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  • Inorganic Chemistry  (1)
  • Key words: Endogenous noradrenaline release – Rabbit vas deferens – Prejunctional muscarinic inhibition – Muscarinic receptor subtypes – Prejunctional purinoceptors – P2 purinoceptor antagonist – Prostanoids  (1)
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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Key words: Endogenous noradrenaline release – Rabbit vas deferens – Prejunctional muscarinic inhibition – Muscarinic receptor subtypes – Prejunctional purinoceptors – P2 purinoceptor antagonist – Prostanoids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The aim of the present study was to characterize the prejunctional modulation of evoked release of endogenous noradrenaline in rabbit vas deferens by the use of muscarinic receptor agonists and subtype-prefering antagonists.   Vasa deferentia of the rabbit were stimulated electrically by trains of 120 pulses delivered at 4 Hz or trains of 30 pulses at 1 Hz. The inhibition by muscarinic agonists of the stimulation-evoked overflow of endogenous noradrenaline in the absence and presence of antagonists was used to determine affinity constants for antagonists. These values were compared with those observed at putative M1 receptors inhibiting neurogenic twitch contractions in the rabbit vas deferens and with affinity data obtained at M1(m1)–M4(m5) receptors in functional studies and binding experiments.   The evoked overflow of noradrenaline from sympathetic nerves was enhanced by the A1 receptor antagonist 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine (DPCPX), the P2 purinoceptor antagonist pyridoxalphosphate-6-azophenyl-29,49-disulfonic acid (PPADS) and indomethacin, indicating a tonic inhibition by endogenous A1 and P2 purinoceptor agonists and prostanoids, respectively. The stimulation-evoked overflow at 4 Hz was not sensitive to inhibition by the muscarinic agonists methacholine or 4-(4-chlorophenylcarbamoyloxy)-2-butynyltrimethylammonium iodide (4-Cl-McN-A-343). In contrast, at a stimulation frequency of 1 Hz the evoked noradrenaline release was decreased by muscarinic agonists (EC50): arecaidine propargyl ester (0.062 μM), 4-Cl-McN-A-343 (0.32 μM), 4-(4-fluorophenylcarbamoyloxy)-2-butynyl-N-methyl-pyrrolidinium tosylate (4-F-PyMcN+; 0.48 μM) and methacholine (0.86 μM). The affinity constants of most of the muscarinic antagonists [atropine: pKB = 9.47; (R)-trihexyphenidyl: pKB = 9.18; pirenzepine: pA2 = 7.68; methoctramine: pKB = 6.90] are consistent with estimates of these antagonists at M1(m1) receptors determined in various functional and binding studies. The high antagonistic potency of pirenzepine and (R)-trihexyphenidyl and the agonistic activity of 4-F-PyMcN+ argue for the involvement of M1, and against that of M2 and M3 receptors in the inhibition of evoked noradrenaline overflow. However, the high apparent pKB of 8.30 for himbacine is not in accordance with an M1 receptor; by contrast, it would be compatible with the presence of M2 or M4 receptors. The potencies of the tested muscarinic agonists and antagonists largely agree with those obtained for the inhibition of neurogenic twitch responses (0.05 Hz) in the rabbit vas deferens. In conclusion, the rabbit vas deferens is endowed with prejunctional muscarinic receptors mediating heteroinhibition of noradrenaline release that are probably of the same subtype as the putative M1 receptors inhibiting neurogenic twitch contractions, and are not of the M2, M3 or m5 subtype.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Sila-Pharmaca, 371). - Preparation and Properties of tbe Enantiomers of the Antimuscarinic Agents Sila-Procyclidine and Sila-Tricyclamol Iodide: optically Active Silanols with Silicon as the Centre of Chirality2)The enantiomers of sila-procyclidine (R)-1b and (S)-1b [ 〉 97% ee (NMR), 99.7% ee (DSC)] were obtained by resolution with L-(+)- and D-(-)-tartaric acid, respectively. Starting from (R)-1b and (S)-1b, the hydrochlorides (R)-2b and (S)-2b were prepared and the enantiomers of sila-tricyclamol iodide (R)-3b and (S)-3b [ 〉 96% ee (NMR)] were synthesized by reaction with CH3I. The optically active silanols show configurational stability in the crystalline state and in inert solvents, whereas they racemize in aqueous solution (3b faster than 1b). By analogy with the stereoselectivity of antimuscarinic action of the enantiomers of the carbon analogues procyclidine (1a) and tricyclamol iodide (3a), the (R) enantiomers of 1b and 3b show a greater affinity for the ileal M2β and atrial M2α muscarinic receptors of the guinea pig than the corresponding (S) antipodes. All silicon compounds exhibit a greater antimuscarinic potency than their carbon analogues, whereas the stereoselectivity of action is more pronounced for the carbon compounds. The differences in affinity for (R)-1b and (S)-1b for ileal and atrial muscarinic receptors confirm the present concept of heterogeneity in muscarinic M2 receptors (M2α: atrial type; M2β: ileal type).
    Notes: Durch Racematspaltung mit L-(+)- bzw. D-(-)-Weinsäure wurden die Enantiomere des Sila-Procyclidins (R)-1b und (S)-1b erhalten [〉 97% ee (NMR), 99.7% ee (DSC)]. Daraus wurden die Hydrochloride (R)-2b und (S)-2b und durch Umsetzung mit CH3I die Enantiomere des Sila-Tricyclamol-iodids (R)-3b und (S)-3b [ 〉 96% ee (NMR)] hergestellt. Die optisch aktiven Silanole sind in kristalliner Form und in inerten Lösungsmitteln konfigurationsstabil, während sie in wässeriger Lösung racemisieren (3b schneller als 1b). In Analogie zur Stereoselektivität der antimuskarinischen Wirkung der Enantiomere der Kohlenstoff-Analoga Procyclidin (1a) und Tricyclamol-iodid (3a) besitzen die (R)-Enantiomere von 1b und 3b eine größere Affinität zu den ilealen M2β- und atrialen M2α- Muskarinrezeptoren des Meerschweinchens als die (S)-Antipoden. Alle Silicium-Verbindungen sind stärker antimuskarinisch wirksam als ihre Kohlenstoff-Analoga, deren Stereoselektivität jedoch stärker ausgeprägt ist. Die Unterschiede in der Affinität von (R)-1b und (S)-1b zu den ilealen und atrialen Muskarinrezeptoren bestätigen das Konzept der Heterogenität muskarinischer M2-Rezeptoren (M2α: atrialer Typ; M2β: ilealer Typ).
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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