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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Thorn-shaped astrocyte ; Glial fibrillary tangles ; Tau ; Astrocyte ; Straight tubules
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Argyrophilic and tau-positive abnormal structures occurring in glial cells are called glial fibrillary tangles. In the astrocyte, a conspicuous tau-positive structure is known to appear in progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). In this report, another type of argyrophilic and tau-positive astrocytes is reported. The morphology of this new type is quite different from that of the previously reported tau-positive astrocyte in PSP and they are designated here as thorn-shaped astrocytes (TSA). TSA have an apparently argyrophilic cytoplasm with a few short processes and often have a small eccentric nucleus, whose appearance resembles that of a reactive astrocyte. Immunohistochemically, TSA are positive to anti-tau antibodies but are negative for ubiquitin. Simultaneous immunostaining revealed the coexistence of tau and glial fibrillary acidic protein epitopes in the same cytoplasm. Electron microscopically, bundles of 15-nm straight tubules were included in the cytoplasm together with abundant glial filaments. In the vicinity of a cluster of TSA, related structures of perivascular or subpial tau-positive linings, which correspond to astrocytic end-feet, are sometimes observed. In almost all cases, a few TSA are generally located in a confined area of subpial and subependymal regions. Although TSA appear to be intimately associated with some diseases, they are also found in a wide range of cytoskeletal disorders including the aged brain with neurofibrillary tangles. TSA are presumed to be a secondarily induced product in relation to astrocytic reaction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Thorn-shaped astrocyte ; Glial fibrillary ; tangles ; Tau ; Astrocyte ; Straight tubules
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Argyrophilic and tau-positive abnormal structures occurring in glial cells are called glial fibrillary tangles. In the astrocyte, a conspicuous tau-positive structure is known to appear in progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). In this report, another type of argyrophilic and tau-positive astrocytes is reported. The morphology of this new type is quite different from that of the previously reported tau-positive astrocyte in PSP and they are designated here as thorn-shaped astrocytes (TSA). TSA have an apparently argyrophilic cytoplasm with a few short processes and often have a small eccentric nucleus, whose appearance resembles that of a reactive astrocyte. Immunohistochemically, TSA are positive to anti-tau antibodies but are negative for ubiquitin. Simultaneous immunostaining revealed the coexistence of tau and glial fibrillary acidic protein epitopes in the same cytoplasm. Electron microscopically, bundles of 15-nm straight tubules were included in the cytoplasm together with abundant glial filaments. In the vicinity of a cluster of TSA, related structures of perivascular or subpial tau-positive linings, which correspond to astrocytic end-feet, are sometimes observed. In almost all cases, a few TSA are generally located in a confined area of subpial and subependymal regions. Although TSA appear to be intimately associated with some diseases, they are also found in a wide range of cytoskeletal disorders including the aged brain with neurofibrillary tangles. TSA are presumed to be a secondarily induced product in relation to astrocytic reaction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 14 (1970), S. 177-184 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: The diffusion of sulphonic acid in nylon 6 was investigated using S-35 as tracer by means of film roll method. The concentration profile of sulphonic acid in nylon shows that the diffusion coefficient is dependent on the concentration in the polymer substrate. The activation energy of diffusion changed at 30°C. The temperature was assigned as glass transition. The concentration dependence of the diffusion coefficient was better described by the chemical potential gradient model than the activity gradient model. The selfdiffusion coefficient at a definite saturation value of amino end group site was constant.
    Notes: Die Diffusion von Schwefelsäure in Nylon 6 wurde mit S-35 als Tracer mittels der Membran-Roll-Methode untersucht. Das Diffusionsprofil in Nylon zeigt, daß der Diffusionskoeffizient der Schwefelsäure konzentrationsabhängig ist. Die Aktivierungsenergie der Diffusion verändert sich bei 30°C. Man kann diese Temperatur der Glasumwandlung zuschreiben. Die Konzentrationsabhängigkeit des Diffusionskoeffizienten stimmt viel besser mit dem chemischen Potential-Modell als mit dem Aktivitätsgradienten-Modell überein. Der Selbstdiffusionskoeffizient bei bestimmtem Sättigungsgrad war konstant.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 178 (1977), S. 2747-2751 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Basel : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie, Rapid Communications 1 (1980), S. 523-526 
    ISSN: 0173-2803
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 17 (1979), S. 517-529 
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A detailed study has been carried out on the new synthetic reaction of poly(p-xylylene carbonate) from potassium carbonate and p-xylylene dibromide by using a variety of crown ethers as a catalyst, which was recently found by the present authors. Crown ethers having 18-member ring showed the best catalytic property of the various crown ethers, and the reaction was conducted in various solvents at 50-160°C by using 18-crown-6-ether. Both the polymer yield and the molecular weight of the polymer increased in proportion to the amount of potassium carbonate, and they increased rapidly and reached constant values with increasing the concentration of 18-crown-6-ether. They also depended significantly upon the reaction temperature as well as the solvent used. A maximum yield with the highest molecular weight was obtained from the reaction at 100-120°C in diglyme solvent. The spectroscopic analysis of the polymer indicated that all the end groups of the resulting polymer had the structure of benzyl bromide. From these results, a plausible mechanism was proposed for the reaction. Similar reactions were also conducted by using several aliphatic dibromides, Br—(CH2)x—Br, in place of p-xylylene dibromide. The products were strongly dependent of the value of x: polycarbonate was obtained from dibromides with ≧4, and cyclic carbonates from dibromides with ≦3.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Letters Edition 15 (1977), S. 611-614 
    ISSN: 0360-6384
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 16 (1978), S. 2393-2402 
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: From the analysis of the permeation of 35S labeled ethanesulfonic acid, through nylon-6 films sorption isotherms were obtained. The films are characterized by their largely different content of carboxyl and amino end groups. It was found that the shape of the isotherm depends on the molar ratio of the two end groups: an S-shape curve for the film containing the carboxyl end group larger than the amino end group and a Langmuir-type curve for the film containing comparable numbers of end groups. These results were explained by the McGregor-Harris theory in which the acid dissociation constants of the two end groups in nylon were estimated experimentally.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Letters Edition 17 (1979), S. 195-201 
    ISSN: 0360-6384
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-1: Polymer Chemistry 4 (1966), S. 1011-1021 
    ISSN: 0449-296X
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Various samples of irregularly deuterated polyethylene were prepared and their infrared spectra were studied. The results support the previously proposed view that poly-trans-CHD=CHD or -cis-CHD=CHD obtained with Al(i-Bu)3-TiCl4 is an irregularly deuterated chain consisting of the CH2, CHD, and CD2 groups. A simplified calculation of the CHD scissors and CDH rocking vibration frequencies has been made for various model chains. The assignments of the CDH rocking vibration bands in the region of 700-500 cm.-1 have been given on this basis.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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