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  • 1
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: On the Absolute Configuration of the Enantiomers of the Antimuscarinic Agents Procyclidine and Tricyclamol Iodide: X-Ray Structural Analysis of (R)-1-[3-Cyclohexyl-3-hydroxy-3-phenyl-propyl]-1-methylpyrrolidinium IodideThe absolute configurations of the antimuscarinic agents procyclidine (1a) and tricyclamol iodide (2a) were established by X-ray structural analysis of (R)-1-[3-Cyclohexyl-3-hydroxy-3-phenyl-propyl]-1-methylpyrrolidinium iodide [(R)-tricyclamol iodide, (R)-2a]. The antimuscarinic potency of (R)-1a and (R)-2a is about 380 and 90 times, respectively, greater than that of the corresponding (S)-configurated enantiomers (guinea-pig ileum).
    Notes: Durch Röntgenstrukturanalyse von (R)-1-[3-Cyclohexyl-3-hydroxy-3-phenylpropyl]-1-methyl-pyrrolidiniumiodid [(R)-Tricyclamoliodid, (R)-2a] wurden die absoluten Konfigurationen der Enantiomere der Antimuskarinika Procyclidin (1a) und Tricyclamoliodid (2a) bestimmt. (R)-1a und (R)-2a sind etwa 380-bzw. 90mal stärker antimuskarinisch wirksam (isoliertes Meerschweinchen-Ileum) als die entsprechenden (S)-konfigurierten Enantiomere.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Sila-Pharmaca, 33.  -  Synthesis and Properties of the Selective Antimuscarinic Agent Cyclohexylphenyl(3-piperidinopropyl)silanolThe synthesis of the selective antimuscarinic agent cyclohexylphenyl(3-piperidinopropyl)silanol (1b) is described. Starting with (3-chloropropyl)trimethoxysilane, 1b was obtained by four reaction steps and isolated as hydrochloride 2b with a total yield of about 45%.  -  Because of its high pharmacological selectivity 1b has become a reference drug in experimental pharmacology for the differentiation of muscarinic receptors.
    Notes: Die Synthese des selektiven Antimuskarinikums Cyclohexylphenyl(3-piperidinopropyl)silanol (1b) wird beschrieben. 1b wurde - ausgehend von (3-Chlorpropyl)trimethoxysilan - durch eine vierstufige Reaktionsfolge erhalten und als Hydrochlorid 2b mit einer Gesamt-ausbeute von etwa 45% isoliert.  -  1b ist aufgrund seiner großen pharmakologischen Selektivität zu einer Standardsubstanz in der experimentellen Pharmakologie bei der Differenzierung von Muskarinrezeptoren geworden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Sila-Pharmaca, 361). - Sila-Procyclidine: A New Synthesis as well as Investigations of the Peripheral and Central Anticholinergic ActivityStarting with Cl3SiCH2Cl, sila-procyclidine (1b) as well as its derivatives 2b (sila-trihexyphenidyl), 3b, and 4b (sila-cycrimine) were prepared by a new six-step synthesis with a total yield of 16 (1b), 19 (2b), 8 (3b) and 7% (4b), respectively. - Comparative in vivo investigations (mice, per os administration) with respect to the peripheral and central anticholinergic activity have shown that the silicon compound 1b is advantageous over the carbon analogue 1a (procyclidine).
    Notes: Sila-Procyclidin (1b) sowie dessen Derivate 2b (Sila-Trihexyphenidyl), 3b und 4b (Sila-Cycrimin) wurden - ausgehend von Cl3SiCH2Cl - durch eine neue, sechsstufige Synthese mit einer Gesamtausbeute von 16 (1b), 19 (2b), 8 (3b) bzw. 7% (4b) dargestellt. - Vergleichende in-vivo-Untersuchungen (Maus, per-os-Applikation) hinsichtlich der peripheren und zentralen anticholinergen Wirkung haben gezeigt, daß die Silicium-Verbindung 1b dem Kohlenstoff-Analogon 1a (Procyclidin) überlegen ist.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Sila-Pharmaca, 371). - Preparation and Properties of tbe Enantiomers of the Antimuscarinic Agents Sila-Procyclidine and Sila-Tricyclamol Iodide: optically Active Silanols with Silicon as the Centre of Chirality2)The enantiomers of sila-procyclidine (R)-1b and (S)-1b [ 〉 97% ee (NMR), 99.7% ee (DSC)] were obtained by resolution with L-(+)- and D-(-)-tartaric acid, respectively. Starting from (R)-1b and (S)-1b, the hydrochlorides (R)-2b and (S)-2b were prepared and the enantiomers of sila-tricyclamol iodide (R)-3b and (S)-3b [ 〉 96% ee (NMR)] were synthesized by reaction with CH3I. The optically active silanols show configurational stability in the crystalline state and in inert solvents, whereas they racemize in aqueous solution (3b faster than 1b). By analogy with the stereoselectivity of antimuscarinic action of the enantiomers of the carbon analogues procyclidine (1a) and tricyclamol iodide (3a), the (R) enantiomers of 1b and 3b show a greater affinity for the ileal M2β and atrial M2α muscarinic receptors of the guinea pig than the corresponding (S) antipodes. All silicon compounds exhibit a greater antimuscarinic potency than their carbon analogues, whereas the stereoselectivity of action is more pronounced for the carbon compounds. The differences in affinity for (R)-1b and (S)-1b for ileal and atrial muscarinic receptors confirm the present concept of heterogeneity in muscarinic M2 receptors (M2α: atrial type; M2β: ileal type).
    Notes: Durch Racematspaltung mit L-(+)- bzw. D-(-)-Weinsäure wurden die Enantiomere des Sila-Procyclidins (R)-1b und (S)-1b erhalten [〉 97% ee (NMR), 99.7% ee (DSC)]. Daraus wurden die Hydrochloride (R)-2b und (S)-2b und durch Umsetzung mit CH3I die Enantiomere des Sila-Tricyclamol-iodids (R)-3b und (S)-3b [ 〉 96% ee (NMR)] hergestellt. Die optisch aktiven Silanole sind in kristalliner Form und in inerten Lösungsmitteln konfigurationsstabil, während sie in wässeriger Lösung racemisieren (3b schneller als 1b). In Analogie zur Stereoselektivität der antimuskarinischen Wirkung der Enantiomere der Kohlenstoff-Analoga Procyclidin (1a) und Tricyclamol-iodid (3a) besitzen die (R)-Enantiomere von 1b und 3b eine größere Affinität zu den ilealen M2β- und atrialen M2α- Muskarinrezeptoren des Meerschweinchens als die (S)-Antipoden. Alle Silicium-Verbindungen sind stärker antimuskarinisch wirksam als ihre Kohlenstoff-Analoga, deren Stereoselektivität jedoch stärker ausgeprägt ist. Die Unterschiede in der Affinität von (R)-1b und (S)-1b zu den ilealen und atrialen Muskarinrezeptoren bestätigen das Konzept der Heterogenität muskarinischer M2-Rezeptoren (M2α: atrialer Typ; M2β: ilealer Typ).
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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