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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The orbital venous plexus as a sampling site for coagulation testing: The continuing saga (1994)
    Springer
    Comparative clinical pathology 4 (1994), S. 236-238 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-2981
    Schlagwort(e): Blood coagulation ; Blood specimen collection ; Rats
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Papers have recently been published regarding the acceptability of samples obtained from the orbital venous plexus for coagulation testing (Dameron et al. 1992; Edwards and Fuller 1993; Matsuzawa et al. 1994; Salemink et al. 1994). Meetings of the committee for International Harmonisation for Clinical Pathology Testing (IHCPT) have highlighted the concerns of sampling from the orbital venous plexus (OVP), both ethical considerations and validity of data. In response to a letter to the editor (Weingand, 1994) and to enable informed and objective discussion of this topic, this paper presents coagulation data on samples obtained from the OVP, collected by several pharmaceutical companies using a variety of systems.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00185180
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effect of bleeding site on coagulation results in the Charles river outbred albino SD rat (1992)
    Springer
    Comparative clinical pathology 3 (1992), S. 40-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-2981
    Schlagwort(e): Blood coagulation ; Blood specimen collection ; Rats
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The UK Home Office currently advises that the amount of blood to be taken during a toxicology study is limited to 15% of an animal's blood volume (equivalent to approximately 1 ml per 100 g of the animal's bodyweight) in a 28 day period. At SmithKline Beecham, blood samples for routine haemtology and clinical chemistry analyses during a study have been obtained from the orbital sinus (OS). Adequate samples can be obtained for all routine assays with the exception of coagulation tests, and the possibility has been investigated of taking terminal coagulation samples from the posterior vena cava (PVC) as part of the post-mortem procedures, and compared the prothrombin (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin (APTT) times obtained on blood samples from each source. There was no biologically significant difference between samples taken from OS and PVC.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00394926
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Antiemetic specificity of dopamine antagonists (1982)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 78 (1982), S. 210-213 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Schlagwort(e): Neuroleptics ; Antiemetics ; Antiemetic specificity ; Dogs ; Rats
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Twelve antagonists of apomorphine-induced emesis in dogs were studied in different tests to evaluate their antiemetic specificity. Ten of these antagonists were neuroleptics: benzquinamide, clebopride, bromopride, prochlorperazine, haloperidol, chlorpromazine, thiethylperazine, metoclopramide, droperidol, and pimozide blocked conditioned responding in dogs and apomorphine-induced stereotyped behavior in rats. The use of these compounds as anti-emetics entails a risk of neurological side effects. Metopimazine and domperidone were devoid of neuroleptic activity. Metopimazine, however, showed potent α-adrenergic blocking activity, showed histamine H1 antagonism, and induced palpebral ptosis. Therapeutic doses of metopimazine are, therefore, likely to produce sedation and side-effects related to autonomic blockade. Domperidone showed potent antiemetic activity and, up to high doses, no other central or peripheral effects. Therefore, domperidone is the only specific antiemetic known.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00428152
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    2,4-Difluoroaniline and 4-fluoroaniline exposure: monitoring by methaemoglobin and urine analyses (1984)
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 54 (1984), S. 223-232 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Schlagwort(e): 2,4-difluoroaniline ; 4-fluoroaniline ; Exposure monitoring ; Rats ; Urine ; Blood ; Metabolites
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Two possible methods for monitoring exposure to 2,4-difluoroaniline and 4-fluoroaniline have been investigated: measurement of methaemoglobin content in blood and measurement of urinary metabolites. Experiments using rats dosed by the oral route as a model system show that measurement of methaemoglobin content provides a very rapid and simple monitoring method, but is not very sensitive. Measurement of the ortho-hydroxy metabolites of the two compounds, as their benzoxazole derivatives, provides a much more sensitive, but complicated technique. Details of both methods are presented.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00379051
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Behavioural activity of rats measured by a new method based on the piezo-electric principle (1987)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 93 (1987), S. 382-388 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Schlagwort(e): Motor activity ; Locomotion ; Behaviour ; Methods ; Haloperidol ; Apomorphine ; Amphetamine ; Rats
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Spontaneous and drug-induced (haloperidol, apomorphine, and amphetamine) motor activity of rats was measured simultaneously via two distinct and independent methods: the classical optical scanning technique and a new procedure based on the piezo-electric principle. The latter procedure measured animal-induced mechanical vibrations of a flexible cage floor which were transduced into electric signals via piezo-electricity. The piezo method appeared to be relatively more sensitive in recording the small, stereotyped motor movements induced by apomorpine (0.63–≧10 mg/kg) and high doses of amphetamine (2.5–≧20 mg/kg). The optical scanning technique, on the other hand, was more sensitive in recording horizontal displacements across the cage such as induced by low doses of amphetamine (0.31–2.5 mg/kg). Both methods showed comparable sensitivity in recording the depression of behaviour induced by haloperidol (0.04–≧1.25 mg/kg) or low doses of apomorphine (0.04–0.16 mg/kg). The piezo method may complement the optical scanning procedure, and thereby enhance the information on the extent that test compounds modify animal behaviour.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00187261
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A new motility meter based on the Doppler principle (1979)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 64 (1979), S. 333-336 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Schlagwort(e): Motility meter ; Haloperidol ; d,l-Amphetamine ; Rats
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract A new motility meter for recording the locomotor activity of small laboratory animals is described in detail. The equipment is designed to record simultaneously, but independently, the motility of eight animals (or groups of animals) in separate cages. The functional mechanism is an application of the wellknown Doppler principle. The use of electromagnetic waves presents the important advantages of contactless detection and freedom from interference of external stimuli with spontaneous activity; both horizontal and vertical components of movement are registered. To test the equipment, motility was studied in rats treated with saline, haloperidol, d,l-amphetamine, and the combination of haloperidol and d,l-amphetamine. Motility, as measured with the Doppler motility meter, proved to be very sensitive to drug-effects.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00427520
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The influence of various neuroleptic drugs on shock avoidance responding in rats (1970)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 17 (1970), S. 151-159 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Schlagwort(e): Amphetamine ; Conditioning ; Neuroleptics ; Rats
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The inhibitory effects of four neuroleptic drugs on amphetamineinduced stimulation in a discriminated Sidman avoidance procedure in rats were measured. Amphetamine 0.63 mg/kg s.c. increased R (responses) and decreased W (warning stimuli), WR (warning responses) and S (shocks). Relatively low doses of all four neuroleptics antagonized the amphetamineinduced changes. The order of potency was haloperidol 〉 pimozide 〉 chlorpromazine 〉 pipamperone. The duration of action was pimozide 〉 haloperidol 〉 pipamperone 〉 chlorpromazine. Haloperidol, pimozide and pipamperone restored the amphetamine-induced changes to the initial control levels in the order: S, W, WR and R. With chlorpromazine this order was reversed, except for R. The different pharmacological profiles of haloperidol, pimozide and pipamperone are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00402705
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Intracranial self-stimulation in rats as a function of various stimulus parameters (1973)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 30 (1973), S. 163-172 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Schlagwort(e): Apomorphine ; Rats ; Self-Stimulation ; Medial Forebrain Bundle ; Monopolar Electrodes ; Various Stimulus Parameter Combinations
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The effects of different subcutaneous doses (0.08, 0.16, 0.31, 0.63 and 1.25 mg/kg) of apomorphine on self-stimulation in rats, with monopolar nichrome electrodes, implanted in the medial forebrain bundle at the level of the lateral hypothalamus were studied. Six different selected stimulus parameter combinations inducing different predictable response rates were used. Apomorphine was found to produce a dose-related response stimulation and a dose-related response depression. The highest stimulation was obtained at 0.63 mg/kg, the highest depression at 1.25 mg/kg. The response stimulation with apomorphine was 1. inversely related to the control response rate, i.e. the higher the control response rate, the lower the response stimulation after apomorphine and vice versa, 2. directly related to the control response rate of the individual rats, i.e. the highest response stimulation was obtained with the most sensitive rat and vice versa. The response inhibition with apomorphine was not related to the control response rates but was more pronounced during the first 1/2 h of the session. It is postulated that 1. increased self-stimulation with apomorphine could be the result of an increased motor response output; 2. decreased self-stimulation with apomorphine could be due to non-adaptive behaviour as a result of non-physiological overexcitation with interruption of integrated behaviour; 3. a complex behavioural pattern like intracranial self-stimulation depends on different interacting systems, mediated by different transmitters.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00421431
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Intracranial self-stimulation in rats as a function of various stimulus parameters (1972)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 27 (1972), S. 191-202 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Schlagwort(e): Neuroleptics ; Rats ; Self-Stimulation ; Medial Forebrain ; Bundle ; Monopolar Electrodes ; Various Stimulus Parameter Combinations
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Haloperidol, pimozide and pipamperone, three neuroleptics each with a different pharmacological and clinical profile were injected in rats with monopolar nichrome electrodes implanted in the medial forebrain bundle at the level of the lateral hypothalamus. Six different selected stimulus parameter combinations were used, two producing a predictable low response rate, two a predictable high response rate and two a response rate varying from low to high and less predictable. Each rat received four doses of the three compounds. A dose-related inhibition was found with all compounds in all rats and at all stimulus parameter combinations. The ED50's estimated graphically for the three compounds are: haloperidol: 0.055 mg/kg, pimozide: 0.220 mg/kg and pipamperone: 19.8 mg/kg. Overall drug effects indicate an inverse log-normal linear relationship between the quantitity of charge and the percentage of inhibition in response rate. This corresponds with a high inhibition at low response rates and vice versa, except that stimulus parameter combinations with lower frequencies are somewhat more sensitive to drug effects than those with higher frequencies. At the highest doses of the three compounds an almost equally high inhibition rate for all stimulus parameter combinations is obtained. The results obtained with neuroleptics in self-stimulation are compared to those obtained with different learned behavioural reactions and it is assumed that neuroleptics interfere with a general system involved in the output of stereotyped learned behaviour.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00422799
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The influence of various neuroleptic drugs on noise escape response in rats (1970)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 18 (1970), S. 249-259 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Schlagwort(e): Neuroleptics ; Rats ; Trained ; Noise Escape ; Shuttle Box
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The effects of twenty neuroleptic drugs on noise escape behavior were studied in rats trained to interrupt an aversive noise (95 decibels recycling every 20 sec) by jumping, in a shuttle box, from one compartment into the other. All twenty drugs prolonged the latency (T) and reduced the frequency (F) of the noise escape response rate. Under the described experimental conditions, the order of potency of the 20 neuroleptics studied was: spiroperidol 〉 spirilene ⩾ trifluperidol 〉 benperidol 〉 droperidol 〉 spiramide 〉 clofluperol ⩾ moperone 〉 perphenazine 〉 haloperidol ⩾ fluphenazine 〉 amiperone 〉 trifluperazine 〉 pimozide 〉 thioperazine 〉 triflupromazine ⩾ fluanisone 〉 chlorpromazine 〉 pipamperone 〉 thioridazine. For all compounds tested, T was more sensitive to drug effect than F. Using the F 45/T 900 ratio, the order of specificity of the compounds studied was: pimozide 〉 benperidol ⩾ spirilene ⩾ clofluperol 〉 trifluperidol ⩾ haloperidol ⩾ fluphenazine ⩾ spiroperidol = perphenazine ⩾ moperone = trifluperazine = thioperazine ⩾ spiramide 〉 amiperone ⩾ droperidol 〉 triflupromazine ⩾ chlorpromazine ⩾ fluanisone 〉 thioridazine ⩾ pipamperone. As far as potency was concerned, there was a good correlation (r=0.974) between the F 900-values of the noise escape test and the ED50-values in the nondiscriminated Sidman avoidance test in rats and, as far as sedative properties were concerned, between the F 45/T 900 ratio and the palpebral ptosis/catalepsy ratio (r = −0.960) of the observation test in rats.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00412671
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