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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (4)
  • Skin cancer  (2)
  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1173
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter UV-Schutzfaktor ; Kleidung ; Sonnenschutz ; Prävention ; Key words Fabrics ; Clothes ; Sun protection ; Prevention ; Skin cancer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary A rising incidence worldwide of skin cancer has been observed for years. A high cumulative exposure to UV radiation is a major factor in the development of such neoplasms. Suitable protective measures are therefore becoming increasingly important. Textiles provide simple, effective and medically safe protection against UV radiation. At present, however, in Europe – in contrat to Australia – the UV protection factor (UPF) for summer textiles is not stated. It is a largely unknown fact that by far not all textiles offer sufficient protection. Our goal was to study the factors which determine the UV transmission of fabrics and, based on these findings, to design materials which provide enhanced protection. A spectrophotometric method was used to determine the UV transmission by fabrics made of cotton, silk, polyester and viscose. The UV protection factors of the fabrics were computed on the basis of the transmission data. The UV protection factor is dependent on the type of fibre, yarn and surface design, weight per square metre, moisture content, colour, finishing method and degree of wear. To optimize the UV protection via textiles, a viscose yarn with a low UV transmission was used. This yarn makes it possible to design light-weight summer fabrics with optimized UV protection. This development will make it possible to offer clothing with high UV protection on the European marked. This clothing will not be more expensive than normal products, so that effective prevention should be more available.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Seit Jahren wird ein weltweiter Anstieg der Hautkrebsinzidenz beobachtet. Eine hohe kumulative UV-Strahlenexposition gilt als ein Hauptfaktor für die Entstehung von Neoplasien der Haut. Geeignete Schutzmaßnahmen gewinnen daher zunehmend an Bedeutung. Textilien bieten eine einfachen und effektiven, medizinisch unbedenklichen Schutz vor der UV-Strahlung, doch wird der UV-Schutzfaktor (USF) von Sommertextilien, z.Z. in Europa – im Gegensatz zu Australien – nicht angegeben.Weitgehend unbekannt ist in diesem Zusammenhang, daß bei weitem nicht alle Textilien einen ausreichenden Schutz bieten. Ziel ist, die Faktoren, welche die UV-Durchlässigkeit von Stoffen bestimmen, zu untersuchen und ausgehend von diesen Ergebnissen Materialien mit verbessertem Schutz zu konstruieren. Die UV-Durchlässigkeit wurde an Geweben aus Baumwolle, Seide, Polyester und Viskose mit einer spektralphotometrischen Methode bestimmt. Die UV-Schutzfaktoren der Stoffe wurden aus den Transmissionsdaten berechnet. Anhand der Ergebnisse konnte gezeigt werden, daß UV-Schutzfaktor von der Faserart, der Garn- und Flächenkonstruktion, dem Quadratmetergewicht, dem Feuchtegehalt, der Färbung, der Ausrüstung und der Abnutzung durch den Gebrauch der Stoffe abhängt. Zur Optimierung des UV-Schutzes durch Stoffe wurde erstmals ein Viskosegarn mit einer extrem geringen UV-Durchlässigkeit eingesetzt. Dieses Garn ermöglicht es, leichte Sommerstoffe mit optimiertem UV-Schutz zu konstruieren. Zukünftig wird es damit möglich sein, Kleidung mit einem hohen UV-Schutzfaktor anzubieten. Diese Kleidung wird nicht teurer sein als normale Produkte, so daß eine hohe Effektivität für unsere Präventionsbemühungen erwartet werden kann.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of epidemiology 9 (1993), S. 591-598 
    ISSN: 1573-7284
    Keywords: Malignant melanoma ; Skin cancer ; Epidemiology ; Educational work
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The growing incidence of all kinds of skin cancer is a worldwide phenomenon observed in the last decades. Malignant melanoma is of special concern because of its high death rate when in an advanced stage, poor therapeutic response and fast growing incidence. Malignant melanoma is primarily located on the skin and therefore well suited for early cancer detection. The “Deutsche Dermatologische Gesellschaft” carried out a highly successful information campaign in Germany. Under this roof we organised different campaigns. Following considerable success in a campaign in 1989, a total of 1467 patients were examined and advised in the course of a local initiative (Education Campaign “Black cancer”) in the city of Bochum (∼ 400,000 inhabitants) in the summer of 1991. In addition to full body examinations, important data were collected concerning the degree of knowledge about skin cancer, epidemiology, and the risk of skin cancer in general. As a result of the clinical examinations, 73 patients with strongly suspected skin cancer have been treated. Within this group, 14 malignant melanomas (1.0%) as well as 34 basal cell carcinomas (1.9%) were diagnosed. These numbers highly exceed the assumed risk incidence of skin cancer in Germany. Even on the assumption that the population was selective it is to be feared that a high number of individuals with skin cancer remain undetected and untreated. The majority of persons seeking advice had been motivated by the local media. The response and results of this local campaign indicate that further preventive measures for the general population in Europe are conceivable, meaningful and urgently needed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 54 (1994), S. 1803-1807 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Jute fiber-reinforced polypropylene composites have been produced and characterized in order to investigate the influence of water on their mechanical properties. Being hydrophilic, jute fibers absorb a high amount of water causing swelling of fibers. On the other hand, the thermal shrinkage of polypropylene melt leaves some gaps between jute fibers and matrix material. We investigated whether these gaps could be filled by the swelling of wetted fibers. The fillup of these gaps would result in a higher shear strength between fibers and matrix during fracture. Our results suggest that swelling of jute fibers in a composite material can have positive effects on mechanical properties. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Advanced Materials for Optics and Electronics 1 (1992), S. 25-28 
    ISSN: 1057-9257
    Keywords: Cathodoluminescence ; Cadmium sulphide ; Dislocation structure ; Wavelength imaging ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: By means of the unique technique of cathodoluminescence wavelength imaging we analyse the distribution and nature of dislocations in strain-distorted CdS by scanning the spatial pattern of a set of lines due to excitons bound to dislocation-related defects. The method is demonstrated to be most powerful for the study of dislocations in II-VI and other materials which play a crucial role in hetero-epistructures.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Advanced Materials for Optics and Electronics 3 (1994), S. 11-14 
    ISSN: 1057-9257
    Keywords: Heteroepitaxy ; CdS ; Crystal structure ; Photoluminescence ; Reflection ; Thin films ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: CdS films were prepared by molecular beam epitaxial growth on clean cleaved InP(110) substrates. Films with thicknesses in the 200 nm range were studied by optical techniques: spectroscopic ellipsometry, reflection and photoluminescence. The film thickness and the dielectric function of the films are evaluated from the ellipsometry data. The feature in the imaginary part of the film dielectric function which is induced by the E1 interband transition in CdS is found to be extremely sensitive to the crystal modification. A splitting of this feature occurring at approximately 200 nm indicates a phase transition in the thin films from the cubic to the hexagonal modification. This is confirmed by reflection measurements which show two series of reflection loops for both modifications for film thickness exceeding 200 nm. The energy positions of the free excitons of the hexagonal and cubic modifications are derived. In addition, the band gap for the cubic modification is determined for the first time. The photoluminescence spectra also reveal cubic and hexagonal contribution of donor-acceptor pair recombinations. From the excitonic transitions attempts are made to identify the main impurities in the layers.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Advanced Materials for Optics and Electronics 3 (1994), S. 15-32 
    ISSN: 1057-9257
    Keywords: II-VI materials ; Epitaxial layers ; Excitons ; Dynamics ; Resonant spectroscopy ; Time-resolved spectroscopy ; Shallow impurities ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Excitonic processes in the band edge regime determine the optical properties of II-VI bulk and novel epitaxial materials. The interdependences of excitonic systems (i.e. free and bound excitons), high-density systems (e.g. biexcitons) and the transition into the electron-hole plasma state are of high complexity and depend sensitively on sample quality and purity, dopant concentration, excitation condition and density, etc. Resonant excitation spectroscopy and time-resolved analysis of creation and decay processes provide valuable experimental access to clarification of the above-mentioned mutual interactions. In this paper recent results obtained using these methods are surveyed.In the first part the development of luminescence and resonant excitation of bound exciton systems is treated under various excitation densities, for high excitation levels accompanied by biexciton formation and exciton-exciton collision processes. The specific properties observable when using heteroepitaxial structures instead of conventional bulk samples are discussed.In the second part the time characteristics of excitonic transitions are evaluated for various impurities, dopants and dopant concentrations, excitation via particular resonant excitation channels, and various excitation densities. Relaxation and conversion channels between excitonic systems are analysed, in particular in strained heteroepitaxial systems which show splitting effects of the bands from which the carriers stem. Time-resolved analysis is demonstrated to be extremely helpful for the analysis of unknown excitonic systems and transitions. Methods of varying the characteristic time constants are discussed, in particular with regard to intentional changes in impurity contents and excitation densities which are interesting for any application.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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