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  • 1
    ISSN: 0947-3440
    Keywords: Ulupyrinone ; Ulufuranol ; Metabolism ; Chemical screening ; Streptomyces ; Structure elucidation ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Chemical Screening with extracts of Actinomycetes strains resulted in the detection, isolation, and structural elucidation of two new heteroaromatic secondary metabolites, named ulupyrinone (1) and ulufuranol (2), from Streptomyces spina (strain FH-S 2144). The absolute configuration of ulufuranol (2) was determined by analysis of the CD spectra of its dibenzoate, 3, using the dibenzoate chirality rule.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Cycloaddition Reactions of Heterocumulenes, XXI.  -  [2: 1]- and [3: 1]-Adducts from Isocyanates and 3-Dimethylamino-2H-azirinesThe alkyl isocyanates 1a and b react with the aminoazirines 2a and b, respectively, to give [3: 1]-adducts, the spiro structure of which is established by the X-ray structural investigation on 6a. In contract, the sterically hindered isocyanates 1c and 2b yield the [1: 1]-adduct 10b. While 6 and 10 result from 1,2 bond cleavage of the original azirines 2, isocyanates 1 effect 1,3 bond rupture in the 2-monosubstituted azirine 13. Thus, starting from the alkyl compounds 1a and d, addition of a second isocyanate molecule leads to the oxazoles 15, whereas the aryl isocyanates 1e and f give 21 via the readily hydrolyzed imidazolines 20. These constitutions are derived from the X-ray structure analysis of 21b.
    Notes: Die Alkylisocyanate 1a und b treten mit den Aminoazirinen 2a bzw. b zu [3: 1]-Addukten zusammen, deren Spiro-Struktur 6 durch die Röntgenstrukturanalyse von 6a belegt ist. Das sterisch gehinderte Isocyanat 1c bildet mit 2b dagegen nur das [1: 1]-Addukt 10b. Während sich 6 und 10 von einer 1,2-Bindungsspaltung der eingesetzten Azirine 2 ableiten, bewirken die Isocyanate 1 beim 2-monosubstituierten Azirin 13 1,3-Ringöffnung. Dabei resultieren nach Anlagerung eines zweiten Isocyanat-Moleküls ausgehend von den Alkyl-Verbindungen 1a und d die Oxazole 15, während die Arylisocyanate 1e und f über die hydrolyseempfindlichen Imidazoline 20 und 21 reagieren. Diese Konstitutionen ergeben sich aus der Röntgenstrukturanalyse von 21b.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Cycloaddition Reactions of Heterocumulenes, XXIII.  -  Nitrogen-Containing Five-Membered Heterocycles from Carbodiimides or Ketenimines with 3-Dimethylamino-2 H-azirinesDepending on the substituents, carbodiimides 1 effect 1,2 or 1,3 ring-opening of aminoazirines 2; alkyl(sulfonyl)carbodiimides 1b-d can enter into the cycloaddition via either C = N bond. Thus, starting from diphenylcarbodiimide (1a) or the sulfonylcarbodiimides 1c, d, the zwitterions 5 are formed by cleavage of C = N in 2; the reduction, hydrolysis, thiolysis, or aminolysis of which yields imidazolidines 7-9, 15. With methyl iodide, 5a, b are alkylated non-specifically either at the endo- or the exo-cyclic nitrogen of the anion moiety. In the reactions of 1c and d with 2 1,2-competes with 1,3-bond cleavage and leads to acrylamidines 17d-g as well as imidazolines 18d, 19c. For mesyl(methyl)carbodiimide (1b), 1,2 ring-opening is observed exclusively affording 17a-c besides 19a, b. Similarly, in the cycloaddition of ketenimines 23a, b with azirine 2b only 1,2-bond cleavage can be detected to give pyrrolines 26a, b and imidazole derivatives 28, respectively.
    Notes: In Abhängigkeit von den Substituenten bewirken Carbodiimide 1 1,2- oder 1,3-Ringöffnung der Aminoazirine 2; die Alkyl(sulfonyl)carbodiimide 1b-d können dabei über beide C = N-Bindungen in die Cycloaddition eintreten. So bilden sich ausgehend von Diphenylcarbodiimid (1a) oder von den Sulfonylcarbodiimiden 1c, d unter C = N-Spaltung von 2 Zwitterionen 5, deren Reduktion, Hydrolyse, Thiolyse oder Aminolyse die Imidazolidine 7-9 und 15 liefern. Mit Methyliodid werden 5a, b unspezifisch entweder am endo- oder am exo-cyclischen Stickstoff des Anionteils alkyliert. In der Reaktion von 1c und d mit 2 konkurriert die 1,2- mit der 1,3-Bindungsspaltung und führt zu den Acrylamidin-Derivaten 17d-g sowie den Imidazolinen 18d, 19c. Beim Mesyl(methyl)carbodiimid (1b) wird ausschließlich 1,2-Ringöffnung beobachtet und ergibt 17a-c neben 19a, b. Auch für die Cycloaddition der Ketenimine 23a, b mit dem Azirin 2b läßt sich nur 1,2-Bindungsspaltung zu den Pyrrolinen 26a, b bzw. den Imidazol-Derivaten 28 nach-weisen.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Cycloaddition Reactions of Heterocumulenes, XXII.  -  Reactions of Thioketenes with 3-Dimethylamino-2H-azirinesThioketenes 1 effect C = N cleavage in the aminoazirine 2 to give the dipoles 5a - c or the ketenimines 6d - h, depending on the substituents of the thioketene system. Except for 6d, hydrolysis of 6 proceeds via 5 to afford 2-thiazolin-5-ones 7 and α-carbamoylthioamides 9. Thermally the ketenimines 6 isomerize in a formal [3.3]-sigmatropic shift to furnish ketene S,N-acetals 8. Also in the 2-monosubstituted azirine 11, 1,3-bond cleavage occurs with 1 and yields thiazoles 13. In contrast, the 2-phenylazirine 16 opens at the 1,2-bond in the reaction with 1, and leads to 2-thiazolin-4-ones 20A via 19. The constitution of 20c was proved by an X-ray structural analysis.
    Notes: Thioketene 1 bewirken beim Aminoazirin 2 C = N-Spaltung, wobei je nach den Substituenten des Thioketen-Systems die Dipole 5a - c oder die Ketenimine 6d - h entstehen. Die Hydrolyse von 6 verläuft außer bei 6d über 5 zu 2-Thiazolin-5-onen 7 und α-Carbamoylthioamiden 9. Thermisch isomerisieren sich die Ketenimine 6 in einer formalen [3.3]-sigmatropen Verschiebung zu den Keten-S,N-acetalen 8. Auch beim 2-monosubstituierten Azirin 11 tritt mit 1 1,3-Ringöffnung ein, die hier Thiazole 13 ergibt. Dagegen öffnet das 2-Phenylazirin 16 in der Reaktion mit 1 die 1,2-Bindung und führt über 19 zu 2-Thiazolin-4-onen 20A. Die Konstitution von 20c konnte durch eine Röntgenstrukturanalyse bewiesen werden.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Narbosines ; Metabolites, secondary ; Streptomyces ; Rhodinosides ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In the culture broth of two new Strepomyces strains several novel 2,3,6-trideoxy-L-threo-hexose (rhodinose) metabolites, narbosines A to E (2-6, 8, 9), were detected besides α-N-acetylanhydro-L-ornithine (11) by using the chemical screening method. Their structures were deduced from spectroscopical data as well as from chemical transformations. Narbosine A (2/3) was shown to be a 1:1 anomeric mixture of α-L-rhodinopyranosyl-(1→4) -α/β-L-rhodinopyranose, the others are partially oxidatively and reductively transformed derivatives of 2/3. A destinct antiviral activity was observed for the described metabolites.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1978 (1978), S. 1568-1585 
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Cycloaddition Reactions of Heterocumulenes, XVI1).  -  Reaction of 3-Dimethylamino-2-phenyl-2H-azirines with Isocyanates and IsothiocyanatesUnlike 1a, the 2-phenyl substituted azirines 1b and c undergo 1,2-bond cleavage on reaction with the isocyanates 2a  -  e. The resulting 1,5-dipole 4 can be stabilized by an H shift to give 5 or by ring closure to give 6 or 7. The 2-phenylcrotonic acid derivative 5a formed from tosyl isocyanate (2a) spontaneously cyclizes to yield 8a. Azirine 1c and benzoyl isocyanate (2f) react to furnish the amidine 19b, which is possibly formed via 1,3-cleavage of 1c. The reaction of 1b and c with isothiocyanates 20 gives a product 23 of 1,2-cleavage only in the case of methyl isothiocyanate (20a). Compounds 20b  -  f react with 1b and c to form [1:1]- or [2:1]-adducts 25e, f, 26 or 28b and c, respectively, the formation of which can be understood in terms of a complete cleavage of the 1,3-double bond.
    Notes: Bei der Umsetzung der 2-Phenyl-substituierten Azirine 1b und c mit den Isocyanaten 2a  -  e wird im Gegensatz zu der mit 1a die 1,2-Bindung gespalten. Der entstehende 1,5-Dipol 4 kann sich durch H-Wanderung zu 5 oder durch Ringschluß zu 6 bzw. 7 stabilisieren. Das aus Tosylisocyanat (2a) gebildete 2-Phenylcrotonsäure-Derivat 5a cyclisiert spontan zu 8a. Azirin 1c reagiert mit Benzoylisocyanat (2f) zum Amidin 19b, das möglicherweise aus einer 1,3-Bindungsspaltung von 1c resultiert. Die Reaktion von 1b und c mit den Isothiocyanaten 20 führt nur für Methylisothiocyanat (20a) zum Produkt 23 einer 1,2-Ringöffnung. 20b  -  f bilden mit 1b und c die [1:1]- oder [2:1]-Addukte 25e, f, 26 bzw. 28b, c, deren Entstehung aus einer vollständigen Spaltung der 1,3-Doppelbindung verständlich ist.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Oasomycin ; Metabolites, secondary ; Macrolactone ; Desertomycin ; Chemical screening ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: New macrolactones, named oasomycin A to D (1 to 4), were discovered by a chemical screening in the culture broth of Streptoverticillium baldacii subsp. netropse (strain FH-S 1625). The structures were established by detailed spectroscopic analysis. The fundamental 42-membered lactone moiety of oasomycin A and B (1 and 2) is analogous to that of desertomycin A (5), while the oasomycins C and D (3 and 4) are the first representatives of macrolactones bearing a 44-membered skeleton. These metabolites can be distinguished by side chain modifications at C-41 or C-43 as well as the presence of an α-linked D-mannose moiety attached to 22-OH. Due to the structural similarities the oasomycins are integrated into the desertomycin family. In vitro testing by using the HEP-G2 cell assay showed oasomycin A (1) to be an inhibitor of de novo cholesterol biosynthesis.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Gabosine ; Metabolites, secondary ; Streptomyces ; Carba-sugar ; Chemical screening ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Chemical screening of different Streptomycetes strains resulted in the detection, isolation, and structure elucidation of a number of novel carba-sugars. The constitution of these secondary metabolites, named gabosines A to K (1 to 11), was deduced from spectroscopic data as well as chemical transformation reactions. The gabosines exhibit a basic C7 skeleton and can be characterized as hydroxylated branched cyclohexanone derivatives, which show structural similarities to carbohydrates deriving from secondary metabolism. The configuration fo the gabosines (absolute stereochemistry for 1, 4, 5, and 6; relative configuration for the remaining metabolites) was determined by derivatization with chiral acids (Helmchen's method), NMR spectral analysis, as well as by a comparison of optical rotation values with those of the already known gabosines B (2) and C (3). The new term “ketocarbasugars” is used to characterize a typical ketone containing subgroup of carba-sugars originating from microbial sources. The well available natural gabosines can be used as suitable chiral building blocks.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Streptomyces violaceus ; Chemical screening ; 2-Pyrrolecarboxylic acid derivatives ; Glycerol ester, NMR assignments ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Glycerinopyrin (1) was detected by chemical screening as a new metabolite from Streptomyces violaceus. Its structure was elucidated by chemical and spectroscopical methods as (2S)- 2,3-dihydroxypropyl 1-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pyrrolecarboxylate.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Waraterpol ; Metabolites, secondary ; Penicillium ; Chemical screening ; Antibacterial agents ; Antifungal agents ; HIV ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Substituted phenols can easily be recognized by using the chemical screening method, whereby they are found to be widely spread secondary metabolites of microorganisms. In the culture filtrate of Penicillium sp. (strain FH-A 6260) new phenols named waraterpols were detected by a striking purple coloration by using anisaldehyde/sulfuric acid. These secondary metabolites (1 to 3 and 6 to 8) exhibit a C15-carbon skeleton and can be characterized as hydroxylated branched-chain sesquiterpenoids with a benzoide moiety. The minor compounds were O-acetyl (2 and 3) and dehydrated derivatives (6 to 8) of the parent compound waraterpol (1), which was shown to be 6-[2-hydroxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl]-2-methylheptane-1,6-diol. Derivatization of 1 resulted in the quinone and hydroquinone compounds 10 and 5 as well as in the cyclic derivatives 11 and 12. The waraterpols exhibit distinct antibacterial and antifungal activities whereas an inhibition of HIV-1 in a MT-4 cell assay was found for 11.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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