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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Baboon ; Cleavage stages ; Embryos ; Preimplantation ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé La structure et l'ultrastructure des embryons de babouin sont étudiées dans la période précédant l'implantation. Six stades du développement embryonnaire sont observés 2, 3, 4, 5, 7 et 8 jours après la date présumée de fécondation. Dans les 3 premiers cas, on compte respectivement 2, 8 et 24 blastoméres. A 5 jours, il y a 30 à 40 cellules et un nombre dépassant 60, ultérieurement. Des cellules trophoblastiques primitives se différencient à 7 jours et une cavité de segmentation en forme de croissant apparaît au 8 ème jour. La zone pellucide est toujours présente à 8 jours, la période de préimplantation semblant plus longue chez le babouin que chez l'homme. Des particules de type C sont décrites dans la zone pellucide et les espaces périvitellin et interblastomériques. La transformation des mitochondries, des changements dans la répartition des ribosomes, des corps multivésiculaires, pseudocristallins et figures myéliniques, des nucléoles et amas granuleux intra-nucléaires s'observent chez le babouin comme chez certains autres Mammifères; par contre, les faisceaux fibrillaires cytoplasmiques sont absents. L'étude des changements de l'ultrastructure provoqués par des hormones et drogues permettrait de mieux évaluer la nocivité de ces substances pendant les premiers stades du développement embryonnaire des Primates.
    Notes: Summary The baboon preimplantation stages were examined using light and electron microscopy. Six cases were studied at 2, 3, 4, 5, 7 and 8 days estimated fertilization age. The first 3 specimens were composed of 2, 8 and 24 blastomeres respectively. At 5 days, 30 to 40 cells were counted and more than 60 cells in later stages. Primitive “trophoblast cells” differentiate at 7 days and a crescentic blastocoele appears at 8 days. Shedding of the zona pellucida is not observed in the 7 and 8 day specimens. The preimplantation period is longer in the baboon than in man. C-type viruses are observed in the zona pellucida, in the perivitelline and interblastomeric spaces. Microvilli and caveolae cover the periphery of the baboon conceptus. As in many other mammals, transformation of the mitochondria, changes in the ribosomes distribution, multivesicular bodies, myelin figures, nucleoli and intranuclear clusters of granules are described in the baboon. Cytoplasmic fibrous strands are not present as in the mouse. Experiments on the influence of hormones and drugs on ultrastructural changes would help to evaluate the importance of biohazards during the early development of primates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 152 (1974), S. 493-512 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Median eminence ; 6-Hydroxydopamine ; Fluorescence ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The extent of degeneration and regeneration of catecholamine-containing nerve fibres in the external layer of the median eminence of the rat has been assessed following treatment with 6-OHDA. Ultrastructural and fluorescence histochemical evidence suggests that nerve terminal degeneration occurs in the external layer of the caudal regions of the median eminence, including the anatomical stem, following intravenous injection of 6-OHDA in a dose of 100 mg/kg. No degeneration in the external layer of the median eminence was observed when the drug was given as sequential intracisternal injections to adult rats or neonatal rats by subcutaneous injections. The fluorescence histochemical studies suggest that regeneration of catecholamine-containing neurons is substantially complete within three weeks of treatment with intravenous 6-OHDA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 156 (1975), S. 403-409 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neurosecretory cells ; Eyestalk ; Carcinus ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The six types of neurosecretory cell in the optic lobe of Carcinus maenas described by light microscopy are recognised by electron microscopy. They are categorised according to size, distribution of organelles and type of neurosecretory product. The neuro secretory material, produced as granules by the Golgi bodies, migrates to the cell periphery eventually reaching the sinus gland via the neurosecretory cell axon extension. No change in size occurs in the granules but the density does alter. Each cell type has its own characteristic type of neurosecretory granule based on size and electron density. Multivesicular and lytic bodies in cell types 1, 2, 3,4 and 6 suggest a cycle for degrading neurosecretory material. Such a cycle is not so evident in cell type 5. Peripheral release of neurosecretory material is suggested for cell type 6 although the fate of the material is unknown.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 119 (1971), S. 208-226 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Median eminence ; Hypophysial portal vessels ; Pars distalis ; Ultrastructure ; Development
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Nerve fibres containing granular vesicles first appear in the median eminence of the rat on the 16th foetal day while secretory granules in the cells of the adenohypophysis are not present till the 17th foetal day. These observations suggest that the differentiation and early activity of pars distalis cells may depend on substances elaborated at nerve terminals in the median eminence. Although the loops of the primary plexus of portal vessels do not develop until the 4th postnatal day, substances released by nerve fibres in the neurohypophysis could reach the pars distalis through vessels already present at the 15th foetal day in the mesenchyme between the diencephalon and the adenohypophysis. This view is supported by the fact that the earliest cells to exhibit ultrastructural evidence of secretory activity are in the rostral pole of the pars distalis, the first region of the gland to become vascularized. The earliest granules to appear in the cells of the pars distalis correspond to those which are considered to contain mucoprotein hormones; somatotrophin type granules were seen only in postnatal tissues. The finding that, in the median eminence, the development of granular vesicles precedes that of agranular vesicles is discussed with reference to the times at which neurosecretory materials and monoamines become detectable in the region.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 61 (1937), S. 321-341 
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 162 (1968), S. 157-175 
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Ultrastructural and histochemical studies have revealed that the mouse colonic mucous membrane receives an extensive autonomic innervation. Nerve fibers enter the mucous membrane through the muscularis mucosae and ramify in the lamina propria where they were often seen in close proximity to smooth muscle cells. Other axons were seen accompanying blood vessels or passing along the basal aspect of the epithelium subjacent to the basement membrane; none were seen either entering the epithelium or within it.Several methods of fixation were employed in order to study their effects on intraaxonal vesicles. It was found that in tissue fixed in either glutaraldehyde in phosphate buffer, or in osmium tetroxide in phosphate buffer, the granular vesicles were better preserved than in tissue fixed in a chrome-osmium tetroxide mixture. The nerve fibers contained mainly agranular vesicles and large granular vesicles (600-1700 Å). Small granular vesicles (300-600 Å) usually associated with adrenergic nerves and specific green fluorescence indicative of catecholamines were only occasionally seen in the mucous membrane. Reserpine depleted the small granular vesicles and also abolished specific fluorescence.Ultrastructural studies showed that the large majority of nerve fibers were acetylcholinesterase positive.These findings indicate that the innervation of the colonic mucous membrane is predominantly cholinergic and that the adrenergic innervation is sparse.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Keywords: EGF-like ligands ; Postnatal development ; RT-PCR ; Immunocytochemistry ; Immunoblotting ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Amphiregulin (Ar) and Cripto-1 (Cr-1) are growth promoting peptides that share amino acid sequence homology with epidermal growth factor (EGF). The present study examined Ar and Cr-1 mRNA and protein expression during various stages of C57BL/6 mouse mammary morphogenesis. Reverse transciption-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect transcripts for Ar and Cr-1 at all stages of mammary development. Immunocytochemical (ICC) localization demonstrated that in virgin 4-week to mature 12-week-old mouse fourth inguinal mammary gland, Ar and Cr-1 are expressed in the stromal cells, luminal epithelial cells, and myoepithelial cells of the branching ducts. Ar, and to lesser extent Cr-1, were also found in the epithelial cap cells and in the luminal epithelial cells of the advancing terminal end bud (TEB) from virgin 4-week and 6-week-old mice. Western blot analysis demonstrated that both Ar (28 and 26 kDa) and Cr-1 (90, 67, 56, and 21 kDa) proteins are expressed in virgin, 13.5 day midpregnant and in the 14 day lactating mammary gland. In addition, Ar and Cr-1 are associated with developing alveolar structures as determined by ICC. These results imply that together with EGF and transforming growth factor alpha (TGFα), Ar and Cr-1 may play salient roles as modifiers in the morphogenesis and differentiation of the mammary gland. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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