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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-055X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Allgemeinnarkose ; Periphere Immunzellen ; Vollbluttest ; Zytokine ; Key words General anaesthesia ; Peripheral immune cells ; Whole blood assay ; Cytokines
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Objective: Anaesthetic agents are believed to have an adverse effect on human immune defense mechanisms. We investigated changes in peripheral immune cell numbers such as natural killer (NK) cells, B cells and T lymphocyte subpopulations (CD4+ and CD8+ cells) and differences in cytokine production after stimulation with different mitogens before and during narcosis. Methods: We studied 30 patients undergoing elective orthopedic surgery. Stimulatory experiments were performed with the mitogens lipopolysaccharide (LPS), phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and inactivated Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV). Results: During general anaesthesia with fentanyl, thiopental, isoflurane and nitrous oxide there was a significant decrease of circulating NK cells in the peripheral blood accompanied by a significant increase of B cells and CD8+ T lymphocytes. We detected a significant anesthesia-associated increase of interferon (IFN)-γ, IFN-α, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) synthesis after stimulation with different mitogens while interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 protein did not change significantly. After the beginning of surgery CD8-positive cells showed a return to control values and NK cell number increased slightly. Conclusion: These findings suggest that general anaesthesia interferes with immune cell number and immune cell response. This may explain the clinically well-recognized disturbance of human immunity after surgery and general anaesthesia.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Fragestellung: Die bei der Allgemeinnarkose eingesetzten Pharmaka stehen im Verdacht, ungünstige Einflüsse auf das menschliche Immunsystem auszuüben. Wir untersuchten in unserer Studie Veränderungen in der Zellzahl von Natürlichen Killer (NK)-Zellen, B-Lymphozyten und T-Lymphozyten-Subpopulationen (CD4- und CD8-positive Zellen) im Blut sowie Änderungen in der Zytokinproduktion nach Stimulation durch Mitogene vor und während der Narkose. Methoden: Untersucht wurden 30 Patienten, die sich einem elektiven operativen Eingriff nach einem Trauma am Bewegungsapparat unterzogen. Die Stimulationsexperimente wurden mit den Mitogenen Lipopolysaccharid, Phytohämagglutinin und inaktiviertem Newcastle-Disease-Virus durchgeführt. Ergebnisse: Während der Narkose mit Fentanyl, Thiopental, Isofluran und Lachgas beobachteten wir einen signifikanten Abfall der im Blut zirkulierenden NK-Zellen, begleitet von einem Anstieg der B-Zellen und CD8-positiven T-Lymphozyten. Wir maßen einen signifikanten Anstieg von Interferon (IFN)-γ, IFN-α, Tumor-Nekrose-Faktor (TNF)-α und dem löslichen Interleukin-2-Rezeptor (sIL-2R) nach Stimulation, während sich die Konzentrationen von Interleukin (IL)-1β und IL-6 nicht wesentlich änderten. Nach Operationsbeginn fiel die Zahl der CD8-positiven Zellen wieder zurück auf das Ausgangsniveau vor Einleitung der Narkose, und die NK-Zellzahl stieg leicht an. Schlußfolgerung: Diese Ergebnisse lassen vermuten, daß Anästhetika einen Einfluß auf die Anzahl und die Funktion der zirkulierenden Immunzellen haben. Hiermit könnten die vorbeschriebenen Störungen des menschlichen Immunsystems nach operativen Eingriffen und Allgemeinnarkose erklärt werden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A beamline has been constructed at Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory (SSRL) whose radiation source is a multipole permanent magnet wiggler installed in a straight section of the SPEAR 3–3.5 GeV electron storage ring. The wiggler is a hybrid design that utilizes Nd–Fe alloy magnet material combined with Vanadium Permendur poles. It is approximately 2 m long and has 15 full wiggler periods. Its field is regulated by varying its gap height. It has a peak operating field, limited by the electron beam vacuum chamber vertical aperture, of 1.4 T. The beamline consists of vacuum, safety, and optical components capable of transporting photons to one hard x-ray (3–30 keV) end station, with provisions for implementing up to two additional branch lines. The existing hard x-ray branch can be focused by a Pt-coated toroidal mirror with a cutoff energy of approximately 22 keV. The experimental end station is serviced by a Hower–Brown type double crystal monochromator. The wiggler and beamline construction was completed in the fall of 1987 and was operated for a brief period for characterization and experimental use. We present design details and results of the initial characterization studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    International Journal of Food Microbiology 21 (1994), S. 1-5 
    ISSN: 0168-1605
    Keywords: Canada ; Phage type ; Prevalence ; Salmonella enteritidis
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Physica D: Nonlinear Phenomena 13 (1984), S. 137-160 
    ISSN: 0167-2789
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Physica D: Nonlinear Phenomena 9 (1983), S. 103-139 
    ISSN: 0167-2789
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Arabidopsis ; Gravitropism ; phyB-1 ; Phytochrome
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Hypocotyls of dark-grown seedlings of Ara bidosis thaliana exhibit a strong negative gravitropism, which is reduced by red and also by long-wavelength, far-red light treatments. Light treatments using phytochrome A (phyA)- and phytochrome B (phyB)-deficient mutants showed that this response is controlled by phyB in a red/far-red reversible way, and by phyA in a non-reversible, very-low-fluence response. Crosses of the previously analyzed phyB-1 allele (in the ecotype Landsberg erecta background) to the ecotype Nossen wild-type (WT) background resulted in a WT-like negative gravitropism in darkness, indicating that the previously described gravitropic randomization observed with phyB-1 in the dark is likely due to a second mutation independent of that in the PHYB gene.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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