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  • Nonlinear Composites  (1)
  • Pigouvian tax  (1)
  • forests  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Salvatore model with equiproportional preservation of forests (1995)
    Springer
    Open economies review 6 (1995), S. 63-79 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-708X
    Keywords: international trade ; environmental equity ; forests
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract A a condition for preserving their tropical rainforests, countries in the southern hemisphere are demanding equiproportional protection of temperate forests in the northern hemisphere. The Salvatore version of the Heckscher-Ohlin-Samuelson model is used to simulate the case in which it is efficient for both North and South to preserve the same proportion of their national forests. The extreme assumptions of the Salvatore model are then relaxed and the resulting effects on forest preservation examined. Although the model is highly abstract, it lends credibility to the calls for equal protection of old-growth forests.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00999044
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Environmental Protection by One or Both Trading Partners in a Heckscher-Ohlin-Samuelson Model (1998)
    Springer
    Open economies review 9 (1998), S. 327-342 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-708X
    Keywords: environmental protection ; international trade ; Pigouvian tax ; pollution damage
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract In this Heckscher-Ohlin-Samuelson model, production of a pollutive good damages production of another good within the same country. Unilateral and bilateral shifts from laissez faire to Pigouvian policy are numerically simulated for cases of low emissions and a high volume of trade, high emissions and a high volume of trade, and finally, high emissions and a low volume of trade. A country can be worse off when it becomes Pigouvian and it can be worse off when its trading partner becomes Pigouvian. Nevertheless, a simple game theory version of the model suggests a “race to the top”, in which all countries become Pigouvian.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008313414694
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Duality Relations for Non-Ohmic Composites, with Applications to Behavior near Percolation (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of statistical physics 90 (1998), S. 159-189 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9613
    Keywords: Nonlinear Composites ; duality ; effective properties ; percolation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Keller, Dykhne, and others have exploited duality to derive exact results for the effective behavior of two-dimensional Ohmic composites. This paper addresses similar issues in the non-Ohmic context. We focus primarily on three different types of nonlinearity: (a) the weakly nonlinear regime; (b) power-law behavior; and (c) dielectric breakdown. We first make the consequences of duality explicit in each setting. Then we draw conclusions concerning the critical exponents and scaling functions of “dual pairs” of random non-Ohmic composites near a percolation threshold. These results generalize, unify, and simplify relations previously derived for nonlinear resistor networks. We also discuss some self-dual nonlinear composites. Our treatment is elementary and self-contained; however, we also link it with the more abstract mathematical discussions of duality by Jikov and Kozlov.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1023251701546
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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