all three amino acids. Likewise, intracellular fluid space, calculated from distribution spaces for 14C-inulin and 3H2O as well as the response of cellular volume to an osmotic gradient were not affected by forskolin. As comparable stimulatory effects of forskolin on active hexose transport were reported earlier, it is suggested that forskolin-known to inhibit sodium-coupled fluid absorption-may stimulate active transport by enhancing sodium availability for sodium dependent intestinal cotransporters in general.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00498748
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Forskolin-induced elevation of rat jejunal cyclic AMP levels and stimulation of active glucose transport in vitro (1985)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 328 (1985), S. 317-323 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Glucose transport ; Hexose carrier ; Intestinal transport ; Mucosal cyclic AMP ; Forskolin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The adenylate cyclase stimulator forskolin enhanced both mucosal cyclic AMP levels and d-aldohexose transport in rat jejunum in vitro in a concentration-dependent manner. With mucosal cyclic AMP elevated to 400% of basal values, active d-glucose transport was at 200% of control values. Transport parameters, as determined in a three compartment model using a dual label method, indicate a) increased “uphill” glucose transport at the brush border membrane with higher intracellular accumulation, b) unchanged serosal to mucosal glucose fluxes and passive permeabilities. Transport stimulating effects of forskolin were also present with d-galactose in the rat. In mouse jejunum active transport of d-glucose and 3-O-methylglucose was increased by forskolin 10 μmol/l. Phlorizin inhibited d-glucose transport as well as l-glucose transport in the rat were not changed by the persisting cyclic AMP elevation induced by forskolin. The results show a positive correlation of active intestinal hexose transport with a modest elevation of mucosal cyclic AMP. In accordance to current models of cyclic AMP-induced changes in intestinal fluid absorption, rat jejunal net fluid transport was reduced by 40% with 20 μmol/l forskolin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00515560
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