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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Macromolecules 25 (1992), S. 1003-1003 
    ISSN: 1520-5835
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Diseases of the colon & rectum 37 (1994), S. 235-242 
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Keywords: Anal endosonography ; Anal sphincters ; Fecal incontinence ; Pelvic floor musculature ; Anal manometry ; Pelvic anatomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract PURPOSE: This study investigates the normal ultrasono graphic morphology of pelvic floor striated muscle and evaluates whether there are differences between males and females and between healthy subjects and patients with idiopathic fecal incontinence. METHODS: Manometric and ultrasonographic studies of the anal canal were performed in 30 healthy volunteers and in 26 patients with idiopathic fecal incontinence. Verification of ultrasonographic findings was obtained by studying anatomic preparations. RESULTS: Ultrasonography reliably identified the internal and external anal sphincter and frequently visualized neighboring structures. In addition, it detected muscular structures that have not clearly been described previously. However, differences in external sphincter function between males and females and between healthy subjects and incontinent patients were not reflected by alterations in muscle thickness. CONCLUSIONS: Endosonography of the anal canal clearly delineates muscular structures and may even visualize structures that have been previously incompletely defined. However, it remains to be shown that differences in certain muscular functions have a morphologic correlate that can be detected by endosonography.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Basel : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie, Theory and Simulations 2 (1993), S. 673-684 
    ISSN: 1018-5054
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: It is the aim of this work to develop analytical force field expressions that can be rapidly evaluated by computers. The new expressions approximate the energy hypersurfaces as described by the usual force fields. The energies and the derivatives of the energy expressions, i. e. the forces acting on the atoms, in most cases can be very quickly calculated as functions of one squared distance of two atoms per interaction, avoiding slow operations like cosine, square root etc. Formulae and algorithms are given to calculate the parameters needed from those of the AMBER force field.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 192 (1991), S. 1667-1678 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The expression “stiffness” of a polymer chain is shown to be ambiguous, and the use of the word “rectilinearity” is proposed to replace it in certain contexts. The influence of non-uniform curvature on Kuhn length and mean-square end-to-end distance of (co)polymers is studied using the frameworks of the freely-rotating-chain model and the Porod-Kratky model. It is shown that every fluctuation around the given mean curvature of a chain increases its overall rectilinearity. Specifically, it is concluded that the rectilinearity increases with increasing fluctuation magnitude and with increasing separation of the different curvatures along the chain, i. e., it becomes greater in the order: alternating, random and block copolymer.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Complex Cation [(AnH)3(H2O)2]3+ in Trianilinium-tri-μ-chloro-nonachloro-trirhenate(III)-dihydrate, (AnH)3[Re3(μ-Cl3)Cl9] · 2 H2ODark red single crystals of trianilinium-tri-μ-chloro-nonachloro-trirhenate(III)-dihydrate grow from hydrochloric acid solutions of “ReCl3 · 2 H2O” and anilinium hydrochloride. An important feature of the crystal structure (monoclinic, P21/a, Z = 4, a = 1595.98(12), b = 1594.53(11), c = 1319.65 (9) pm, β = 100.20(1)°, Vm = 497.68(1) cm3 mol-1) are complex cations of the composition [(AnH)3(H2O)2]3+. The N—O- and O—O-distances in the hydrogen bonded cation [(AnH)3(H2O)2]3+ are 281 to 289 pm and 287, respectively. The cationic layers build up corrugated layers parallel (010) and leave two channels in the [010] direction per unit cell into which the anionic clusters, [Re3Cl12]3-, are embedded.
    Notes: Dunkelrote Einkristalle von Trianilinium-tri-μ-chloro-nonachloro-tri-rhenat(III)-dihydrat erhält man aus salzsauren Lösungen von „ReCl3 · 2 H2O“ und Aniliniumhydrochlorid. In der Kristallstruktur (monoklin, P21/a, Z = 4, a = 1595,98(12), b = 1594,53(11), c = 1319,65(9) pm, β = 100,20(1)°, Vm = 497,68(1) cm3 mol-1) sind drei Aniliniumkationen und zwei Wassermoleküle über Wasserstoff-Brückenbindungen zu einem komplexen Kation [(AnH)3(H2O)2]3+ verbunden. Innerhalb dieser Baugruppe findet man N—O-Bindungsabstände zwischen 281 und 289 pm sowie einen O—O-Abstand von 287 pm. Die komplexen Kationen [(AnH)3(H2O)2]3+ sind parallel (010) zu gewellten Schichten angeordnet, die je Elementarzelle zwei Kanäle in Richtung [010] freilassen, in die die Anionen [Re3Cl12]3- eingebettet sind.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Macromolecular Theory and Simulations 5 (1996), S. 829-835 
    ISSN: 1022-1344
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: It is shown that the recently developed scaling theory for the second virial coefficient, A2, of dilute solutions of polymers with non-uniform molecular weight distributions in a good solvent is able to explain in principle all seemingly contradictory observations reported in the literature, in contrast to all other theories proposed so far.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Macromolecular Theory and Simulations 5 (1996), S. 947-956 
    ISSN: 1022-1344
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Molecular dynamic (MD) simulations based on two different force fields, CVFF and CFF91, were carried out in order to check their feasibility for the structural investigation of the wool intermediate filament (IF) monomeric unit. Selecting an ideal α-helix as start conformation, all MD-simulations with CVFF in vaccum show the α-helix to be unstable. Independently of the amino acid sequence of the α-helix, a new helical structure with a larger diameter arises during the MD-simulation, due to a shift of the intrahelical hydrogen bonds. However in simulations with surrounding water the α-helix remains stable throughout the simulations with the CVFF force field. In contrast to this, MD-simulations in vaccume based on the CFF91 force field are able to determine different stabilities for the α-helical start conformation of various IF-segments, that agree well with secondary structure predictions. The simulation results obtained with CFF91 in vacuum can like wise be verified using an explicit water environment. We found that higher partial charges attributed to the atoms of the amide groups that form the intrahelical hydrogen bonds are the reason for the superiority of the CFF91 force field.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics 199 (1998), S. 710-710 
    ISSN: 1022-1352
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Macromolecular Theory and Simulations 4 (1995), S. 655-666 
    ISSN: 1022-1344
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: This investigation shows that Markov-chain copolymers can be regarded as random copolymers the segment lengths of which depend on the copolymerization parameters. It was possible to derive simple analytical formulae for the mean-square end-to-end distance (〈r2〉), the Kuhn length, and the distribution of r2 under theta-conditions. The results of these equations are in excellent agreement with data from simulations. It is shown that 〈r2〉 as well as the non-uniformity of r2 increase strongly with increasing probabilities of homopropagation, i.e., with increasing mean homosequence lengths. Furthermore it is demonstrated by simulation that even chains of identical length and composition show a distribution of r2 because of different arrangements of the sequences inside the chains. For chains or chain segments shorter than the average homosequences, a double-peak distribution of r2 is found. The equations derived in this paper can be applied to real copolymers as well as to chains the curvature of which is altered locally by the association of ligands.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1022-1344
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A parallel algorithm is developed that allows efficient Langevin-dynamics simulations of macromolecular coils, which is the usual structure of synthetic polymers in solution and in bulk. Contrary to usual so-called spatial decomposition algorithms, we map the one-dimensional topology of the chain molecule on the parallel computer. The speedup of the algorithm is measured on different multi-processor systems. The reliability of the parallel calculations is shown by comparison with sequential simulations.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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