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  • Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus  (4)
  • Impaired glucose tolerance  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The prevalence of diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance in melanesians and part-polynesians in Rural New Caledonia and ouvea (Loyalty Islands) (1982)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 23 (1982), S. 393-398 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Impaired glucose tolerance ; diabetes mellitus ; prevalence ; Melanesian ; Polynesian ; glucose tolerance ; genetics ; environment ; rural ; urban
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The study of different ethnic groups living in the same physical environment provides the opportunity to examine interaction of genetic and environmental factors in the aetiology of diabetes mellitus. In rural New Caledonia, the prevalence of diabetes was higher in part-Polynesians than in Melanesians: males — 6.6 versus 0.5%; females — 6.3 versus 3.5% respectively. The prevalence of abnormal glucose tolerance (impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes) was 11.5 and 15.7% in part-Polynesian males and females, respectively, and 4.7 and 9.2% in Melanesian males and females. Mean age and degree of obesity in these ethnic groups were sufficiently similar to suggest that these factors played no significant role in the difference in diabetes prevalence. Furthermore, adjustment of relative risk of impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes for age and obesity indicated that the modest differences between groups were not responsible for the observed variation in diabetes prevalence. The differences in prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes between Melanesians and part-Polynesians may be genetically determined, although the role of certain environmental factors other than obesity, e.g. differences in physical activity or qualitative aspects of diet, cannot be excluded.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00260949
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pre-diabetic blood pressure predicts urinary albumin excretion after the onset of Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus in Pima Indians (1993)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 36 (1993), S. 998-1001 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Albuminuria ; risk factors ; blood pressure ; Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus ; Pima Indians
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Blood pressure was measured in 490 non-proteinuric Pima Indians from the Gila River Indian Community in Arizona at least 1 year before the diagnosis of Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. Urine albumin concentration was measured in the same subjects 0–24 years (mean 5 years) after diabetes was diagnosed. Prevalence rates of abnormal albumin excretion (albumin-to-creatinine ratio ≥100 mg/g) after the onset of Type 2 diabetes were 9%, 16%, and 23%, respectively, for the lowest to highest tertiles of pre-diabetic mean blood pressure. When controlled for age, sex, duration of diabetes and pre-diabetic 2-h post-load plasma glucose concentration, higher pre-diabetic mean blood pressure predicted abnormal urinary excretion of albumin after the onset of diabetes. This finding suggests that the higher blood pressure seen in diabetic nephropathy is not entirely a result of the renal disease, but may precede and contribute to it.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02374490
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determinants of end-stage renal disease in Pima Indians with Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus and proteinuria (1993)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 36 (1993), S. 1087-1093 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Diabetic nephropathy ; proteinuria ; end-stage renal disease ; Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus ; blood pressure ; Pima Indians
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary To identify factors related to the development of end-stage renal disease after the onset of proteinuria, its incidence was determined in 364 Pima Indians aged 35 years or older with Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus and proteinuria (protein-to-creatinine ratio ≥0.5 g/g). Of these 364 subjects, 95 (36 men, 59 women) developed end-stage renal disease. The cumulative incidence was 40% 10 years after and 61% 15 years after the onset of proteinuria. The incidence of end-stage renal disease was significantly related to the duration of diabetes, the duration of proteinuria, higher 2-h plasma glucose concentration, type of diabetes treatment, and the presence of retinopathy at the time of recognition of the proteinuria, but not to age, sex, or blood pressure. Duration of proteinuria influenced the risk of end-stage renal disease, contingent, however, upon the duration of diabetes at the onset of proteinuria. The higher cumulative incidence of end-stage renal disease 15 years after the onset of proteinuria in Pima Indians (61 %) than in Caucasians from Rochester, Minnesota (17%) may be attributable, in part, to the younger age of onset of Type 2 diabetes in Pima Indians than in Caucasians, to ethnic differences in susceptibility to renal disease, or to lower death rates among the Pima Indians from competing causes of death, such as coronary heart disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02374503
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Early and late insulin response as predictors of NIDDM in Pima Indians with impaired glucose tolerance (1995)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 38 (1995), S. 187-192 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Impaired glucose tolerance ; insulin response ; cholesterol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Risk factors predicting deterioration to diabetes mellitus were examined in 181 subjects with impaired glucose tolerance. Fifty-seven subjects had impaired glucose tolerance on one occasion followed by normal glucose tolerance at a repeat oral glucose tolerance test, and 124 subjects had impaired glucose tolerance on two successive oral glucose tolerance tests. Subjects were followed for a median period of 5.0 years (range 1.0–17.2). The age- and sex-adjusted cumulative incidence of diabetes at 10 years of follow-up was higher in subjects who had impaired glucose tolerance on both tests (70%) than in those whose glucose tolerance was normal at the repeat test (53%), [rate ratio (RR)=1.6, 95% confidence intervals (CI)=1.0–2.5]. Proportional hazards analyses were used to identify baseline risk factors (measured at the repeat oral glucose tolerance test) for subsequent diabetes, and incidence rate ratios were calculated for the 90th percentile compared with the 10th percentile of each continuous variable for the whole group. In all subjects, in separate models, higher body mass index [RR=2.0, 95% CI=2.2–9.9], high fasting serum insulin concentrations [RR=2.4, 95% CI=1.4–4.2], and low early insulin response [RR=0.5, 95% CI=0.3–0.8] 30 min after a glucose load were significant predictors for deterioration to diabetes. In a multivariate analysis which controlled for age and sex, 120-min post-load glucose, fasting insulin and late insulin response predicted diabetes. In subgroup analyses the predictors of diabetes were generally similar in subjects who had impaired glucose tolerance at only one test and those who had impaired glucose tolerance on both tests. These findings suggest that in those subjects with impaired glucose tolerance whose glucose tolerance has returned to normal, the risk of subsequent diabetes is high. Insulin resistance, impaired early insulin response, or both, are predictive of subsequent development of diabetes in Pima Indians with impaired glucose tolerance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00400093
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Familial predisposition to renal disease in two generations of Pima Indians with Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus (1990)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 33 (1990), S. 438-443 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus ; American Indians ; diabetic renal disease ; genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We studied the occurrence of renal disease by measuring serum creatinine and urine protein concentrations in the diabetic members of 316 Pima Indian families with Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes in two successive generations to determine if diabetic renal disease aggregates in families. After adjustment for sex and other risk factors, proteinuria occurred among 14.3% of the diabetic offspring if neither parent had proteinuria, 22.9% if at least one diabetic parent had proteinuria, and 45.9% if both parents had diabetes and proteinuria. Among male offspring, an elevated serum creatinine concentration (≥177 μmol/l) was present in 11.7% if the parent had an elevated creatinine and in 1.5% if the parent did not. Thus, proteinuria and high serum creatinine aggregated in diabetic families, suggesting that susceptibility to renal disease is inherited independently of diabetes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00404096
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Albuminuria in Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance in Pima Indians (1989)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 32 (1989), S. 870-876 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Albuminuria ; prevalence ; diabetic nephropathy ; Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus ; impaired glucose tolerance ; American Indians
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The prevalence of abnormal urinary albumin excretion, defined by a urine albumin to creatinine ratio〉-30 mg/g (approximately equivalent to an albumin excretion rate of 〉-30 mg/24 h), was determined in 2728 Pima Indians aged 〉-15 years from the Gila River Indian Community in Arizona, a population with a high prevalence of Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. Excessive albumin excretion was present in 8% of subjects with normal glucose tolerance, 15% of those with impaired glucose tolerance, and 47% of subjects with diabetes. The intermediate prevalence of abnormal albuminuria in those with impaired glucose tolerance suggests that hyperglycaemia even at levels below those diagnostic of diabetes is associated with renal abnormalities in some subjects and that these abnormalities may precede the onset of diabetes. Abnormal albuminuria at levels not reliably detected by the usual dipstick methods was commonly observed in Pima Indians with diabetes, even those with diabetes of recent onset. Associations were found with age, duration of diabetes, level of glycaemia, blood pressure, and treatment with insulin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00297452
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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