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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High-resolution mapping of repetitive DNA by in situ hybridization: molecular and chromosomal features of prominent dispersed and discretely localized DNA families from the wild beet species Beta procumbens (1996)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 30 (1996), S. 1099-1113 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: Beta procumbens ; Beta vulgaris ; in situ hybridization ; repetitive DNA ; satellite DNA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Members of three prominent DNA families of Beta procumbens have been isolated as Sau3A repeats. Two families consisting of repeats of about 158 bp and 312 bp are organized as satellite DNAs (Sau3A satellites I and II), whereas the third family with a repeat length of 202 bp is interspersed throughout the genome. Multi-colour fluorescence in situ hybridization was used for physical mapping of the DNA families, and has shown that these tandemly organized families occur in large heterochromatic and DAPI positive blocks. The Sau3A satellite I hybridized exclusively around or near the centromeres of 10, 11 or 12 chromosomes. The Sau3A satellite family I showed high intraspecific variability and high-resolution physical mapping was performed on pachytene chromosomes using differentially labelled repeats. The physical order of satellite subfamily arrays along a chromosome was visualized and provided evidence that large arrays of plant satellite repeats are not contiguous and consist of distinct subfamily domains. Re-hybridization of a heterologous rRNA probe to mitotic metaphase chromosomes revealed that the 18S-5.8S-25S rRNA genes are located at subterminal position on one chromosome pair missing repeat clusters of the Sau3A satellite family I. It is known that arrays of Sau3A satellite I repeats are tightly linked to a nematode (Heterodera schachtii) resistance gene and our results show that the gene might be located close to the centromere. Large arrays of the Sau3A satellite II were found in centromeric regions of 16 chromosomes and, in addition, a considerable interspersion of repeats over all chromosomes was observed. The family of interspersed 202 bp repeats is uniformly distributed over all chromosomes and largely excluded from the rRNA gene cluster but shows local amplification in some regions. Southern hybridization has shown that all three families are specific for genomes of the section Procumbentes of the genus Beta.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00019545
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genomic in situ hybridization to identify alien chromosomes and chromosome segments in wheat (1992)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 84 (1992), S. 778-786 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Genomic probing ; In situ hybridization ; Interphase cytogenetics ; Physical mapping ; Triticum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Genomic in situ hybridization was used to identify alien chromatin in chromosome spreads of wheat, Triticum aestivum L., lines incorporating chromosomes from Leymus multicaulis (Kar. and Kir.) Tzvelev and Thinopyrum bessarabicum (Savul. and Rayss) Löve, and chromosome arms from Hordeum chilense Roem. and Schult, H. vulgare L. and Secale cereale L. Total genomic DNA from the introgressed alien species was used as a probe, together with excess amounts of unlabelled blocking DNA from wheat, for DNA:DNA in-situ hybridization. The method labelled the alien chromatin yellow-green, while the wheat chromosomes showed only the orange-red fluorescence of the DNA counterstain. Nuclei were screened from seedling root-tips (including those from half-grains) and anther wall tissue. The genomic probing method identified alien chromosomes and chromosome arms and allowed counting in nuclei at all stages of the cell cycle, so complete metaphases were not needed. At prophase or interphase, two labelled domains were visible in most nuclei from disomic lines, while only one labelled domain was visible in monosomic lines. At metaphase, direct visualization of the morphology of the alien chromosome or chromosome segment was possible and allowed identification of the relationship of the alien chromatin to the wheat chromosomes. The genomic in-situ hybridization method is fast, sensitive, accurate and informative. Hence it is likely to be of great value for both cytogenetic analysis and in plant breeding programmes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00227384
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physical mapping of rRNA genes by fluorescent in-situ hybridization and structural analysis of 5S rRNA genes and intergenic spacer sequences in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) (1994)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 88 (1994), S. 629-636 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Beta vulgaris ; Sugar beet ; In-situ hybridization ; rRNA genes ; Intergenic spacer ; Physical mapping
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A digoxigenin-labelled 5S rDNA probe (pTa-794) and a rhodamine-labelled 18S-5.8S-25S rDNA probe (pTa71) were used for double-target in-situ hybridization to root-tip metaphase, prophase and interphase chromosomes of cultivated beet,Beta vulgaris L. After in-situ hybridization with the 18S-5.8S-25S rDNA probe, one major pair of sites was detected which corresponded to the secondary constriction at the end of the short arm of chromosome 1. The two rDNA chromosomes were often associated and the loci only contracted in late metaphase. In the majority of the metaphase plates analyzed, we found a single additional minor hybridization site with pTa71. One pair of 5S rRNA gene clusters was localized near the centromere on the short arm of one of the three largest chromosomes which does not carry the 18S-5.8S-25S genes. Because of the difficulties in distinguishing the very similarly-sizedB. vulgaris chromosomes in metaphase preparations, the 5S and the 18S-5.8S-25S rRNA genes can be used as markers for chromosome identification. TwoXbaI fragments (pXV1 and pXV2), comprising the 5S ribosomal RNA gene and the adjacent intergenic spacer, were isolated. The two 5S rDNA repeats were 349 bp and 351 bp long, showing considerable sequence variation in the intergenic spacer. The use of fluorescent in-situ hybridization, complemented by molecular data, for gene mapping and for integrating genetic and physical maps of beet species is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01253964
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relationships between species ofLeymus, Psathyrostachys, andHordeum (Poaceae, Triticeae) inferred from Southern hybridization of genomic and cloned DNA probes (1994)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 189 (1994), S. 217-231 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Poaceae ; Triticeae ; Leymus ; Hordeum ; Psathyrostachys ; Taxonomy ; evolution ; molecular evolution ; repetitive DNA ; rDNA polymorphisms ; RFLP analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We have used total genomic DNA as a probe to size-fractionated restriction enzyme digests of genomic DNA from a range ofTriticeae species from the generaLeymus Hochst.,Psathyrostachys Nevski, andHordeum L., and hybrids betweenHordeum andLeymus to investigate their taxonomic relationships. Genomic Southern hybridization was found to be an effective and simple way to assess the distribution and diversity of essentially species-specific and common, repetitive DNA sequences, and is hence especially useful in evolutionary studies. The DNA sequences ofH. vulgare seem to diverge substantially from those ofH. brachyantherum, H. lechleri, H. procerum, andH. depressum. The genome ofThinopyron bessarabicum shows little homology to those of theLeymus species investigated, confirming thatT. bessarabicum is not an ancestral genome inLeymus. Although the genomes ofLeymus andPsathyrostachys share substantial proportions of DNA sequences, they include divergent repeated sequences as well. Hybridization with a ribosomal DNA probe (pTa 71) showed that the coding regions containing structural genes encoding the 18 S, 5.8 S, and 26 S ribosomal RNA were conserved among the species investigated, whereas the intergenic spacer region was more variable, presenting different sizes of restriction fragments and enabling a classification of the species. The rye heterochromatin probe pSc 119.2 hybridized to DNA fromH. lechleri andT. bessarabicum, but not to DNA from the other species investigated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00939728
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A novel repetitive sequence associated with the centromeric regions of Arabidopsis thaliana chromosomes (1996)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 253 (1996), S. 247-252 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Key words Middle repetitive sequence ; Arabidopsis ; In situ hybridization ; Centromere ; Physical mapping
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  The middle repetitive fraction of the Arabidopsis genome has been relatively poorly characterized. We describe here a novel repetitive sequence cloned in the plasmid mi167, and present in ∼90 copies in the genome of Arabidopsis thaliana ecotype Columbia. Hybridization analysis to physically mapped YAC clones representing Arabidopsis chromosome 4 revealed four mi167-hybridizing loci, all clustered near the centromere. No other loci were detected on YAC clones covering chromosome 4. In situ hybridisation experiments to Arabidopsis chromosome spreads showed that mi167-hybridizing sequences are clustered at the centromeric heterochromatin of all five chromosomes; on two chromosomes the hybridization appeared to be localised on one arm. Additional mi167-hybridizing loci were detected, one of which was adjacent to a non-centromeric, heterochromatic region. This work supports the idea that the majority of middle repetitive DNA in the Arabidopsis genome is clustered. It also adds to our understanding of the organization of the centromere of Arabidopsis chromosome 4.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004380050319
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Possible origin of a B chromosome deduced from its DNA composition using double FISH technique (1994)
    Springer
    Chromosome research 2 (1994), S. 87-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6849
    Keywords: B-chromosome ; Eyprepocnemis plorans ; FISH ; grasshoppers ; in situ hybridization ; repetitive DNA ; ribosomal DNA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Double fluorescentin situ hybridization (FISH) with two DNA probes (a 180 bp tandemly repeated DNA and ribosomal DNA) was performed in embryo cells of the grasshopperEyprepocnemis plorans. Repetitive DNA was present in most standard chromosomes (excepting 7, 8 and 10) and in the proximal two-thirds of the B chromosome, which was its major location in the complement. Ribosomal DNA was present distally on the B, and in the active nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) of the X, 9, 10 and 11 chromosomes. A small number of rRNA gene clusters was also observed in the pericentromeric regions of chromosomes 1–8. The double FISH technique showed that the B chromosome (B2 type) is mainly composed of a 180 bp tandem repeat and ribosomal DNA, the minute short arm being the only region that does not hybridize with them. The location and order of the centromere and both the DNA sequences on the B chromosome coincide only with those in the X chromosome, indicating that the B most probably derives from the X.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01553487
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