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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Pathologe 21 (2000), S. 124-136 
    ISSN: 1432-1963
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Anaplastisches großzelliges Non-Hodgkin-Lymphom ; Lymphome ; Molekularpathologie ; Onkogene ; ALK-Protein ; Key words Anaplastic large cell lymphoma ; Lymphoma ; Molecular pathology ; Onkogenes ; ALK
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Fifteen years after their first description by one of the authors (HS) anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALC-lymphoma, ALCL) now represents a generally accepted group of large cell lymphomas. Essential defining features comprise of a proliferation of large lymphoid cells with strong expression of the cytokine receptor CD30 and a characteristic growth pattern. Using molecular and clinical criteria three entities of ALC-lymphoma have been identified: primary systemic anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-positive ALC-lymphoma, primary systemic ALK-negative ALC-lymphoma and primary cutaneous ALC-lymphoma. The ALK expression in the primary systemic ALC-lymphoma entity is caused by chromosomal translocations, most commonly t(2;5), and can nowadays be reliably detected by immunhistology. ALK-positive ALC-lymphoma predominantly affects young male patients and if treated with chemotherapy has a favourable prognosis. They show a broad morphological spectrum, with the ”common type”, the small cell variant and the lymphohistiocytic variant being most commonly observed. The knowledge of the existence of these variants is essential in establishing the correct diagnosis. ALK-negative ALC-lymphomas occur in older patients, equally affecting both genders and have an unfavorable prognosis. The morphology and the immunophenotype of primary cutaneous ALC-lymphoma shows an overlap with that of lymphomatoid papulosis. Both diseases have an excellent prognosis and secondary systemic dissemination is only rarely observed. The ALC-lymphomas described above derive from T cells and are generally accepted as biological entities. In contrast, large B-cell-lymphomas with anaplastic morphology are now believed not to represent an own entity but a morphologic variant of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Malignant lymphomas with morphological features of both Hodgkin- and ALC-lymphoma have formerly been classified as ALCL Hodgkin-like. Recent immunhistological analysis of these cases however suggests that ALCL Hodgkin-like does not represent an own lymphoma entity. Most of these cases are likely to be examples of tumor cell rich classical Hodgkin lymphoma, while a minority of these cases appear to fall either into the category of ALK-positive or ALK- negative ALC-lymphoma.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Das anaplastische großzellige Non-Hodgkin-Lymphom (ALC-Lymphom, ALCL) stellt heute, 15 Jahre nach seiner initialen Beschreibung durch einen der Autoren (H.S.), eine allgemein akzeptierte Gruppe bestimmter großzelliger Lymphome dar. Wesentliche definierende Merkmale sind eine Proliferation großer lymphatischer Zellen mit starker Expression des Zytokin-Rezeptors CD30 und einem charakteristischen Ausbreitungsmuster. Nach molekularen und klinischen Kriterien können mehrere Entitäten des ALC-Lymphoms unterschieden werden: das primär systemische, Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-positive ALC-Lymphom, das primär systemische, ALK-negative ALC-Lymphom und das primär kutane ALC-Lymphom. Die Expression des ALK-Proteins bei der primär systemischen ALC-Lymphom-Entität ist Folge chromosomaler Translokationen, meist t(2;5), und kann heute durch immunhistologische Färbungen zuverlässig nachgewiesen werden. Das ALK-positive ALC-Lymphom tritt vor allem bei jungen männlichen Patienten auf und besitzt nach Chemotherapie eine günstige Prognose. Es zeigt ein breites morphologisches Spektrum, wobei die wichtigsten Formen der „common type”, die kleinzellige Variante und die lymphohistiozytische Variante sind. Die beiden letztgenannten Varianten sind zwar vergleichsweise selten, ihre Kenntnis ist jedoch für eine korrekte Diagnose unerlässlich. ALK-negative ALC-Lymphome finden sich bei älteren Patienten, zeigen ein ausgewogenes Geschlechtsverhältnis und gehen mit einer ungünstigeren Prognose einher. Das primär kutane ALC-Lymphom, welches morphologisch und immunphänotypisch Überschneidungen mit der lymphomatoiden Papulose zeigt, besitzt auch unter lokaler Therapie eine exzellente Prognose. Ein sekundärer systemischer Befall kommt dabei vergleichsweise selten vor. Die oben beschriebenen ALC-Lymphome gehören der T-Zell-Reihe an und sind als biologische Entitäten allgemein anerkannt. Dagegen werden großzellige B-Zell-Lymphome mit anaplastischer Morphologie gegenwärtig nicht als eigenständige Entität, sondern als Variante des diffusen großzelligen B-Zell-Lymphoms angesehen. Maligne Lymphome mit morphologischen Merkmalen sowohl eines Hodgkin-Lymphoms als auch eines ALC-Lymphoms wurden in der Vergangenheit als ALCL Hodgkin-like klassifiziert. Die neueren immunhistologischen Analysen dieser Fälle machen allerdings wahrscheinlich, daß es sich beim ALCL Hodgkin-like nicht um eine eigene Lymphomentität handelt. Die meisten dieser Fälle dürften einem Tumorzell-reichen klassischen Hodgkin-Lymphom und die Minderheit einem ALK-positiven oder ALK-negativen ALC-Lymphom entsprechen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Neurological sciences 14 (1993), S. 49-54 
    ISSN: 1590-3478
    Keywords: Amyotrophic choreo-acanthocytosis ; degenerative disease ; neuropathology ; immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Sommario Un paziente di 47 anni, membro di una fratria affetta da Coreo-Acantocitosi Amiotrofica, è stato oggetto di studio neuropatologico, dopo alcuni anni di osservazione clinica. Oltre ai già noti reperti di microscopia ottica (perdita neuronale, gliosi astrocitaria e “status spongiosus” a livello dei nuclei della base, soprattutto del nucleo caudato), immunocitochimicamente furono evidenziati alcuni neuroni striatali MEnk+ e NPY+. A livello del midollo spinale non era riconoscibile perdita neuronale, invece si osservavano modesta demielinizzazione e iperplasia astrocitaria interfascicolare a carico dei tratti lunghi. I reperti presenti a livello del muscolo striato e del tronco nervoso periferico corrispondevano a quelli già descritti su materiale bioptico dello stesso paziente, prelevato alcuni anni prima. I diversi dati neuropatologici e immunocitochimici del caso osservato sono discussi particolarmente in riferimento alla diagnosi differenziale tra Coreo-Acantocitosi Amiotrofica e Corea di Huntington.
    Notes: Abstract A 47 year old man, one of a sibship affected by amyotrophic choreo-acanthocytosis was studied neuropathologically after some years of clinical observation. Besides the classic optical findings (neuronal loss, astrocytic gliosis and “status spongiosus” in the basal ganglia, namely in the caudate nucleus) a few MEnk+ and NPY+ neurons were observed immunocytochemically in the striatum. In the spinal cord also, while no neuronal loss was perceivable, both mild demyelination and interfibrillary astrocytic hyperplasia of the long tracts were present. On the other hand, microscopic findings of muscle and peripheral nerve showed no differences from what was previously intra-vitam appreciated in the same patient. The neuropathological and immunocytochemical findings of this case are discussed in relation to the differential diagnosis between amyotrophic choreoacanthocytosis and Huntington's disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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