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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of neural transmission 26 (1964), S. 452-458 
    ISSN: 1435-1463
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Experimental studies with Sprague-Dawley rats have shown that following the intravenous injection of 6.7 μg/kg DL-norepinephrine-7-H3 the uptake of the labeled amine in the rat heart was significantly decreased in animals that have been pretreated for 7–10 days with L-thyroxine. The metabolites of monoaminoxydase and catechol-0-methyltransferase were diminished, probably due to enzymeinhibition, while the content of unmetabolized norepinephrine in heart tissue and plasma was increased. The importance of these findings for the problem of thyroxine-induced sensitization against norepinephrine is discussed.
    Abstract: Résumé Après injection de 6,7 μg/kg DL-noradrénaline-7-H3 la résorption de noradrénaline marquée dans le coeur des rats de Sprague-Dawley, traités 7 à 10 jours auparavant avec L-thyroxine, est diminuée de façon significative par rapport aux animaux témoins. Le taux des métabolites de la monoaminoxydase et de la catéchole-0-méthyltransférase est diminué, vraisemblablement à cause d'une inhibition de ces enzymes. La valeur de ces résultats en ce qui concerne la question de sensibilisation contre la noradrénaline, après traitement à la thyroxine, est discutée.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Nach intravenöser Injektion von 6,7 μg/kg DL-Noradrenalin-7-H3 ist die Aufnahme von markiertem Noradrenalin im Herzen von Sprague-Dawley-Ratten, die mit L-Thyroxin 7 bis 10 Tage vorbehandelt waren, gegenüber Kontrolltieren signifikant herabgesetzt. Der Gehalt an Metaboliten der Monoaminoxydase und der Katechol-0-methyltransferase ist—vermutlich als Folge einer Hemmung dieser Enzyme—vermindert. Dementsprechend ist der Anteil des unveränderten Noradrenalins sowohl im Herzen wie im Plasma der Thyroxin-Tiere erhöht. Die Bedeutung dieser Befunde für die Sensibilisierung gegenüber Noradrenalin nach Thyroxinverabreichung wird diskutiert.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 16 (1960), S. 36-38 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Experiments on kidney homogenates from rat and pig showed that 50% of the renin-activity was localized in the mitochondrial fraction. The mitochondria and microsomes together contained 10 times as much hypertensinase-activity as the supernatant fraction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 37 (1959), S. 798-803 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Bei 15 Patienten wurde im Verlaufakuter Infektionskrankheiten die Ausscheidung von A und NA im Harn untersucht (161 Bestimmungen). Bei allen Kranken mit Infekten des Zentralnervensystems war die Ausscheidung von Noradrenalin und Adrenalin anfangs erhöht und fiel später auf konstante Basiswerte ab. Beziehungen zur Theorie der stress-bedingten vegetativen Reaktion und zur Klinik der Infektionskrankheiten, speziell des Zentralnervensystems, werden diskutiert.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 68 (1990), S. 789-796 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Postviral fatigue ; Chronic mononucleosis ; Myalgic encephalomyelitis ; Lake-tahoedisease ; Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Reports on conditions of chronic fatigue associated with other somatopsychic symptoms after acute viral infections have led to the hypothesis of a “chronic fatigue syndrome” (CFS). Historical disease descriptions, like e.g. “myalgic encephalomyelitits”, were updated by means of modern virological diagnostic techniques and data analysis. Several viral agents like enteroviruses, Epstein-Barr virus, Human-Herpesvirus 6 and other herpesviruses have been implicated for possible underlying infections. A preliminary disease definition by the Center for Disease Control (CDC) seeks to provide a rational basis for further etiological studies. In fact, there is growing consensus that the syndrome comprises various separate disease entities and causative agents. Today we can tentatively differentiate a “chronic mononucleosis” after infection with Epstein-Barr virus, an etiologically undetermined “postviral fatigue syndrome” and a fatigue syndrome of the myalgic type after Coxsackie-B virus infection. Furthermore, a valid diagnosis of CFS must be based on the exclusion of defined other diseases and the awareness of dealing with a hypothetical concept. As a result, current knowledge does not yet allow specific therapeutic recommendations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 70 (1992), S. 708-710 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Tramadol ; Drug metabolism ; Racemate ; Enantiomers ; Microsomes ; High performance liquid chromatography ; Quinidine ; Propafenone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The metabolism of tramadol was investigated in vitro using microsomal fractions of human liver. The parent compound and its main metabolites were determined by a newly developed high performance liquid chromatography assay. O-demethylation of tramadol was found to be stereoselective. The Vmax of the O-demethylation of (−)-tramadol was 210 pmol·mg−·min−1, whereas (+)-tramadol was O-demethylated with a Vmax of 125 pmol·mg−1·min−1. The Km for both enantiomers was determined to be 210 μM. O-demethylation was inhibited competitively by quinidine (ki=15 nM) and propafenone (ki=34 nM). N-demethylation was also stereoselective, preferentially metabolizing the (+)-enantiomer. Whereas O-demethylation displayed monophasic Michaelis-Menten kinetics, N-demethylation was best described by a two-site model. Competitive inhibition of the O-demethylation both by quinidine and propafenone suggests that O-demethylation is carried out by P-450IID6.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 267 (1970), S. 353-363 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Norepinephrine ; Heart ; Cyclamate ; Cyclohexylamine ; Gas-Liquid-Chromatography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Cyclohexyalmine is considered as an indirectly acting sympathomimetic amine that can be generated by the metabolic conversion of the non-nutritive sweetener cyclamate. Sprague-Dawley rats were injected intraperitoneally with increasing doses of Cyclohexylamine. The concentration of Cyclohexylamine in the plasma was determined by means of gas-liquid-chromatography and correlated with the uptake of3H-dl-norepinephrine in the heart. Cyclohexylamine caused a dose-dependent inhibition of the uptake of3H-norephinephrine (50% inhibition by 59.0 mg/kg) and decreased the concentration of endogenous norepinephrine. The plasma half life time of Cyclohexylamine was 75.3 min. Following a dose of 40 mg/kg, the inhibition of norepinephrine uptake lasted about 2 h. 50% inhibition was obtained at a plasma concentration of 24.8 Μg/ml of Cyclohexylamine corresponding to 2.5×10−4 M. These findings are consistent with Cyclohexylamine being an indirectly acting sympathomimetic amine which is some orders of magnitude less potent than related substances.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 267 (1970), S. 446-456 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Chlorphentermine ; Tissue Distribution ; Gaschromatography ; Anorectic Drugs ; Chlorphentermin ; Gewebsverteilung ; Gaschromatographie ; Anorektika
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Plasma concentrations and tissue distribution of chlorphentermine were determined in the rat, the rabbit and the pig after the parenteral administration of the drug. A sensitive and specific method was developed for the determination of chlorphentermine in biological fluids based on solvent extraction and gas chromatography. It can be also applied to the analysis of other anorectic drugs. In all three species the concentration of chlorphentermine was, by far, the highest in the lung. Lower concentrations, in decreasing order, were found in the spleen, the adrenals and the heart, and in the kidney and the liver which are the main organs of elimination. This distribution pattern can be regarded as characteristic for highly lipophilic organic bases. Possible correlations to the phospholipid content of the lung and to the pulmonary hypertension are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 201 (1955), S. 36-48 
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung 1. Bei einem Fall von A. n. “benigner juveniler Verlaufsform” wurden erstmalig schwerste Veränderungen des Skeletes festgestellt, die als universelle Konstitutionsanomalie durch genetische Mutation deutbar erscheinen und deren systematische Einordnung nicht gelingt. 2. Der beschriebene Fall kann auf Grund der eingehenden klinischen Untersuchung nicht als humoral bzw. hormonell bedingt angesehen werden. Er scheint aber eine Bestätigung des polygenetischen Syndromeharakters der A. n. und insbesondere der Annahme Mieschers zu sein, daß das Krankheitsbild die Ausdrucksform einer anlagemäßig gestörten zentralen Regulation der Oberflächengestaltung der Haut ist. Für diese Interpretation als ‘Genodermatose’ spricht auch der Fall von Acanthosis nigricans congenitalis Hasselmanns, wo schon bei einem 8 Monate alten Mädchen eine typische naevoide und beinahe systematisierte Ausbreitung auf dem Integument bestand. 3. Bei der Systemlosigkeit der Mißbildungen an Meso- und Ektoderm scheint der erhobene Befund des stark positiven Sabin-Feldmann-Testes nicht völlig bedeutungslos zu sein. Die ätiologische Rolle einer Toxoplasmoseinfektion sollte daher bei weiteren Fällen von A. n. untersucht werden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Isoniazid ; Rifampicin ; Antituberculous agents ; Toxic Hepatitis ; Acetylator Phenotype ; Isoniazid-Rifampicin ; Tuberkulostatische Kombinationstherapie ; Toxische Hepatitis ; Acetyliererphänotyp
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei 95 Patienten mit aktiver Tbc untersuchten wir prospektive den Einfluß des Acetyliererphänotyps auf die hepatotoxische Nebenwirkung der tuberkulostatischen Kombination Isoniazid (INH) 10 mg/kg, Rifampicin (RMP) 10 mg/kg, Myambutol (EMB) 25 mg/kg. Neben einer viel höheren Inzidenz der Isoniazidhepatitis (SGOT, SGPT 〉 200 U/l) von 12,6% der Behandelten — verglichen zur Häufigkeit der Isoniazidhepatitis während Chemoprophylaxe mit Isoniazid als Monotherapie von 0,5–1% (IUAT 1969, U.S.P.H.S. 1971) — stellten wir bei der Kombinationstherapie ein signifikant höheres Risiko schwerer INH-induzierter Leberschädigungen bei Langsamacetylierern fest (p 〈 0,01): von 56 Langsamacetylierern entwickelten 26 (=46,4%) Transaminasenerhöhungen 〉 50 U/l, von 30 Schnellacetylierern dagegen nur 4 (=13,3%). Unter den 12 Patienten mit Isoniazidhepatitis befanden sichnur Langsamacetylierer. Frauen waren von der Isoniazidhepatitis häufiger betroffen als Männer (p 〈 0,05). Bei der Isoniazidhepatitis wurde entweder die Therapie vorübergehend abgesetzt oder als Zweierkombination RMP, EMB fortgesetzt. Bei leichterem Verlauf der Leberschädigung wurde die Therapie unverändert fortgesetzt. In allen Fällen normalisierten sich die Transaminasen innerhalb 2–4 Wochen. Die anschließende Wiederaufnahme der Dreifachtherapie ohne Dosisreduktion führte zu keinem erneuten Transaminasenanstieg. Das konstante Auftreten der INH-Hepatitis in der 2.–4. Woche (19±7 Tage) sowie die ohne Reaktion vertragene spätere Reexposition der vollen Dreifachtherapie sprechen für eine zeitlich begrenzte Interaktion des Rifampicin mit dem Isoniazid-Metabolismus in der Anfangsphase der tuberkulostatischen Therapie.
    Notes: Summary In 95 patients with active tuberculosis, we investigated in a prospective study the influence of the acetylator phenotype on the hepatotoxic side effects of the antituberculous regimen isoniazid (INH) 10 mg/kg, rifampicin (RMP) 10 mg/kg, and ethambutol (EMB) 25 mg/kg. Besides a much higher incidence of isoniazid hepatitis (SGOT, SGPT 〉 200 U/l) in 12.6% of patients treated — as compared to the incidence reported in large chemoprophylaxis trials with isoniazid monotherapy in the range of 0.5%–1% (IUAT 1969, U.S.P.H.S. 1971) — we observed a significant, higher risk of isoniazid-induced hepatotoxicity in slow acetylators (p 〈 0.01): in 26 of 56 slow acetylators (=46.4%), but only in 4 of 30 rapid acetylators (=13.3%) were transaminases in the serum elevated 〉 50 U/l. The 12 patients with the most severe hepatotoxic side effects (SGOT, SGPT 〉 200 U/l) were all slow acetylators. Women developed severe hepatic injury more often than men (p 〈 0.05). In cases with isoniazid hepatitis, triple therapy was either stopped or reduced to a combination RMP, EMB. In cases with less severe liver injury, triple therapy was continued. In all patients transaminases normalized within 2–4 weeks. On return to full triple therapy, none of the patients developed new elevation of transaminases. The constant occurrence of isoniazid hepatitis during the 2nd–4th week (19±7 days) as well as the normalization without any new hepatotoxic reaction suggest that there may be an interaction between RMP and isoniazid metabolism limited to the early phase of chemotherapy.
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