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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of neural transmission 93 (1993), S. 145-150 
    ISSN: 1435-1463
    Keywords: Aspartate ; glutamate ; postmortem ; human brain ; putamen ; ontogenesis ; aging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We have previously reported that the developmental regulation of NMDA receptor expression in human brain is characterized by a sharp postnatal increase peaking at about age 1 year. We have now extended this work by measuring concentrations of L-glutamate and L-aspartate in the putamen from 45 human autopsy specimens. Both amino acids increased steeply within the first postnatal year after which they remained fairly constant throughout life. There was no impact on glutamate and aspartate levels in putamen of sex, side of the brain, postmortem time and storage time of brain tissue.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of neural transmission 103 (1996), S. 403-419 
    ISSN: 1435-1463
    Keywords: Excitatory amino acid receptors ; ontogeny ; human brain ; Sudden Infant Death Syndrome ; schizophrenia ; Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The early appearance of neurotransmitters in brain tissue refers to their regulative functions on the neuronal circuits. Many neurotransmitters have direct effects on neuronal outgrowth and differentiation during brain development, which precede their role in synaptic information coding. Both the neurotrophic and neurotoxic properties of excitatory amino acids (EAAs) have focused special interest on glutamatergic neurotransmission during brain development. Therefore, this work intends to review and discuss developmental alterations of the EAA neurotransmitter system in the human brain, their relation to human brain maturation and implications for pathological processes during early human brain development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1435-1463
    Keywords: D2 receptor ; schizophrenia ; spiperone ; tardive dyskinesia ; neuroleptic drugs
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In post-mortem putamen samples from 27 schizophrenics and 27 controls D2 receptors were measured by Scatchard analysis using3H-spiperone as a ligand. Maximum number of binding sites (Bmax) and apparent dissociation constant (KD) were significantly increased only in patients in whom neuroleptic medication had been given within a three-month period before death. When the neuroleptic medication had been withdrawn at least 3 month before death, there was a slight, but not significant, reduction in Bmax values and unchanged KD values. Withdrawal of neuroleptic drugs was followed by a normalization of the KD values within 2 weeks and a slower reduction of Bmax values. There were 6 schizophrenic patients with mainly positive schizophrenic symptoms and 17 patients with mainly negative symptoms; positive schizophrenic symptoms were not related to higher Bmax values. There was no difference in3H-spiperone binding between patients with and without movement disorders (tardive dyskinesia or extrapyramidal symptoms).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1435-1463
    Keywords: Human brain ; excitatory amino acids ; N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) ; [3H]MK-801 ; schizophrenia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary [3H]MK-801 binding was used as a marker for the NMDA receptor-ion channel complex in postmortem brain samples from the frontal cortex, hippocampus, putamen, entorhinal region, and amygdala of schizophrenic patients and controls. In schizophrenia [3H]MK-801 binding levels were increased in all brain regions investigated reaching significance in the putamen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of neural transmission 103 (1996), S. 45-53 
    ISSN: 1435-1463
    Keywords: [3H](+)-Pentazocine ; σ binding site ; post-mortem time ; gender ; laterality ; ontogenesis ; aging ; human brain
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We investigated binding characteristics of [3H](+)-pentazocine in homogenates of post-mortem human frontal cortex. At equilibrium, specific binding was linear with protein concentration, was saturable, reversible, stereoselective, heat-labile and was nearly absent in the white matter. Saturation experiments revealed a K d of 3.68 ± 0.46nM and a Bmax of 0.636 ± 0.107 pmol/mg protein. The rank order of Ki values of competing substances was: haloperidol 〈 N,N′-di(o-tolyl)guanidine (DTG) 〈 (+)-SKF 10,047 〈 (—)-SKF 10,047. We also examined the influence of age, gender, hemisphere, post-mortem time and storage time of brain tissue at −80 °C on [3H](+)-pentazocine binding sites. Of these variables, only age was significantly related to [3]H](+)-pentazocine binding (diminished binding with increasing age). Together, our results demonstrate the presence of specific [3H](+)-pentazocine binding sites in post-mortem human brain tissue. Furthermore, the binding sites decrease with increasing age and are apparently independent of gender, hemisphere, post-mortem time and storage time of brain tissue.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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