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  • 1
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Previous investigators2,5 reported that several oxidizable substrates, including succinate, markedly and instantaneously accelerated the swelling of fresh liver mitochondria from the rat. However, in our control experiments carried out with freshly isolated (0-3 M sucrose) mouse and rat liver ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 203 (1964), S. 77-78 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Pette and Ruga3 have very recently demonstrated that potassium cyanide causes the dismutation of methylglyoxal. which contaminates the triosephosphate esters used as substrate in the enzyme assay, to pyruvate, which is then reduced by added NADH2 and the lactic dehydrogenase present in the ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 184 (1959), S. 2024-2025 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Recently Quastel and Bickis3 and Ibsen et al.4 determined the ratio of the lactate production by ascites tumour cells to the difference between the oxygen consumption of the cells in the absence and presence of glucose (AO). They found that the accumulation of lactate accounted for the decreased ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 11 (1955), S. 353-354 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Mitochondrien aus kleinen und grossen Spontanhepatomen bei F1(C57Bl×C3He) Mäusen weisen verschiedene Adenosintriphosphataseaktivitäten auf, was sich 1. an der Hemmung der Fettsäureoxydation normaler Lebermitochondrien nach Zugabe von Tumormitochondrien und 2. an der Fettsäureoxydation der Hepatommitochondrien selbst zeigen lässt. Die Mitochondrien gewisser Tumoren vermochten Caprylsäure nur zu oxydieren, wenn die Adenosintriphosphatase möglichst wenig aktiviert war durch Zugabe von Verseen zum Aufarbeitungsmedium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 38 (1993), S. 742-745 
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract A variety of genes for auxotrophic, morphological and resistance characters of Aspergillus niger have been assigned to eight linkage groups by haploidisation of heterozygous diploids. Methods of linkage group analysis are described that avoid disturbance of linkage data by interference of mitotic crossing-over. Four master strains for linkage group analysis were constructed with markers for the eight linkage groups in such a way that a great variety of mutants can be analysed with one of them. Moreover, over 400 strains with various combinations of more than 70 markers can be used for specific situations. Strategies for analysis of production strains are discussed. The master strains and other strains with genetic markers are available and a list with genotypes can be sent on request.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Aspergillus niger ; Adenine mutants ; Pyrimidine mutants ; Linkage groups ; Genetic analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Mutants of Aspergillus niger requiring adenine and one mutant requiring cytosine were isolated after low-dose mutagenesis and enrichment. In addition we had mutants of two genes involved in the pyrimidine biosynthesis isolated as 5-fluoro-orotic acid-resistant mutants. The fifteen adenine-less mutants could be placed in seven complementation groups. From each group a representative mutant was analyzed in order to determine the linkage group by analysis of the mutants in a heterozygous diploid carrying markers in six linkage groups. AdeF could not be assigned to any one of these linkage groups and proved to be linked to nicB, oliC and cnxC, none of which could be placed in a linkage group. Thus, conclusive evidence was obtained for a seventh linkage group. As pyrA was used as selection marker for transformation, we constructed a pyrA strain with a linked marker which can be used in the genetic analysis of transformants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Current genetics 12 (1987), S. 471-474 
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Aspergillus nidulans ; Mutation induction ; Mutagen dose ; Mutant yield
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Since the yield of mutants per surviving cell increases in general with increasing dose of mutagen, it has often been concluded in the literature that it is the most efficient to apply high mutagen doses so that most spores are killed. As high doses of mutagen produce chromosome rearrangements and unnoticed mutations which disturb the genetic background, the relationship between mutant frequency and survival was analyzed with Aspergillus nidulans as a model. It is shown that for different types of mutants the highest mutant yield is obtained at low mutagen doses (20–50% survival). Mutant frequency increases with increasing dose of mutagen but levels off and even decreases at higher dosages. There is no simple linear relationship between mutant frequency and the logarithm of the mutagen dose or the logarithm of the surviving fraction. If appropriate enrichment procedures are also available auxotrophic mutants can best be isolated at low doses of mutagen. Taking into account the disturbance of the genetic background, mutation induction should be done preferentially at a survival level of at least 70%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Aspergillus niger ; Genetic analysis ; Genetic markers ; Linkage groups ; Master strains
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A start has been made on establishing a collection of Aspergillus niger colour and auxotrophic mutants with an isogenic background for use as a source of genetic markers. All strains have short conidiophores (cspAl ), which makes them easy to handle on test plates. Genetic markers were combined stepwise by somatic recombination. Somatic diploids were obtained at frequencies of 10−6-10−5 with conidiospores collected from a heterokaryon. The haploidization of heterozygous diploids was induced by benomyl. For unlinked markers, the frequency of recombinants varied from 35%–65%. Low frequencies of recombinants were found between markers on a same chromosome, but this was sometimes disturbed by mitotic crossing-over during an early stage of the diploid. Master strains were constructed having markers for six linkage groups.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Benzoate conversion ; Mutant isolation ; Transformants ; Aspergillus niger
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary This study was prompted by the observation that an Aspergillus niger transformant with a multicopy bphA (benzoate-4-hydroxylase gene) insert did not grow on benzoate, whereas a transformant with only one extra copy could grow. Therefore, an extensive survey has been made for other genes involved in the conversion of benzoate into 4-hydroxy-benzoate. A transformant with two copies of the bphA gene was used in part of the mutation experiments in order to avoid the isolation of many bphA mutants. Filtration enrichment was used to isolate mutants defective in the conversion of benzoate. The Bph mutants that have been isolated belong to six complementation groups. Mutants with a defected structural gene (bphA) were again predominantly found but, in addition, five other groups of mutants that could not grow on benzoate were isolated. Genetic analysis of the mutants showed that the six genes were localized in different parts of the genome. This was used as an additional proof that some mutants involved different genes. Diploids with seven copies of the bphA gene and heterozygous for one of the other bph genes were constructed. No indication has been obtained that any one of the mutant classes is responsible for the growth-limiting factor in bphA multicopy transformants. This study shows that the p-hydroxylation of benzoate is very complex, although the metabolic pathway is straight forward.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 34 (1990), S. 225-228 
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary The benzoate metabolism of Aspergillus niger was studied as part of a design to clone the benzoate-4-hydroxylase gene of this fungus on the basis of complementation. Filtration enrichment techniques yielded mutants defective for different steps of benzoate degradation: bph (benzoate-4-hydroxylase), phh (4-hydroxybenzoate-3-hydroxylase) and prc (protocatechuate ring cleavage) mutants. In this way the degradation pathway for benzoate, involving the formation of 4-hydroxybenzoate and 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate has been confirmed. In addition a mutant sensitive to benzoate has been found. Complementation tests in somatic diploids showed that the bph mutants belonged to two complementation groups. The major group is probably defective in the structural gene (bphA). All phh mutants tested belonged to one complementation group. The prc mutants could be divided into several groups on the basis of their growth on different aromatic substrates and on the basis of the complementation test. The phh and both bph mutations are shown to be located on different chromosomes.
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