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  • 1
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Extradurally growing spinal meningioma ; magnetic resonance ; emergency operation ; reversibility neurological lesion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A rare case of an extradurally growing spinal meningioma in an elderly woman is reported. Neuro-imaging, particularly magnetic resonance (MR), allowed to recognize the lesion, which, otherwise, could raise problems of differential diagnosis with a spinal metastasis. An emergency operation, required by a sudden neurological deterioration, was decisive in recovery of neurological deficits. In a review of the literature, extradurally growing spinal meningiomas appear to occur with a higher frequency than it is thought. Therefore, they are to be suspected when dealing with extradural spinal lesions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Histopathology 17 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We report a case of intestinal metaplasia of the bladder urothelium associated with dysplastic foci and a transitional cell carcinoma. A mixture of sialomucins, O-acetylated sialomucins and sulphomucins was found in the goblet cells. Neuraminidase resistant binding of the lectin peanut agglutinin was demonstrated in the brush border of columnar cells in intestinal metaplasia and diffusely in columnar cells in dysplastic foci. The histochemical findings are compared with those described in normal, dysplastic and neoplastic colonic mucosa.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the commonest type of lymphoid tumour world-wide. This category was included both in the REAL and WHO Classification aiming to lump together all malignant lymphomas characterized by the large size of the neoplastic cells, B-cell derivation, aggressive clinical presentation, and the need for highly effective chemotherapy regimens. These tumours are detected as primary or secondary forms both at the nodal and extranodal levels, in immunocompetent hosts as well as in patients with different types of immunosuppression. They display a significant variability in terms of cell morphology and clinical findings, which justifies the identification of variants and subtypes. Among the latter, the primary mediastinal one does actually correspond to a distinct clinicopathological entity. Immunophenotypic, tissue microarray and molecular studies underline the extreme heterogeneity of DLBCLs and suggest a subclassification of the tumour, based on the identification of different pathogenic pathways, which might have much greater relevance than pure morphology for precise prognostic previsions and adoption of ad hoc therapies. The more recent acquisitions on the pathobiology of DLBCLs are reviewed in the light of the authors' experience, aiming to contribute to the existing debate on the topic.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Neurological sciences 14 (1993), S. 49-54 
    ISSN: 1590-3478
    Keywords: Amyotrophic choreo-acanthocytosis ; degenerative disease ; neuropathology ; immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Sommario Un paziente di 47 anni, membro di una fratria affetta da Coreo-Acantocitosi Amiotrofica, è stato oggetto di studio neuropatologico, dopo alcuni anni di osservazione clinica. Oltre ai già noti reperti di microscopia ottica (perdita neuronale, gliosi astrocitaria e “status spongiosus” a livello dei nuclei della base, soprattutto del nucleo caudato), immunocitochimicamente furono evidenziati alcuni neuroni striatali MEnk+ e NPY+. A livello del midollo spinale non era riconoscibile perdita neuronale, invece si osservavano modesta demielinizzazione e iperplasia astrocitaria interfascicolare a carico dei tratti lunghi. I reperti presenti a livello del muscolo striato e del tronco nervoso periferico corrispondevano a quelli già descritti su materiale bioptico dello stesso paziente, prelevato alcuni anni prima. I diversi dati neuropatologici e immunocitochimici del caso osservato sono discussi particolarmente in riferimento alla diagnosi differenziale tra Coreo-Acantocitosi Amiotrofica e Corea di Huntington.
    Notes: Abstract A 47 year old man, one of a sibship affected by amyotrophic choreo-acanthocytosis was studied neuropathologically after some years of clinical observation. Besides the classic optical findings (neuronal loss, astrocytic gliosis and “status spongiosus” in the basal ganglia, namely in the caudate nucleus) a few MEnk+ and NPY+ neurons were observed immunocytochemically in the striatum. In the spinal cord also, while no neuronal loss was perceivable, both mild demyelination and interfibrillary astrocytic hyperplasia of the long tracts were present. On the other hand, microscopic findings of muscle and peripheral nerve showed no differences from what was previously intra-vitam appreciated in the same patient. The neuropathological and immunocytochemical findings of this case are discussed in relation to the differential diagnosis between amyotrophic choreoacanthocytosis and Huntington's disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Pathologe 21 (2000), S. 113-123 
    ISSN: 1432-1963
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Hodgkin-Lymphom ; Noduläres Paragranulom ; Differentialdiagnose ; Molekularpathologie ; Key words Hodgkin’s lymphoma ; Paragranulom ; Molecular pathology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary In the last few years our understanding of Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL) has enormously progressed. Molecular analysis has revealed that almost all cases of this disease are clonal B cell neoplasms, therefore the term Hodgkin’s lymphoma instead of Hodgkin’s disease is being proposed in the new WHO classification. Lymphocyte predominance HL (LPHL) differs in respect to morphology, immunophenotype and clinical features from the other forms of HL and represents its own distinct entity. In addition to morphologic features (nodularity, presence of L&H cells) the immunophenotype of tumor cells is most important in establishing a diagnosis of LPHL, and particularly in differentiating LPHL from the other forms of HL. The remaining forms of HL (nodular sclerosis, mixed cellularity, lymphocyte depletion) display a mostly identical antigen profile and similar clinical characteristics, they are therefore grouped together in the REAL classification under the heading of classical HL. Recent imunohistological analysis have revealed that one third of HL cases, which formerly were classified as LPHL, display the immunophenotype of classical HL. These cases are now considered to represent examples of classical HL and termed nodular lymphocyte rich classical HL. According to retrospective clinico-pathological analysis, the biological behaviour of this newly identified form of classical HL also differs from LPHL. Differences between classical HL and LPHL also occur on the molecular level. Thus LPHL often displays ongoing mutations of the immunoglobulin genes, and the tumor cells express immunoglobulin protein and transcripts, while these characteristics are absent in classical HL. Since peripheral B cells that do not express immunoglobulins die from apoptosis, these findings imply that the regulation of apoptosis is defective in Hodgkin and Sternberg Reed cells. Several laboratories are currently working intensely to clarify the defective apoptosis pathway in HL.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung In den letzten Jahren hat unser Wissen über die Hodgkin-Lymphome enorm zugenommen. So haben molekularpathologische Analysen gezeigt, dass nahezu alle Fälle dieser Erkrankung klonale B-Zell-Neoplasien darstellen. Deshalb wird in der neuen WHO-Klassifikation die Bezeichnung „Hodgkin-Lymphom” (HL) anstelle von „Morbus Hodgkin” bzw. „Hodgkin’s disease” vorgeschlagen. Morphologisch, immunphänotypisch und klinisch unterscheidet sich das Lymphozyten-prädominante HL (LPHL) von den anderen Formen des HL und stellt eine eigenständige Entität dar. Neben typischen morphologischen Befunden (Nodularität, Auftreten von L&H-Zellen) ist der Immunphänotyp der Tumorzellen (CD20+, J-Kette+, CD30–, CD15–, EBV–) entscheidend für die Diagnose eines LPHL, insbesondere für die Abgrenzung von den übrigen Formen des HL. Die übrigen Formen des HL (noduläre Sklerose, gemischte Zellularität, lymphozytäre Depletion) weisen Tumorzellen mit einem weitgehend übereinstimmenden Phänotyp (CD30+, CD15+, EBV–/+, CD20–/+, J-Kette–) sowie auch ein ähnliches klinisches Verhalten auf, weshalb sie in der REAL-Klassifikation unter dem Überbegriff klassischer Morbus Hodgkin zusammengefasst wurden. Neuere immunhistologische Untersuchungen ergaben, dass 1/3 der Fälle des HL, die früher dem LPHL zugeordnet wurden, den Immunphänotyp des klassischen HL aufweisen. Diese Fälle werden heute dem klassischen HL zugerechnet und als noduläres lymphozytenreiches klassisches HL bezeichnet. Retrospektive klinisch-pathologische Untersuchungen zeigen, dass sich auch das biologische Verhalten dieser neu abgegrenzten Form des klassischen HL von dem des LPHL unterscheidet. Ebenso gibt es zwischen dem LPHL und den klassischen HL Unterschiede auf molekularer Ebene. So weist das LPHL oft Zeichen sog. „ongoing mutations” innerhalb der Immunglobulingene auf und meist auch eine Expression von Immunglobulinproteinen und/oder Transkripten, während diese Merkmale beim klassischen HL regelmäßig fehlen. Da periphere B-Zellen, die keine Immunglobuline exprimieren, physiologischerweise der Apoptose anheim fallen, ist aus diesen Befunden zu folgern, dass beim klassischen HL die Apoptose dereguliert oder defekt ist. Derzeit wird intensiv an der Aufklärung dieser Apoptosestörung gearbeitet.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Pathologe 21 (2000), S. 124-136 
    ISSN: 1432-1963
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Anaplastisches großzelliges Non-Hodgkin-Lymphom ; Lymphome ; Molekularpathologie ; Onkogene ; ALK-Protein ; Key words Anaplastic large cell lymphoma ; Lymphoma ; Molecular pathology ; Onkogenes ; ALK
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Fifteen years after their first description by one of the authors (HS) anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALC-lymphoma, ALCL) now represents a generally accepted group of large cell lymphomas. Essential defining features comprise of a proliferation of large lymphoid cells with strong expression of the cytokine receptor CD30 and a characteristic growth pattern. Using molecular and clinical criteria three entities of ALC-lymphoma have been identified: primary systemic anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-positive ALC-lymphoma, primary systemic ALK-negative ALC-lymphoma and primary cutaneous ALC-lymphoma. The ALK expression in the primary systemic ALC-lymphoma entity is caused by chromosomal translocations, most commonly t(2;5), and can nowadays be reliably detected by immunhistology. ALK-positive ALC-lymphoma predominantly affects young male patients and if treated with chemotherapy has a favourable prognosis. They show a broad morphological spectrum, with the ”common type”, the small cell variant and the lymphohistiocytic variant being most commonly observed. The knowledge of the existence of these variants is essential in establishing the correct diagnosis. ALK-negative ALC-lymphomas occur in older patients, equally affecting both genders and have an unfavorable prognosis. The morphology and the immunophenotype of primary cutaneous ALC-lymphoma shows an overlap with that of lymphomatoid papulosis. Both diseases have an excellent prognosis and secondary systemic dissemination is only rarely observed. The ALC-lymphomas described above derive from T cells and are generally accepted as biological entities. In contrast, large B-cell-lymphomas with anaplastic morphology are now believed not to represent an own entity but a morphologic variant of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Malignant lymphomas with morphological features of both Hodgkin- and ALC-lymphoma have formerly been classified as ALCL Hodgkin-like. Recent immunhistological analysis of these cases however suggests that ALCL Hodgkin-like does not represent an own lymphoma entity. Most of these cases are likely to be examples of tumor cell rich classical Hodgkin lymphoma, while a minority of these cases appear to fall either into the category of ALK-positive or ALK- negative ALC-lymphoma.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Das anaplastische großzellige Non-Hodgkin-Lymphom (ALC-Lymphom, ALCL) stellt heute, 15 Jahre nach seiner initialen Beschreibung durch einen der Autoren (H.S.), eine allgemein akzeptierte Gruppe bestimmter großzelliger Lymphome dar. Wesentliche definierende Merkmale sind eine Proliferation großer lymphatischer Zellen mit starker Expression des Zytokin-Rezeptors CD30 und einem charakteristischen Ausbreitungsmuster. Nach molekularen und klinischen Kriterien können mehrere Entitäten des ALC-Lymphoms unterschieden werden: das primär systemische, Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-positive ALC-Lymphom, das primär systemische, ALK-negative ALC-Lymphom und das primär kutane ALC-Lymphom. Die Expression des ALK-Proteins bei der primär systemischen ALC-Lymphom-Entität ist Folge chromosomaler Translokationen, meist t(2;5), und kann heute durch immunhistologische Färbungen zuverlässig nachgewiesen werden. Das ALK-positive ALC-Lymphom tritt vor allem bei jungen männlichen Patienten auf und besitzt nach Chemotherapie eine günstige Prognose. Es zeigt ein breites morphologisches Spektrum, wobei die wichtigsten Formen der „common type”, die kleinzellige Variante und die lymphohistiozytische Variante sind. Die beiden letztgenannten Varianten sind zwar vergleichsweise selten, ihre Kenntnis ist jedoch für eine korrekte Diagnose unerlässlich. ALK-negative ALC-Lymphome finden sich bei älteren Patienten, zeigen ein ausgewogenes Geschlechtsverhältnis und gehen mit einer ungünstigeren Prognose einher. Das primär kutane ALC-Lymphom, welches morphologisch und immunphänotypisch Überschneidungen mit der lymphomatoiden Papulose zeigt, besitzt auch unter lokaler Therapie eine exzellente Prognose. Ein sekundärer systemischer Befall kommt dabei vergleichsweise selten vor. Die oben beschriebenen ALC-Lymphome gehören der T-Zell-Reihe an und sind als biologische Entitäten allgemein anerkannt. Dagegen werden großzellige B-Zell-Lymphome mit anaplastischer Morphologie gegenwärtig nicht als eigenständige Entität, sondern als Variante des diffusen großzelligen B-Zell-Lymphoms angesehen. Maligne Lymphome mit morphologischen Merkmalen sowohl eines Hodgkin-Lymphoms als auch eines ALC-Lymphoms wurden in der Vergangenheit als ALCL Hodgkin-like klassifiziert. Die neueren immunhistologischen Analysen dieser Fälle machen allerdings wahrscheinlich, daß es sich beim ALCL Hodgkin-like nicht um eine eigene Lymphomentität handelt. Die meisten dieser Fälle dürften einem Tumorzell-reichen klassischen Hodgkin-Lymphom und die Minderheit einem ALK-positiven oder ALK-negativen ALC-Lymphom entsprechen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1569-8041
    Keywords: cisplatin ; epirubicin ; 5-fluorouracil continuous infusion ; unknown primary
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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