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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Idiopathic haemochromatosis ; diabetes ; glucagon secretion ; arginine infusion ; oral glucose tolerance test
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The aim of the present investigation was to determine in patients with idiopathic haemochromatosis whether diabetes is of the primary type or secondary to pancreatic injury due to iron deposition. For this purpose, plasma glucagon concentrations were determined following arginine infusion or an oral glucose load in eight patients with diabetes and idiopathic haemochromatosis. The enhanced glucagon response to arginine and the nonsuppressibility of glucagon secretion by oral glucose found in these patients were similar to the results found in the same tests performed in our previous series of patients with “idiopathic” diabetes and at variance with those reported by others in patients with chronic pancreatitis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Biguanide ; butylbiguanide ; diabetes ; free fatty acids ; glucagon ; glucose ; insulin ; management ; stable isotopes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of a 14 day-administration of butylbiguanide was investigated in a group of 10 obese patients with mild-to-moderate glucose intolerance. Glucose tolerance was significantly improved, while fasting blood glucose and plasma levels of free fatty acids, insulin and glucagon remained unchanged. The estimation of the amount of the oral glucose load oxidized into CO2 was performed by means of a recently described procedure using “naturally labelled 13C-glucose” as tracer. The curves depicting the oxidation of the exogenous glucose load were similar in shape and magnitude before and after administration of the biguanide; in the latter case, however, slightly higher rates of oxidation of exogenous glucose were recorded during the 2nd, 3rd and 4th hours of the test. These data do not provide evidence that the biguanide-induced improvement in glucose tolerance in patients with mild-to-moderate glucose intolerance is associated with any inhibiting or delaying effect of this type of drug on intestinal absorption (and subsequent oxidation) of the exogenous glucose load. On the contrary, a slight, but statistically significant, increase in the oxidation of exogenous glucose has been observed after butylbiguanide.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Acarbose ; diabetes ; insulin dependent diabetes ; metabolic control
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Acarbose, an α-glucosidase inhibitor, delays starch digestion and inhibits intestinal sucrase and maltase activity. Twenty-eight insulin dependent diabetics were given Acarbose (3×100 mg daily) over a two month period, preceded and followed by a two month placebo period. Acarbose reduced post-break-fast and post-dinner blood glucose values by 25% (p 〈0.001) and 24% (p〈0.05) respectively. It also significantly reduced mean daily blood glucose by 18% (p 〈 0.05) and mean amplitude of glycaemic excursions from 8.0±0.6 to 5.5±0.4 mmol/l (p〈0.0005). Weight did not change significantly. Daily caloric and carbohydrate intake remained constant throughout the study while insulin requirements decreased slightly but significantly. Out of the 28 patients, 18 had absent while ten had slight residual B cell function as assessed by plasma C-peptide measurements. Treatment with Acarbose did not significantly affect residual B cell function. The beneficial effect of Acarbose on blood glucose control was seen in patients both with and without residual B cell secretion. The major side-effect was flatulence which was never severe enough to interrupt treatment, but led to a 50% reduction of the dose in one patient. It is concluded that Acarbose represents a useful additional means of improving metabolic control in insulin dependent diabetics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: hypoglycemia ; glucagon ; neonate ; intravenous glucose ; hyperinsulinism ; diabetes ; pancreatic α-cell ; diabetic mother ; portal plasma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les auteurs ont étudié des nouveau-nés humains pendant les premières heures de la vie. La glycémie, les taux d'insuline et de glucagon dans le plasma portal ont été dosés à intervalles réguliers jusqu'à la 24ème heure après la naissance, de même què au cours d'une surcharge glucosée intraveineuse pratiquée à la 24ème heure. — Un matériel présentant les caractéristiques immunologiques du glucagon pancréatique a été mis en évidence dans le plasma portal des nouveau-nés normaux et de mère diabétique. La surcharge glucosée intraveineuse ne réduit pas le taux de glucagon plasmatique chez le nouveau-né normal ni chez l'enfant de mère diabétique. — Dans la phase tardive de la surcharge glucosée intraveineuse, les valeurs de la glucagonémie portale sont plus élevées chez l'enfant normal que chez le nouveau-né de mère diabétique. L'insulinémie portale est plus élevée chez le nouveau-né de mère diabétique à la 24ème heure de la vie et à la phase initiale de la surcharge glucosée. — L'hypothèse est proposée que la différence de comportement du glueagon pourrait résulter de l'hyperinsulinisme relatif de l'enfant de mère diabétique, l'insuline favorisant la pénétration de glucose dans la cellule α et permettant, par ce mécanisme, une suppression plus efficace de la sécrétion de glucagon.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Menschliche Neugeborene wurden während der ersten Lebensstunden untersucht. Blut-glucose, portales Plasmainsulin und Glucagon wurden sowohl in regulären Abständen bis zu 24 Std nach der Geburt als auch während einer intravenösen Glucosebelastung in der 24. Std untersucht. — Eine Substanz mit den immunologischen Charakteristika von Pancreasglucagon wurde im portalen Plasma sowohl von normalen Kindern als auch von Kindern diabetischer Mütter gefunden. Die intravenöse Glucosebelastung hat weder bei den normalen Neugeborenen noch bei den Kindern diabetischer Mütter das Plasmaglucagon unterdrückt. Im Vergleich zu den Kindern diabetischer Mütter wurden bei den normalen Neugeborenen in der späten Phase der intravenösen Glucosebelastung höhere Plasmaglucagonwerte beobachtet. Portales Plasmainsulin war bei den Kindern diabetischer Mütter sowohl nach 24 Std als auch während der ersten Phase des intravenösen Glucosetoleranztests erhöht gefunden worden. — Es wird die Hypothese vorgeschlagen, daß das Verhalten der Unterschiede in der Glucagonsekretion möglicherweise eine Folge des relativen Hyperinsulinismus der Kinder diabetischer Mütter sei, welcher der Glucose den Eintritt in die Zelle durch Insulin erleichtert und so eine effektvollere Glucagonverminderung erlaubt.
    Notes: Summary Human neonates have been studied during the first hours of life. Blood glucose, portal plasma insulin and glucagon have been determined both at regular intervals up to 24 h after birth and during an intravenous glucose load performed at the 24th h. A material presenting the immunological characteristics of pancreatic glucagon has been found in the portal plasma of both normal infants and infants from diabetic mothers (IDM). The intravenous glucose load did not suppress plasma glucagon in the normal neonates nor in the IDM. Higher portal plasma glucagon values were observed in the late phase of the intravenous glucose load in normal neonates compared to IDM. Portal plasma insulin has been found higher in IDM both at the 24th h of life and during the early phase of the intravenous glucose tolerance test. The hypothesis is put forward that the behaviour difference in glucagon secretion might be a consequence of the relative nyperinsulinism of IDM with insulin facilitating the entry of glucose into the α cell thus permitting a more effective glucagon suppression.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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