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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Central pharmacological control of corticosterone secretion in the intact rat. demonstration of cholinergic and serotoninergic facilitatory and α-adrenergic inhibitory mechanisms (1980)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 71 (1980), S. 213-217 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Corticosterone ; Muscarinic agonists ; Serotoninergic agonists ; α-Adrenoceptor agonists ; Rats
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A method is described for demonstrating the hypothalamic control of corticosterone in the intact rat. Oxotremorine 0.01–0.05 mg/kg IP and 5-hydroxy-l-tryptophan 1–50 mg/kg IP raise plasma corticosterone levels in dose-related fashion. The oxotremorine response is blocked by atropine 1 mg/kg SC and the 5-hydroxy-l-tryptophan response by mianserin 10 mg/kg IP. α-Methylparatyrosine methyl ester 400 mg/kg IP raises plasma corticosterone levels 14–16 h later. This rise can be suppressed by clonidine 0.01–0.05 mg/kg IP and this suppression is antogonized by piperoxane 5–50 mg/kg IP. Apomorphine 5 mg/kg IP does not lower plasma corticosterone levels in rats pre-treated with α-methylparatyrosine. The response to oxotremorine cannot be blocked by atropine methylbromide or by mianserin. The response to 5-hydroxy-l-tryptophan is unaffected by benserazide or atropine sulphate. These data suggest separate cholinergic and serotoninergic facilitation of corticosterone release in the intact rat. The stimulating drugs used appear to be acting centrally. The data also support the presence of a noradrenergic inhibitory system mediated by α-adrenoceptors. Dopaminergic receptors appear to play no part in the central control of corticosterone secretion after pre-treatment with α-methylparatyrosine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00433054
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Leucocyte values in rats and mice following carbon dioxide euthanasia (1991)
    Springer
    Comparative clinical pathology 1 (1991), S. 233-235 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-2981
    Keywords: Carbon dioxide ; Euthanasia ; Leucocytes ; Mice ; Rats
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Leucocyte counts obtained from Wistar rats and CD1 mice following euthanasia with carbon dioxide were compared to leucocyte values obtained using other agents for anaesthesia or euthanasia. In rats, following euthanasia with carbon dioxide, lymphocyte and neutrophil counts in samples taken from the heart were significantly raised compared with sodium barbiturate euthanasia. In mice, following carbon dioxide, total leucocyte counts from brachial plexus were significantly lower than other collection sites. Lymphocyte counts from vena cava and brachial plexus were also significantly lower than other sites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00235378
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preliminary studies with an SLS method for haemoglobin determination in three species (1992)
    Springer
    Comparative clinical pathology 2 (1992), S. 101-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-2981
    Keywords: Haemoglobinometry ; Sodium lauryl sulphate ; Rats ; Dogs ; Mice
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A commercially available sodium lauryl sulphate reagent was used to determine haemoglobin values in three species, and these values were compared with results obtained by a cyanmethaemoglobin method with the same haematology analyser. Correlation of the two methods was satisfactory for samples obtained from healthy rats and dogs. For mouse samples, the correlation between methods was poorer than for the other two species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00186269
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of repeated electroconvulsive shocks on growth hormone secretion and growth hormone responses to clonidine in the intact rat (1982)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 76 (1982), S. 98-100 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Electroconvulsive shock ; Growth hormone ; Clonidine ; Rats
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effect of repeated electroconvulsive shocks (ECS) on growth hormone (GH) secretion was studied in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley animals were given one ECS daily for 10 days under halothane anaesthesia. Control animals were anaesthetised only. GH secretion was studied 24 h after the last ECS or sham procedure. Background GH secretion was significantly greater in ECS-treated than in sham-treated animals (P〈0.001). The GH response to IV clonidine (0.01–0.1 mg/kg) did not differ between the two groups. The size of the GH response was not directly related to the basal GH secretion and could not be explained in terms of it.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00430767
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of repeated electroconvulsive shock on corticosterone responses to centrally acting pharmacological stimuli in the male rat (1980)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 71 (1980), S. 205-212 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Electroconvulsive shock ; Corticosterone ; Muscarinic agonists ; Serotoninergic agonists ; α-Adrenoceptor agonists ; Rats
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effect of repeated and single electroconvulsive shocks (ECS) on the corticosterone response to pharmacological stimuli has been studied in male rats. Plasma corticosterone concentrations are elevated by oxotremorine, a muscarinic agonist, and by 5-hydroxy-l-tryptophan, a precursor of serotonin. Both these agonists probably stimulate corticotrophinreleasing-factor release from the hypothalamus. The log dose-response curves of the corticosterone response to oxotremorine and to 5-hydroxy-l-tryptophan are shifted to the left after a single ECS given daily for 10 days compared with sham-shocked controls. Plasma corticosterone concentrations are elevated by treatment with α-methyl-p-tyrosine methyl ester (400 mg/kg IP). This rise is suppressed by clonidine. The log dose-response curve for the corticosterone response to clonidine after α-methyl-p-tyrosine methyl ester is also shifted to the left by repeated ECS, compared with controls. There is no difference in the corticosterone response of ECS and sham-treated groups given vasopressin, which is thought to act directly on the pituitary to release ACTH. A single ECS produces a slight enhancement of the response to 5-hydroxy-l-tryptophan, a slight decrease in the response to oxotremorine and no change in the response to clonidine after α-methyl-p-tyrosine. The disappearance of the difference in response between ECS and sham-treated animals was also studied 1,3, and 6 days after a series of ten ECS or sham procedures. Significant differences in the corticosterone responses to oxotremorine, 5-hydroxy-l-tryptophan and clonidine after α-methyl-p-tyrosine between ECS and sham-treated animas were found 24 h after the last ECS or sham shock. These differences were in decline 3 days after the last procedure and had completely disappeared by day 6. The decline was largely due to an increase in plasma corticosterone responsiveness to pharmacological stimuli of the shamshocked controls. Responses in the ECS-treated groups remained constant. It is apparent that the anaesthetic procedure suppresses the effect of oxotremorine, 5-hydroxy-l-tryptophan and clonidine after α-methyl-p-tyrosine on corticosterone concentrations in plasma. This effect is spontaneously reversible. Repeated ECS reverses the effect of the anaesthetic procedure but produces no reversible enhancement of its own.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00433053
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The photooxidation of methyl tertiary butyl ether (1991)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 23 (1991), S. 907-924 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) has been proposed and is being used as an additive to increase the octane of gasoline without the use of tetraethyl lead and alkylbenzenes. The present experiments have been performed to examine the kinetics and mechanisms of the atmospheric removal of MTBE. The kinetics of the reaction of OH with MTBE was examined by using a relative rate technique in which photolysis of methyl nitrite was used as the source of OH. With n-butane as the reference compound a value of (2.99 ± 0.12) × 10-12 cm3 molecule-1 s-1 at a temperature of 298 K was obtained for the rate constant. The products (and product yields) for the OH reaction with MTBE in the presence of NOx were also determined and found to be t-butyl formate (0.68 ± 0.05), methyl acetate (0.14 ± 0.02), acetone (0.026 ± 0.003), t-butanol (0.062 ± 0.009), and formaldehyde (0.48 ± 0.05) in mols/mol MTBE converted. The OH rate constant for the major product formed, t-butyl formate was also measured and found to be (7.37 ± 0.05) × 10-13 cm3 molecule-1 s-1. Mechanisms to rationalize the formation of the products are presented.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.550231006
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetics and mechanism of the atmospheric oxidation of Ethyl tertiary butyl ether (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 24 (1992), S. 199-215 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Ethyl tertiary butyl ether (ETBE) is being proposed as an additive for use in reformulated gasolines. In this study, experiments were performed to examine the kinetics and mechanism of the atmospheric removal of ETBE. The kinetics of the reaction of ETBE with OH radicals were examined by using a relative rate technique with the photolysis of methyl nitrite to generate OH radicals. With n-hexane as the reference compound, a value of (9.73 ± 0.33) × 10-12 cm3 molecule-1 s-1 was obtained for the rate constant. The OH rate constant for t-butyl acetate, a product of the oxidation of ETBE, was (4.4 ± 0.4) × 10-13 cm3 molecule-1 s-1 at 298 K.The primary products and molar yields for the OH reaction with ETBE in the presence of NOx were t-butyl formate (0.64 ± 0.03), t-butyl acetate (0.13 ± 0.01), ethyl acetate (0.043 ± 0.003), acetaldehyde (0.16 ± 0.01), acetone (0.019 ± 0.002), and formaldehyde (0.53 ± 0.04). Under the described reaction conditions, the formation of t-butyl nitrite was also observed. From these molar yields, approximately 98% of the reacted ETBE could be accounted for by paths leading to these products. Chemical mechanisms to explain the formation of these products are presented.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.550240208
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetics and mechanism of the atmospheric oxidation of tertiary amyl methyl ether (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 27 (1995), S. 453-472 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Tertiary-amyl methyl ether (TAME) is proposed for use as an additive to increase the oxygen content of gasoline as stipulated in the 1990 Clean Air Amendments. The present experiments have been performed to examine the kinetics and mechanisms of the atmospheric removal of TAME. The kinetics of the reaction of OH with TAME was examined by using a relative rate technique in which photolysis of methyl nitrite or nitrous acid was used as the source of OH. The OH rate constant for TAME and two major products (t-amyl formate and methyl acetate) were measured and yields for ten products were determined as primary products from the reaction.Values determined for the rate constants for the reaction with OH were 5.48 × 10-12 (TAME), 1.75 × 10-12 (t-amyl formate), and 3.85 × 10-13 cm3 molec-1 s-1 (methyl acetate) at 298 ± 2 K. The primary products (with corrected yields where required) from the OH + TAME that have been observed include (1) t-amyl formate (0.366), methyl acetate (0.349), acetaldehyde (0.43, corrected), acetone (0.036), formaldehyde (0.549), t-amyl alcohol (0.026), 3-methyoxy-3-methyl-butanal (0.044, corrected), t-amyloxy methyl nitrate (0.029), 3-methyoxy-3-methyl-2-butyl nitrate (0.010), and 2-methoxy-2-methyl butyl nitrate (0.004). Mechanisms leading to these products involve OH abstraction from each of the four different hydrogen atoms of TAME. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.550270505
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The products of the reaction of the hydroxyl radical with 2-ethoxyethyl acetate (1996)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 28 (1996), S. 475-480 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The gas-phase reaction products of the OH radical with 2-ethoxyethyl acetate (EEA, CH3C(O)OCH2CH2OCH2CH3) have been investigated. 1,2-Ethanediol acetate formate (EAF, CH3C(O)OCH2CH2OC(O)H) and ethyl formate (EF, HC(O)OCH2CH3) were identified as the two main products. A third product, ethylene glycol diacetate (EGD, CH3C(O)OCH2CH2OC(O)CH3), was also observed. EAF, EF, and EGD formation yields were determined to be 0.37 ± 0.03 and 0.328 ± 0.018 and 0.040 ± 0.005, respectively. Proposed reaction mechanisms are discussed and compared with these data. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.1
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