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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Tetrahydropapaveroline Derivatives ; Amine/Aldehyde Condensation ; Monoamine Oxidase ; β-Sympathomimetics ; Tetrahydropapaverolinderivate ; Amin/Aldehyd-Kondensation ; Monoaminoxydase ; β-Sympathicomimetica
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 1. Bei der Inkubation von Monoaminoxydase-haltigen Präparationen (Mitochondrien aus Meerschweinchenleber) mit den blutdrucksteigernden Aminen α-Methyldopamin und Tyramin entsteht eine blutdrucksenkende (Ratte, Katze) und am Herzvorhof (Meerschweinchen) positiv inotrop wirkende Substanz. Das β-Sympathicolyticum Pronethalol antagonisierte beide Wirkungen kompetitiv. 2. Das säulenchromatographisch isolierte β-Sympathicomimeticum erwies sich als ein Kondensationsprodukt aus α-Methyldopamin und dem durch oxydative Desaminierung von Tyramin in den Inkubaten entstandenen p-Hydroxyphenylacetaldehyd. Es war identisch mit dem aus synthetisch hergestelltem p-Hydroxyphenylacetaldehyd (Hydraminspaltung von Synephrin) durch Kondensation mit α-Methyldopamin erhaltenen 3′-Desoxy-3-methyl-tetrahydropapaverolin (DM-THP). Der Identitätsbeweis wurde mit chromatographischen, infrarot-spektrometrischen und pharmakologischen Methoden geführt. 3. DM-THP war am Herzvorhof etwa 6mal, am Blutdruck etwa 100mal schwächer β-adrenergisch wirksam als Tetrahydropapaverolin, das in analoger Weise durch Kondensation von Dopamin mit 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyd entsteht. 4. Beziehungen zwischen chemischer Konstitution und β-sympathicomimetischer Wirksamkeit werden diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary 1. A substance which lowered the blood pressure of the rat and the cat and had an inotropic action on the guinea pig auricle was formed when monoamine oxidase preparations (mitochondria from guinea pig liver) were incubated with the pressor amines α-methyldopamine and tyramine. Both actions were competetively antagonised by the β-receptor blocking drug pronethalol. 2. The compound which acts on β-receptors was isolated from the incubates (column chromatography) and found to be formed from α-methyldopamine by condensation with p-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde, the aldehyde formed from tyramine by oxidative deamination. The condensation product proved to be identical with synthetic 3′-deoxy-3-methyl-tetrahydropapaveroline (DM-THP) obtained from α-methyldopamine by interaction with authentic p-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde. The aldehyde was synthesized from synephrine by hydramine cleavage. The identification was made by means of chromatographic, infrared spectrometric and pharmacological methods. 3. When compared with tetrahydropapaveroline, DM-THP was 6 times weaker in its inotropic action and 100 times weaker as a hypotensive agent. 4. The relationship between chemical configuration and β-receptor stimulating activity was discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 23 (1982), S. 15-20 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: amezinium ; sympathomimetic effects ; catecholamines ; echocardiography ; systolic time intervals ; orthostatic stress ; inhibition of noradrenaline uptake
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The cardiovascular effects of the sympathomimetic agent amezinium were investigated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial in six volunteers. Before and 2 h after oral administration of amezinium 30 mg or placebo the cardiovascular responses to orthostatic stress, induced by 80° passive head-up tilt, were assessed by recording blood pressure, systolic time intervals, and echocardiogram. Plasma catecholamines were also determined. After amezinium treatment, the average supine systolic blood pressure was increased by +30 mm Hg and after tilting it remained above both the pre-treatment and placebo values. Compared to placebo, amezinium elicited only minor changes in heart rate and diastolic blood pressure. The effect of amezinium on the pre-ejection period corrected for heart rate (PEPc) and mean velocity of fiber shortening (VCFmean) indicated positive inotropic properties. Its effects were distinctly more pronounced during tilt than with the subjects supine. Plasma concentrations of noradrenaline and adrenaline were not influenced by amezinium during rest or tilt. From these results and previous research it is concluded that amezinium induces its sympathomimetic effects by preferentially inhibiting the re-uptake of noradrenaline which is released by the drug itself, or by sympathetic activation during tilt. This mechanism of action might explain the pronounced sympathomimetic effects of the drug, especially during orthostatic stress.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Prenylamine in man ; catecholamines ; urinary metabolites ; cardiovascular effects ; directly and indirectly acting sympathomimetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of prenylamine on the cardiovascular effects of intravenously infused directly and indirectly acting sympathomimetic amines was investigated in 5 healthy volunteers. — 1. After oral administration of 180 mg/day prenylamine for 9 days, the pressor effect of the indirect sympathomimetic tyramine (3 mg/min over 6 min) was markedly diminished. — 2. Under the same experimental conditions the rise in blood pressure after i.v. infusion of 15 µg/min noradrenaline and 30 µg/min adrenaline, resp., for 6 min, was significantly increased. — 3. Treatment for 9 days with prenylamine produced a relative prolongation of the pressor effects of noradrenaline and adrenaline. Prolongation of the pressor action of the indirectly acting sympathomimetic tyramine was also observed despite a diminution in its maximum pressor effect. — 4. The urinary excretion of catecholamines (noradrenaline plus adrenaline) and their 0-methylated derivatives was significantly enhanced during the administration of prenylamine. Excretion of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol decreased, whereas vanilmandelic acid and 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid excretion were not significantly affected. — 5. These results are compatible with the assumption that prenylamine in therapeutic doses interferes mainly with the sympathomimetic amine transport mechanisms located in the cytoplasmic membranes of sympathetic nerves and other cells. Our results do not support the assumption of a reserpine-like action of this drug in man.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 259 (1968), S. 290-306 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Papaverine Derivatives ; Tetrahydropapaveroline Derivatives ; β-sympathomimetic action ; Spasmolytic Action ; Cardiovascular Actions ; Papaverinderivate ; Tetrahydropapaverolinderivate ; β-sympathicomimetische Wirkung ; Spasmolytische Wirkung ; kardiovasculäre Wirkungen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In früheren Untersuchungen hatte Tetrahydropapaverolin (THP), das sich chemisch von dem „musculotropen“ Papaverin durch Demethylierung der Methoxygruppen und Hydrierung des N-haltigen Rings unterscheidet, sich als sehr wirksames β-Sympathicomimeticum erwiesen. Untersuchungen über Beziehungen zwischen chemischer Konstitution und β-sympathicomimetischer Wirksamkeit von Derivaten des THP und Papaverins am Blutdruck der Katze und am elektrisch gereizten linken Vorhof des Meerschweinchenherzens haben ergeben: 1. Die blutdrucksenkende Wirkung sowohl des Papaverins als auch seines partiell demethylierten (3′,4′-Desmethylpapaverin) und hydrierten Derivates (Tetrahydropapaverin) war, im Gegensatz zu derjenigen des THP, resistent gegen Propranolol. Das vollständig demethylierte Derivat (Papaverolin) war wirkungslos. Demgegenüber erwies sich die positiv inotrope Herzwirkung des Papaverins als eine direkte, β-sympathicomimetische. Sie blieb nach Reserpinvorbehandlung bestehen und wurde durch Pronethalol kompetitiv abgeschwächt. 3′,4′-Desmethylpapaverin und Papaverolin waren schwächer wirksam als Papaverin. Tetrahydropapaverin wirkte nur negativ inotrop. Diese allen Papaverinderivaten zukommende chinidinartige Wirkungskomponente könnte die Ursache für ihre niedrige β-adrenergische „intrinsic activity“ (0,6) sein. 2. Alle chemischen Eingriffe in das Molekül des THP, z. B. Alkylierung an C3 oder am Stickstoff sowie Dehydroxylierung an C3′ und C4′, führten zu einer Abschwächung der β-sympathicomimetischen Wirksamkeit am Herz und am Blutdruck. Eine, auch dem THP wahrscheinlich zukommende, jedoch durch die ausgeprägte β-sympathicomimetische Wirksamkeit überdeckte α-sympathicomimetische, blutdrucksteigernde Wirkung trat jetzt in Erscheinung. 3. THP, sozusagen ein dimeres Dopamin, besitzt von allen untersuchten Papaverinderivaten die für die Ausübung β-sympathicomimetischer Wirkungen optimale chemische Konfiguration. Ein großmolekularer Phenyläthyl-Substituent am Stickstoff verursacht maximale Aktivierung der sekundären Aminogruppe (+ I-Effekt). Zusammen mit den vier freien phenolischen OH-Gruppen verleiht er dem Molekül die hohe Affinität zu den adrenergischen β-Receptoren.
    Notes: Summary Previous investigations have shown that tetrahydropapaveroline (THP)—a demethylated and hydrogenated derivative of the “musculotropic” papaverine—is a potent β-sympathomimetic compound. Experiments concerning the relationship between chemical structure and sympathomimetic activity of THP- and papaverine-derivatives, performed on the blood pressure of the cat and on the electrically driven left auricle of the guinea-pig heart, had the following results: 1. The blood pressure lowering action of papaverine as well as that of its partially demethylated (3′,4′-demethylpapaverine) and hydrogenated derivative C tetrahydropapaverine)—in contrast to the depressor action of THP—was resistant against the β-sympatholytic agent propranolol. The completely demethylated derivative (papaveroline) was inactive. However, the positive inotropic action on the heart of papaverine was a direct β-sympathomimetic effect: Pretreatment with reserpine had no influence and pronethalol exerted a competitive inhibition. 3′,4′-demethylpapaverine and papaveroline were less active than papaverine. Tetrahydropapaverine had only a negative inotropic effect. The quinidine like action shared by these papaverine derivatives may explain their low β-adrenergic “intrinsic activity” (0,6). 2. Modification of the chemical structure of the THP-molecule, e.g. alkylation in C3 or in the secondary amino group as well as dehydroxylation in C3′ and C4′, weakened the β-sympathomimetic activity on heart and blood pressure. Simultaneously, an α-sympathomimetic pressor action occurred which might be inherent also to THP itself. 3. THP, which may be considered as a dimere of dopamine has an optimum chemical structure to exert β-sympathomimetic actions among all papaverine derivatives investigated. By substitution with a bulky phenyl-ethylamine moiety the secondary amino group is maximally activated (+ I-effect). Thereby, and—additionally—by the 4 free phenolic OH-groups the THP-molecule gains its high affinity for the adrenergic β-receptor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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