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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 239 (1972), S. 225-226 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] After the identification of 2-heptanone as the alarm phero-mone of Iridomyrmex pruinosus (Roger)1, a number of substances, many with structures related to 2-heptanone, were tested for pheromone activity which was estimated on a 0 to 5 scale of intensity, depending on the number of ants showing a ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 254 (1975), S. 136-137 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] A symbiotic relationship between an insect and a species of bacterium with respect to the production of the insect's sex pheromone, has been found in the New Zealand grass grub beetle11 which carries a phenol-producing bacterium in the colleterial glands of the female. To our knowledge, however, ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1437-160X
    Keywords: Ankylosing spondylitis ; MAS ; Cytokines ; Whole blood assay
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In this study we compared cytokine production and cell proliferation of immunocompetent cells derived from patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) to those from healthy blood donors using a whole blood assay. To this end, blood cell cultures were stimulated with the superantigens MAS (Mycoplasma arthritidis supernatant) and staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) and the plant lectins phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) and concanavalin A (Con A). The number of white blood cells (WBC) and lymphocyte subsets were also determined. Cell proliferation and levels of interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were measured after stimulation with the different mitogens. An ELISA test was used to analyse supernatant cytokine levels. Individuals with AS showed significantly lower IFN-γ concentrations and markedly lower cell proliferation rates with all tested mitogens than healthy controls, while there was no significant difference in IL-6 synthesis. IL-Iβ levels were slightly impaired in the patient group, but only blood cell cultures stimulates with MAS showed a statistical significance. Furthermore, there was a significant elevation of leucocytes and lymphocytes in patients with AS resulting in higher numbers of CD4-positive cells, which implies a higher CD4:CD8 cell ratio. CD19- and CD8-positive cells were not significantly distinct compared to healthy controls. This deviation in cytokine levels and cell proliferation points to a suppression of T lymphocytes. A disturbed T-lymphocyte function may play a part in the pathogenesis of AS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 37 (1981), S. 816-817 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary o-Aminoacetophenone is the major volatile product present in the mandibular gland secretion of the primitive fungus-growing antMycocepurus goeldii. This novel arthropod natural product is biosynthetically far removed from the aliphatic ketones and alcohols found in those genera of the tribe Attini that represent the main line of evolution. The divergent phylogenetic position ofMycocepurus, and possibly of other closely related genera, is emphasized.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 49 (1993), S. 91-93 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Anoplolepis custodiens ; Dufours gland ; n-alkanes ; n-alkenes ; I-alcohols ; 2-alcohols ; 2-ketones
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The components of individual Dufours glands excised fromAnoplolepis custodiens workers were analysed by GC-MS. In addition to then-alkanes andn-alkenes previously reported2 in these glands, primary alcohols (C19-C22), secondary alcohols (C20-C23), 2-ketones (C20-C23) and possibly carboxylate ethyl esters (C19 and C21) were identified as components of these glands. It seems possible that these high-boiling compounds are used by the workers in laying trails on the hot sandy surfaces of their characteristic habitat and in lining of the inner walls of nests, but no standard compounds have been available to us for any behavioral studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 76 (1989), S. 277-277 
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Mycopathologia 62 (1977), S. 179-182 
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Ceratocystis minor var. barrasii, a fungus associated with the southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis, exhibits dimorphism which is influenced by the concentration of both carbon dioxide and phosphate. The mycelium produces blastospores from the tips and sides of its hyphae when the concentration of carbon dioxide is high, and these blastospores germinate if the concentration of phosphate is above about 10−2 mM, whereas below this concentration they bud.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-055X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Allgemeinnarkose ; Periphere Immunzellen ; Vollbluttest ; Zytokine ; Key words General anaesthesia ; Peripheral immune cells ; Whole blood assay ; Cytokines
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Objective: Anaesthetic agents are believed to have an adverse effect on human immune defense mechanisms. We investigated changes in peripheral immune cell numbers such as natural killer (NK) cells, B cells and T lymphocyte subpopulations (CD4+ and CD8+ cells) and differences in cytokine production after stimulation with different mitogens before and during narcosis. Methods: We studied 30 patients undergoing elective orthopedic surgery. Stimulatory experiments were performed with the mitogens lipopolysaccharide (LPS), phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and inactivated Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV). Results: During general anaesthesia with fentanyl, thiopental, isoflurane and nitrous oxide there was a significant decrease of circulating NK cells in the peripheral blood accompanied by a significant increase of B cells and CD8+ T lymphocytes. We detected a significant anesthesia-associated increase of interferon (IFN)-γ, IFN-α, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) synthesis after stimulation with different mitogens while interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 protein did not change significantly. After the beginning of surgery CD8-positive cells showed a return to control values and NK cell number increased slightly. Conclusion: These findings suggest that general anaesthesia interferes with immune cell number and immune cell response. This may explain the clinically well-recognized disturbance of human immunity after surgery and general anaesthesia.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Fragestellung: Die bei der Allgemeinnarkose eingesetzten Pharmaka stehen im Verdacht, ungünstige Einflüsse auf das menschliche Immunsystem auszuüben. Wir untersuchten in unserer Studie Veränderungen in der Zellzahl von Natürlichen Killer (NK)-Zellen, B-Lymphozyten und T-Lymphozyten-Subpopulationen (CD4- und CD8-positive Zellen) im Blut sowie Änderungen in der Zytokinproduktion nach Stimulation durch Mitogene vor und während der Narkose. Methoden: Untersucht wurden 30 Patienten, die sich einem elektiven operativen Eingriff nach einem Trauma am Bewegungsapparat unterzogen. Die Stimulationsexperimente wurden mit den Mitogenen Lipopolysaccharid, Phytohämagglutinin und inaktiviertem Newcastle-Disease-Virus durchgeführt. Ergebnisse: Während der Narkose mit Fentanyl, Thiopental, Isofluran und Lachgas beobachteten wir einen signifikanten Abfall der im Blut zirkulierenden NK-Zellen, begleitet von einem Anstieg der B-Zellen und CD8-positiven T-Lymphozyten. Wir maßen einen signifikanten Anstieg von Interferon (IFN)-γ, IFN-α, Tumor-Nekrose-Faktor (TNF)-α und dem löslichen Interleukin-2-Rezeptor (sIL-2R) nach Stimulation, während sich die Konzentrationen von Interleukin (IL)-1β und IL-6 nicht wesentlich änderten. Nach Operationsbeginn fiel die Zahl der CD8-positiven Zellen wieder zurück auf das Ausgangsniveau vor Einleitung der Narkose, und die NK-Zellzahl stieg leicht an. Schlußfolgerung: Diese Ergebnisse lassen vermuten, daß Anästhetika einen Einfluß auf die Anzahl und die Funktion der zirkulierenden Immunzellen haben. Hiermit könnten die vorbeschriebenen Störungen des menschlichen Immunsystems nach operativen Eingriffen und Allgemeinnarkose erklärt werden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 19 (1993), S. 1315-1321 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Dufour's gland ; poison gland ; myrmicine ant ; alkanes ; alkenes ; anabaseine ; anabasine ; alkaloids ; Hymenoptera ; Formicidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The Cape harvester ant,Messor capensis (Mayr), is widespread in the more arid regions of southern Africa, where it forms trails many meters long and harvests considerable quantities of seeds. The poison gland contains primarily the alkaloid, anabaseine, with minor amounts of the related alkaloid, anabasine, and an unidentified compound. The Dufour's gland contains predominantly alkanes and alkenes of carbon chain length 12–23.n-Pentadecane is the major component, with lesser amounts ofn-pentadecene,n-tridecane,n-heptadecane,n-tetradecane,n-heneicosene, andn-tricosene. The dienes,n-heneicosadiene andn-tricosadiene are rather unusual components of the Dufour's gland of ants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 3 (1977), S. 657-666 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Pheromones ; bark beetles ; Dendroctonus frontalis ; southern pine beetle ; bioassays ; microbial metabolites ; isoamyl alcohol ; isoamyl acetate ; 2-phenylethanol ; 2-phenylethyl acetate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The two major yeasts isolated from the southern pine beetle,Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmerman, areHansenula holstii Wickerham andPichia pinus (Hoist) Phaff; a third yeast,P. bovis van Uden et do Carmo-Sousa, has been isolated far less frequently. The main volatile metabolites produced by these yeasts are isoamyl alcohol, isoamyl acetate, 2-phenylethanol, and 2-phenylethyl acetate.We have found that certain of these compounds, particularly the esters, can greatly, enhance the attractiveness of a mixture of frontalin:trans-verbenol: turpentine (1:1:12), at certain limiting concentrations, to walking beetles in a laboratory bioassay.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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