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  • 1
    ISSN: 1437-2320
    Keywords: Key words Focal cerebral ischemia ; Programmed neuronal death ; Nimodipine ; Mannitol ; Cerebroprotection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of nimodipine and mannitol on infarct size and on the amount of apoptosis after transient focal cerebral ischemia. Focal cerebral ischemia was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats (weight 300–380 g) by transient occlusion of the right middle cerebral artery (MCAO) using an intraluminal thread model. All animals underwent ischemia for 2 h, followed by 24 h of reperfusion. Group I (n=16) was untreated. Group II (n=16) received 15% mannitol (1 g/kg as bolus) and group III (n=9) received 15 µg/kg/h nimodipine intravenously beginning 15 min prior to MCAO. Twenty-four hours after reperfusion, the brain was taken and sectioned in coronal slices. The slices were stained with H&E and with the transferase dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) technique. Histopathological analysis revealed a significant (P〈0.05) decrease in infarct size in the striatum with both drugs: mannitol (group II) 25.4±5.9% and nimodipine (group III) 21.5±11.0% versus control (group I) 34.9±7.0% and in the cortex 2.7±2.0% (group II) and 6.3±2.4% (group III) versus control 14.4±9.0% (group I). The number of apoptotic cells was statistically lower in the therapy groups (group III 9.6, group II 25.8) versus control (group I 57.9) (Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon U-test Z〉1.96, P〈0.05). This study indicates that mannitol and nimodipine provide neuroprotection by preventing both the necrotic and apoptotic components of cell death after transient focal cerebral ischemia and may be effective as neuroprotective drugs for cerebrovascular surgery.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Nervenarzt 68 (1997), S. 459-465 
    ISSN: 1433-0407
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Neuroendoskopie ; Ventrikulostomie ; Verschlußhydrocephalus ; Arachnoidalzysten ; Syringomyelie ; Key words Neuroendoscopy ; 3rd ventriculostomy ; Non-communicating hydrocephalus ; Arachnoid cyst ; Syringomyelia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The trend in recent neurosurgery is going toward further reduction of invasiveness and avoidance of traumatization of the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves to reduce the risk of neurological and mental deficit. In this way, the duration of hospital stay and disablement can be shortened. An important „minimally invasive” technique is neuroendoscopy. The ventricular system and the sub- arachnoid space of the brain give suitable conditions for the use of an endoscope. Non-communicating hydrocephalus is the most frequent indication for an endoscopic ap- proach. However, arachnoid cysts, cystic tumors, and intraventricular lesions may also effectively be treated with an endoscope. Using special instruments, laser devices, and bipolar diathermy, even highly vascularized lesions, such as cavernomas, may be completely resected. Moreover, endoscopes are used in the treatment of various spinal diseases and carpal tunnel syndrome, as well as in endoscopy-assisted microsurgery.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Auch in der Neurochirurgie geht der Trend zu immer weniger invasiven Operationstechniken, um große Trepanationen zu vermeiden, die präparative Traumatisierung von Hirn, Rückenmark und Nerven zu minimieren und damit das Risiko neurologischer und psychischer Störungen so gering wie möglich zu halten. Der Krankenhausaufenthalt und die Arbeitsunfähigkeit können so häufig verkürzt werden. Wesentliches „minimal invasives” Verfahren ist die Neuroendoskopie. Das Gehirn bietet mit seinen präformierten Hohlräumen, den Hirnkammern und dem Subarachnoidalraum gute Voraussetzungen für den Einsatz des Endoskopes. Die häufigste Indikation für einen neuroendoskopischen Eingriff stellt der Verschlußhydrozephalus dar. Aber auch Arachnoidalzysten, zystische Tumoren und kleinere intraventrikuläre Raumforderungen können effektiv endoskopisch über ein kleines Bohrloch behandelt werden. Durch Einsatz spezieller Instrumente, Laser und bipolarer Elektroden können selbst stark vaskularisierte Prozesse, z.B. Kavernome, komplett entfernt werden. Daneben werden Endoskope auch bei einer Reihe von spinalen Erkrankungen und dem Karpaltunnelsyndrom sowie adjuvant bei der mikrochirurgischen Operation eingesetzt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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