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  • 1
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Previous investigators2,5 reported that several oxidizable substrates, including succinate, markedly and instantaneously accelerated the swelling of fresh liver mitochondria from the rat. However, in our control experiments carried out with freshly isolated (0-3 M sucrose) mouse and rat liver ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The journal of membrane biology 9 (1972), S. 83-104 
    ISSN: 1432-1424
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Plasma membranes were isolated under hypotonic conditions from rat and mouse livers and five hepatomas, i.e. one rather anaplastic rat hepatoma (and its subline) and three well-differentiated mouse hepatomas. All these membranes contained some 25% protein soluble in 0.15m NaCl. Evidence is presented that this protein is mainly, if not exclusively of nonmembranous origin. Protein/phospholipid P (P=phosphorus) ratios did not differ significantly for the various plasma membrane species except the rat-hepatoma subline, which showed a markedly lower ratio and was thus identified. Hepatoma membranes contained more P of a nonphospholipid nature than did liver membranes and to this increase contributed in all instances an increased RNA content and in some cases also an increased DNA content. The presence of DNA in these plasma membranes is artefactual, but that of RNA is more complicated. Artefactually, Ca2+-associated RNA of low mol wt and soluble in 0.15m NaCl, and residual RNA (genuine?, in liver membranes less than 1% in respect of protein) have been demonstrated. The increase in hepatoma-membrane RNA is attributed to the ribosomal RNA of the few microsomal vesicles which are structurally connected with these plasma membranes. The sialic acid content and the percentage of neuraminidase-resistant sialic acid of hepatoma as compared with liver membranes was either similar or changed, depending on the hepatoma strain. Gelfiltration of trypsin-released peptides of liver plasma membranes showed hexosamine and hexose to be confined to the sialic acidcontaining fractions. In spite of quantitative differences among fractions, the relative contents of the three carbohydrates in the combined fractions were (about) similar to those in intact liver membranes. Similar experiments with the rat-hepatoma membranes showed a changed carbohydrate expression.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 64 (1960), S. 22-34 
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Schwellung von in 0,30 M Saccharose isolierten und in Saccharose-Tris von pH 7,4 bei 22±1°C inkubierten Mitochondrien aus Mäuse- und Rattenlebern wurde gemessen nach Zusatz von Succinat, Adeninnucleotiden (10−5 M), Malonat, Thyroxin und DNP, allein und in verschiedenen Kombinationen. Sowohl die spontane wie die thyroxininduzierte Schwellung frischer Mitochondrien wird durch Succinat und noch mehr durch Succinat und Adeninnucleotide (ADP≥ATP≫ oder 〉 AMP) gehemmt. Die Hemmung wird aufgehoben durch Malonat oder DPN. Auf die Hemmung der Schwellung von frischen Mitochondrien durch Succinat folgt eine Phase schneller Schwellung. Allmähliche Alterung oder wiederholte Waschungen von den Mitochondrien vor der Inkubation führen zu einer Verringerung oder Aufhebung des hemmenden Effektes des Succinats. Daraus wird gefolgert, daß die mitochondriale Schwellung von dem Grade der Eigenstabilität der isolierten Partikel abhängig ist.
    Notes: Summary The swelling of rat and mouse liver mitochondria, isolated in 0.30 M sucrose and incubated in sucrose-Tris of pH 7.4 at 22±1°C, in response to succinate, adenine nucleotides (10−5 M), malonate, thyroxine, and DNP, separately or in various combinations, was measured. It was found that both the spontaneous and thyroxine-induced swelling of fresh mitochondria were counteracted by succinate and, to a still greater extent, by succinate plus adenine nucleotide (ADP≥ATP≫ or 〉 AMP). The protection was abolished by malonate or DNP. The protection against swelling afforded by succinate to fresh mitochondria was followed by a phase of rapid swelling. Progressive ageing or frequent washing of the particles, prior to their incubation, led to a reduction or abolition of the protective effect. It was concluded that mitochondrial swelling was governed by the degree of intrinsic stability of the isolated particles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 184 (1959), S. 2024-2025 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Recently Quastel and Bickis3 and Ibsen et al.4 determined the ratio of the lactate production by ascites tumour cells to the difference between the oxygen consumption of the cells in the absence and presence of glucose (AO). They found that the accumulation of lactate accounted for the decreased ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 200 (1963), S. 364-364 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Post-mitochondrial fractions from rat liver and three transplanted rat hepatomas were prepared and incubated anaerobically with glucose-6-phosphate under the conditions mentioned in the legend of Table 1. a-Glyeeroiphosphate was measured by the conventional enzymatic method2. Table 1 shows the ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 203 (1964), S. 77-78 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Pette and Ruga3 have very recently demonstrated that potassium cyanide causes the dismutation of methylglyoxal. which contaminates the triosephosphate esters used as substrate in the enzyme assay, to pyruvate, which is then reduced by added NADH2 and the lactic dehydrogenase present in the ...
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 34 (1990), S. 225-228 
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary The benzoate metabolism of Aspergillus niger was studied as part of a design to clone the benzoate-4-hydroxylase gene of this fungus on the basis of complementation. Filtration enrichment techniques yielded mutants defective for different steps of benzoate degradation: bph (benzoate-4-hydroxylase), phh (4-hydroxybenzoate-3-hydroxylase) and prc (protocatechuate ring cleavage) mutants. In this way the degradation pathway for benzoate, involving the formation of 4-hydroxybenzoate and 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate has been confirmed. In addition a mutant sensitive to benzoate has been found. Complementation tests in somatic diploids showed that the bph mutants belonged to two complementation groups. The major group is probably defective in the structural gene (bphA). All phh mutants tested belonged to one complementation group. The prc mutants could be divided into several groups on the basis of their growth on different aromatic substrates and on the basis of the complementation test. The phh and both bph mutations are shown to be located on different chromosomes.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 38 (1993), S. 742-745 
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract A variety of genes for auxotrophic, morphological and resistance characters of Aspergillus niger have been assigned to eight linkage groups by haploidisation of heterozygous diploids. Methods of linkage group analysis are described that avoid disturbance of linkage data by interference of mitotic crossing-over. Four master strains for linkage group analysis were constructed with markers for the eight linkage groups in such a way that a great variety of mutants can be analysed with one of them. Moreover, over 400 strains with various combinations of more than 70 markers can be used for specific situations. Strategies for analysis of production strains are discussed. The master strains and other strains with genetic markers are available and a list with genotypes can be sent on request.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Aspergillus niger ; Adenine mutants ; Pyrimidine mutants ; Linkage groups ; Genetic analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Mutants of Aspergillus niger requiring adenine and one mutant requiring cytosine were isolated after low-dose mutagenesis and enrichment. In addition we had mutants of two genes involved in the pyrimidine biosynthesis isolated as 5-fluoro-orotic acid-resistant mutants. The fifteen adenine-less mutants could be placed in seven complementation groups. From each group a representative mutant was analyzed in order to determine the linkage group by analysis of the mutants in a heterozygous diploid carrying markers in six linkage groups. AdeF could not be assigned to any one of these linkage groups and proved to be linked to nicB, oliC and cnxC, none of which could be placed in a linkage group. Thus, conclusive evidence was obtained for a seventh linkage group. As pyrA was used as selection marker for transformation, we constructed a pyrA strain with a linked marker which can be used in the genetic analysis of transformants.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Aspergillus niger ; Genetic analysis ; Genetic markers ; Linkage groups ; Master strains
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A start has been made on establishing a collection of Aspergillus niger colour and auxotrophic mutants with an isogenic background for use as a source of genetic markers. All strains have short conidiophores (cspAl ), which makes them easy to handle on test plates. Genetic markers were combined stepwise by somatic recombination. Somatic diploids were obtained at frequencies of 10−6-10−5 with conidiospores collected from a heterokaryon. The haploidization of heterozygous diploids was induced by benomyl. For unlinked markers, the frequency of recombinants varied from 35%–65%. Low frequencies of recombinants were found between markers on a same chromosome, but this was sometimes disturbed by mitotic crossing-over during an early stage of the diploid. Master strains were constructed having markers for six linkage groups.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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