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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Planta 153 (1981), S. 267-272 
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Blue light (photoreceptor) ; Etiolation (reversal) ; High irradiance reaction ; Hypocotyl ; Phytochrome ; Sinapis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Detailed action spectra are presented for the inhibition of hypocotyl extension in dark-grown Sinapis alba L. seedlings by continuous (24 h) narrow waveband monochromatic light between 336 nm and 783 nm. The results show four distinct wavebands of major inhibitory action; these are centred in the ultra-violet (λmax=367 nm), blue (λmax=446 nm), red (λmax=653 nm) and far-red (λmax=712 nm) wavebands. Previous irradiation of the plants with red light (which also decreases Ptot) causes decreased inhibitory action by all wavelengths except those responsible for the red light inhibitory response. Pre-irradiation did not alter the wavelength of the action maxima. It is concluded that ultra-violet and blue light act mainly on a photoreceptor which is different from phytochrome.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Chalcone synthase ; Fluence-response relation ; Petroselinum ; Phytochrome ; Receptor UV-B blue-light
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The fluence dependence of the time course of accumulation of chalcone synthase mRNA in ultraviolet (UV)-light-irradiated cell suspension cultures of parsley (Petroselinum crispum) and the additional effects of blue and far-red light have been investigated. Variations of the UV fluence had no detectable influence on the initial rate of increase in mRNA amount or translational activity, nor on the preceding lag period of approximately 3 h, but strongly influenced the duration of the transient increase. The effects were the same whether the fluence rate or the time of irradiation was varied to obtain a given fluence. Blue-light pretreatment of the cells resulted in increased amounts of mRNA and abolished the apparent lag period. This effect remained cryptic without the subsequent UV-light treatment. Irradiation with long-wavelength far-red light following UV-light pulses shortened the duration of the mRNA accumulation period. This effect was not altered by a preceding blue-light treatment. Thus, three photoreceptors, a UV-B receptor, a blue-light receptor and phytochrome, participate in the regulation of chalcone synthase mRNA accumulation in this system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Arabidopsis ; Gravitropism ; phyB-1 ; Phytochrome
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Hypocotyls of dark-grown seedlings of Ara bidosis thaliana exhibit a strong negative gravitropism, which is reduced by red and also by long-wavelength, far-red light treatments. Light treatments using phytochrome A (phyA)- and phytochrome B (phyB)-deficient mutants showed that this response is controlled by phyB in a red/far-red reversible way, and by phyA in a non-reversible, very-low-fluence response. Crosses of the previously analyzed phyB-1 allele (in the ecotype Landsberg erecta background) to the ecotype Nossen wild-type (WT) background resulted in a WT-like negative gravitropism in darkness, indicating that the previously described gravitropic randomization observed with phyB-1 in the dark is likely due to a second mutation independent of that in the PHYB gene.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Planta 138 (1978), S. 25-28 
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Action spectrum ; Chlorophyll ; Phaseolus ; Photomorphogenesis ; Phytochrome
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Red light absorption by photosynthetic pigments screens stem tissue of Phaseolus vulgaris L. seedlings to such an extent that the most effective wavelength for the phytochrome induction control of stem growth is approximately 628 nm. Screening is greater in the first internode than in the hypocotyl. The consequences are that, compared with etiolated seedlings, much higher irradiances are required for phytochrome control in green plants, and the efficiency of 660 nm light is markedly reduced. Even very high exposures at 660 nm may not achieve appreciable photoconversion of P r to P fr.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Planta 141 (1978), S. 211-216 
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Hypocotyl growth ; Photomorphogenesis ; Phytochrome ; Sinapis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract After sowing, mustard (Sinapis alba L.) seedlings were grown for 48 h in white light (25°C). These fully de-etiolated, green seedlings were used as experimental material between 48 and 72 (84) h after sowing. The question researched was to what extent control by light of hypocotyl elongation is due to phytochrome in these seedlings. It was found that the light effect on hypocotyl growth is very probably exerted through phytochrome only. In particular, we found no indication for the involvement of a specific blue light photoreceptor pigment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Planta 146 (1979), S. 75-81 
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Adenosine-5′-triphosphate ; Membrane ; Phaseolus ; Phytochrome
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In a membrane fraction isolated from hypocotyls of Phaseolus aureus Roxb. the activity of a number of enzymes was regulated by red and far-red irradiation in vitro, provided that the tissue received a brief red light treatment before extraction. Other enzymes showed no photoregulation. There were two types of photocontrol, neither of which could be detected in the solute fraction, nor in extracts from completely etiolated material. One (Type I) was a red/far-red reversible regulation of the rate of enzyme activity, depending on the light given (in vivo or in vitro) before the assay was begun. The second (Type II) was a promotion of enzyme activity by red or far-red light given during the assay. The action spectra for type II responses do not coincide with either the phytochrome absorption or difference spectra. However, the effectiveness of red and far-red was correlated with the Pfr/P ratio present at the beginning of the assay, such that far-red was more efficient at high Pfr/P and red at low Pfr/P ratios. All enzymes that were regulated involved ATP. In samples that showed enzyme regulation, small changes in fluorescence yield of tryptophan and the covalent probe “Fluram” (Roche) accompanied the photoconversion of phytochrome, but no fluorescence changes could be measured after briefly incubating the membrane fraction with ATP. The results indicate that light may affect the interaction of ATP with the membrane fraction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: High irradiance response ; Hypocotyl elongation ; Photomorphogenesis ; Phytochrome ; Sinapis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Relative quantum responsivity curves for inhibition of hypocotyl elongation in Sinapis alba L. seedlings previously grown in white light confirm that a marked “end of day” inhibition response can be induced by a monochromatic light treatment (30 min) at the end of the light period. In dark grown seedlings, however, no growth inhibition can be induced by a 30 min monochromatic light treatment. A prerequisite for an induction response appears to be a pretreatment with continuous light. Far red light is most effective with blue and red light showing a lesser effectiveness. The light pretreatment also shows a marked fluence rate dependency with respect to its ability to allow an induction response to manifest itself. The pretreatment required shows all the characteristics of a classical “HIR” response. The appearance of the effect in plants treated with the herbicide SAN 9789 seems to exclude chlorophyll as being the photoreceptor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Planta 154 (1982), S. 224-230 
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Avena ; Coleoptile growth ; Mesocotyl growth ; Phytochrome
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The effects of continuous red and far-red light and of brief light pulses on the growth kinetics of the mesocotyl, coleoptile, and primary leaf of intact oat (Avena sativa L.) seedlings were investigated. Mesocotyl lengthening is strongly inhibited, even by very small amounts of Pfr, the far-red light absorbing form of phytochrome (e.g., by [Pfr]≈0.1% of total phytochrome, established by a 756-nm light pulse). Coleoptile growth is at first promoted by Pfr, but apparently inhibited later. This inhibition is correlated in time with the rupturing of the coleoptile tip by the primary leaf, the growth of which is also promoted by phytochrome. The growth responses of all three seedling organs are fully reversible by far-red light. The apparent lack of photoreversibility observed by some previous investigators of the mesocotyl inhibition can be explained by an extremely high sensitivity to Pfr. Experiments with different seedling parts failed to demonstrate any further obvious interorgan relationship in the light-mediated growth responses of the mesocotyl and coleoptile. The organspecific growth kinetics, don't appear to be influenced by Pfr destruction. Following an irradiation, the growth responses are quantitatively determined by the level of Pfr established at the onset of darkness rather than by the actual Pfr level present during the growth period.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Planta 154 (1982), S. 231-240 
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Avena ; Phytochrome ; Coleoptile growth ; High irradiance reaction ; Light and growth ; Mesocotyl growth
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Fluence rate response curves for light-induced inhibition of mesocotyl growth and promotion of coleoptile growth in etiolated Avena sativa L. (cv. Victory) were developed. The irradiation time was 24 h. Fluence rates between 10-6 and 105 nmol m-2s-1 and 30 wavelengths between 563 and 1,093 nm were used. The main conclusions are as follows: 1. Both organs exhibit a low fluence rate response as well as a high fluence rate response. 2. The mesocotyl response is more sensitive to light than the coleoptile response. 3. The low fluence rate response of the mesocotyl shows a threshold of sensitivity at about 10-7 nmol m-2s-1 (i.e., total fluence of 5·10-2 nmol m-2 during the experiment) in the red and a saturation (about 70% inhibition of growth) at 10-4 nmol m-2s-1 (50 nmol m-2). 4. The action spectrum for the low fluence rate response parallels the Pr absorption spectrum. Alterations induced by screening are discussed. 5. The action spectrum demonstrates an exponential decrease in apparent photoconversion cross-section (Pr→Pfr) up to about 800 nm. Between 800 and 1,093 nm the photoconversion cross-section is only weakly dependent on wavelength. 6. The action spectrum for the high fluence rate response shows a broad peak in the red, a trough at 723 nm, and a sharp peak at 740–750 nm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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