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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Reversible reduction in bone blood flow in streptozotocin-diabetic rats (1987)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 43 (1987), S. 894-895 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Schlagwort(e): Streptozotocin ; diabetes ; rat ; insulin ; bone ; blood flow
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Tibial growth and blood flow were both found to be markedly reduced in anaesthetised streptozotocin-diabetic rats compared to controls. Insulin treatment restored tibial growth to approximately control values and increased tibial blood flow to above control values. The observations are likely to be related to reduced bone turnover in uncontrolled diabetes.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01951655
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The effect of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion and conventional insulin regimes on 24-hour variations of blood glucose and intermediary metabolites in the third trimester of diabetic pregnancy (1981)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 21 (1981), S. 534-539 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Schlagwort(e): Diabetes in pregnancy ; infusions-parenteral ; insulin ; blood glucose ; metabolism-lipolysis ; metabolism-glycolysis ; continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion ; insulin therapy ; insulin dependent diabetes
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Twenty-four hour metabolic profiles were performed in the third trimester of pregnancy in seven diabetic women; first when optimally controlled using conventional insulin regimes and subsequently when controlled with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion. Seven non-diabetic women were also studied. Mean ±SD 24 h metabolite levels in the diabetics before and during continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion and in the controls were respectively: glucose -5.8±1.2; 5.0±0.9; 4.7±0.8 mmol/l; total ketone bodies -0.2±0.06; 0.15±0.05; 0.11±0.04 mmol/l; lactate -0.90±0.33; 0.90±0.24; 1.05 ±0.18 mmol/l; alanine -0.29±0.06; 0.30±0.06; 0.31±0.03 mmol/l. Total ketone body levels were significantly elevated (p〈0.05) on conventional therapy but not on continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion compared with controls. Variations in metabolites over 24 h, as measured by mean standard deviations, were increased for glucose (p〈0.001) and for total ketone bodies (p〈0.05) on the conventional regimes we employed compared with controls. On continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion variations of blood glucose were not affected whereas variations in total ketone bodies were no different from controls. The best possible maternal metabolic control is necessary for normal foetal development and continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion provides a method of achieving this.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00281544
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effect of age on glucose oxidation by isolated rat islets (1980)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 18 (1980), S. 69-71 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Schlagwort(e): Age ; islet glucose metabolism ; insulin secretion ; glucose oxidation ; glucose ; isolated islets ; insulin
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Islets were isolated from pancreases of 2-month and 12-month-old rats, and the oxidation of14C-glucose to14CO2 determined at various medium D-glucose concentration. Islets from 12-month-old rats oxidized significantly less glucose than those from 2-month-old rats at glucose concentrations of 150, 300, and 450 mg/dl, and this was true when islets were selected by hand or by Ficoll density gradient separation. The effect of age on glucose oxidation was seen when islets were incubated with [U-14C], [1-14C], or [6-14C] glucose. The results raise the possibility that previously reported age-related defects in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion may be secondary to the effect of age on islet glucose catabolism.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01228306
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Catecholamine receptor sensitivity and the regulation of lipolysis in adult diabetes (1976)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 12 (1976), S. 351-358 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Schlagwort(e): Alpha-receptor ; beta-receptor ; catecholamines ; prostaglandin ; insulin ; cyclic AMP ; lipolysis ; diabetes
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The sensitivity of alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors, and the antilipolytic actions of prostaglandin E1 or insulin on adipose tissue of obese diabetic and non-diabetic subjects have been studied. Accumulation of cyclic AMP in adipose tissue and release of glycerol in response to several catecholamines (adrenaline, noradrenaline and isoprenaline) in the presence or absence of an alpha-adrenergic blocker (phentolamine) have been used to assess catecholamine receptor sensitivity. No differences in beta-receptor activity were observed between diabetics and non-diabetics, either on glycerol release or accumulation of cyclic AMP; alpha-receptor activity was also similar, except for significantly less accumulation of cyclic AMP in diabetic tissue incubated with noradrenaline and phentolamine (p〈0.01). The antilipolytic action of prostaglandin E1 (at concentrations of 30 fM to 30 pM) on lipolysis (stimulated submaximally with isoprenaline, 10−7 M) was similar in diabetic and control groups. The antilipolytic action of insulin (from 10−10 to 10−6 M) on lipolysis was also similar between the groups. It is concluded that neither disorders of the catecholamine receptor nor of the antilipolytic actions of prostaglandin E1 or insulin are responsible for the abnormalities of fatty acid metabolism in adult diabetes.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00420979
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The influence of glucose-induced hyperinsulinaemia on renal glomerular function and circulating catecholamines in normal man (1981)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 21 (1981), S. 436-439 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Schlagwort(e): Albumin ; β2-microglobulin ; insulin ; catecholamines ; renal function ; diabetes
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The circulatory, renal, and hormonal responses to physiological elevation of plasma insulin induced with oral glucose have been studied in seven healthy subjects. Glomerular filtration rate, urinary excretion rates of albumin and β 2-microglobulin, haematocrit, pulse rate, blood pressure and plasma catecholamine concentrations have been measured. Physiological hyperinsulinaemia following glucose ingestion was associated with an increase in nor-adrenaline levels and brief tachycardia. No effect was noted on haematocrit, creatinine clearance, urinary albumin excretion, plasma adrenaline concentrations and arterial blood pressure. Urinary β 2-microglobulin excretion rates fell shortly after the elevation of plasma insulin, probably indicating enhanced tubular reabsorption. Thus, glucose-induced physiological hyperinsulinaemia does not reduce glomerular filtration rate nor does it increase transglomerular passage of albumin, effects seen after the intravenous bolus injection of 6–8 U of insulin in diabetics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00257782
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The effect of portal and peripheral insulin delivery on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in a miniature pig model of human IDDM (1997)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 40 (1997), S. 1125-1134 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Schlagwort(e): Keywords Type 1 diabetic model ; minipig ; streptozotocin ; portal vein ; insulin ; glucose clearance ; hepatic glucose production ; lipids.
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary A pig model of insulin-dependent diabetes was used to examine the importance of the portal-systemic insulin gradient for whole-body metabolic control. Six pigs had jugular vein, portal vein, and carotid artery cannulae implanted before being made diabetic (150 mg kg− 1 streptozotocin). Each animal received 4 weeks of portal and 4 weeks of peripheral insulin delivery in random order. The blood glucose target range was 5–10 mmol · l− 1, and serum fructosamine and fasting and postprandial blood glucose concentrations were not different between peripheral and portal insulin infusion. Insulin requirement was not different between the 4 week infusion periods, but fasting peripheral insulin levels after peripheral delivery (124 ± 16 (mean ± SEM) pmol · l− 1) were significantly higher (p 〈 0.05) than in portally infused (73.8 ± 5.4 pmol · l− 1) or pre-diabetic control animals (68.4 ± 3.6 pmol · l− 1). Basal hepatic glucose output was also higher (p 〈 0.05) in peripherally (4.2 ± 0.4 mg · kg− 1· min− 1) than in portally infused animals (2.9 ± 0.4 mg · kg− 1· min− 1) or controls (3.0 ± 0.3 mg · kg− 1· min− 1). Clamp glucose metabolic clearance rate was, however, not different between the peripheral and portal insulin delivery routes (8.1 ± 1.0 vs 9.0 ± 0.7 ml · kg− 1· min− 1), although both were significantly lower (p 〈 0.05) than that measured in prediabetic control animals (11.7 ± 1.0 ml · kg− 1· min− 1). Lipid profiles and subfractions were similar in all three groups. It is concluded that the portal route of delivery is superior to the peripheral in maintaining more appropriate insulin concentrations and control of hepatic glucose output, although in the absence of euglycaemia it is still associated with significant metabolic abnormalities. [Diabetologia (1997) 40: 1125–1134]
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001250050797
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Comparison of portal and peripheral insulin delivery on carbohydrate metabolism in streptozotocin-diabetic rats (1985)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 28 (1985), S. 167-171 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Schlagwort(e): Islet transplantation ; streptozotocin-diabetic rat ; peripheral hyperinsulinaemia ; oral glucose tolerance test ; insulin ; glucose ; lactate ; glucose turnover ; glucose carbon recycling
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Severely diabetic rats (150 mg streptozotocin/kg) were transplanted with fetal pancreatic islets: (a) under the kidney capsule to model peripheral insulin delivery, and (b) into the splenic pulp to model portal delivery. Long-term normoglycaemia, normal weight gain and normal peripheral insulin levels were achieved in both groups of transplanted animals. In both groups, 24-h fasted blood lactate, pyruvate and alanine were identical to those observed in sham-operated control animals. Blood glucose and plasma insulin responses to 300 mg oral glucose 8 weeks after transplantation were the same as in control animals. Hepatic glycogen concentration was, however, lower in fed rats with islets beneath the kidney capsule compared with control rats (p〈0.01), suggesting inadequate hepatic insulinisation in the fed state with peripheral insulin delivery. Muscle glycogen was the same as in controls. Glucose turnover and glucose carbon recycling were not significantly different from results in normal control and splenic pulp islet-transplanted animals. The findings indicate that consistent normoglycaemia, normal glucose flux and normalisation of blood intermediary metabolites can be achieved in the rat with peripheral insulin delivery without associated hyperinsulinaemia.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00273866
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Inhibition of T47D human breast cancer cell growth by the synthetic progestin R5020: effects of serum, estradiol, insulin, and EGF (1991)
    Springer
    Breast cancer research and treatment 20 (1991), S. 53-62 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7217
    Schlagwort(e): breast cancer ; cell ; EGF ; estrogen ; growth ; insulin ; mitogens ; progestin
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The mechanism of the antiproliferative effects of progestins on human breast cancer cells is not known. In view of the ability of estrogen to stimulate human breast cancer cell production of peptide growth factors, and since previous studies have suggested that the inhibitory action of progestins is dependent on estrogen-stimulated growth, the present study examined the interaction of growth factors and the synthetic progestin R5020 on the proliferation of T47D human breast cancer cells. In this study, the concentrations of estradiol, insulin, and EGF for optimal stimulation of T47D cell growth in 3% dextran-charcoal treated fetal bovine serum (DCC-FBS) were determined to be 1 nM, 100 nM, and 1 nM, respectively. Furthermore, incubation with these optimal concentrations of estradiol, insulin, and EGF in various combinations produced additive effects on T47D cell proliferation, suggesting that these agents act, at least in part, by different mechanisms. In contrast, in a chemically defined medium (DM), both estradiol and EGF were unable to stimulate T47D cell proliferation. In the case of estradiol, the inability to demonstrate stimulation of T47D cell growth in DM was not due to down-regulation of the estrogen receptor. R5020 inhibited the growth of T47D cells, although its effect was more marked in the presence of 3% DCC-FBS than in DM. Stimulation of T47D cell growth by either estradiol or insulin in 3% DCC-FBS was effectively inhibited by R5020. In contrast, growth of T47D cells stimulated by EGF in the absence of estradiol was not markedly inhibited by R5020, the growth being comparable to that of untreated control cells. These findings suggest that the inhibitory effect of R5020 on T47D cell proliferation is dominant over the action of some, but not all, breast cancer mitogens.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01833357
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Metabolic characteristics of African descendants: a comparative study of African-Americans and Ghanaian immigrants using minimal model analysis (1995)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 38 (1995), S. 1103-1109 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Schlagwort(e): Glucose regulation ; insulin ; C-peptide ; African descendants
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary We have previously demonstrated that glucose-tolerant American blacks manifest significantly higher insulin concentrations and a lower insulin sensitivity than native African blacks who reside in their respective countries. It is, however, unknown whether the serum glucose, beta-cell function and insulin sensitivity are different in native Africans and African-Americans who reside in the same environments. We have studied 68 healthy American blacks and age- and weight-matched 30 African blacks recently immigrated from Ghana residing in Franklin County, Ohio, USA. Each subject underwent a standard oral glucose tolerance test to determine glucose tolerance status. Insulin sensitivity index (Si) and glucose effectiveness (Sg) were measured by the insulin-modified, frequently-sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test. The body composition variables were measured by the bioelectrical impedance analyser and body fat distribution pattern by the waist-hip ratio. The clinical characteristics were identical in the African-American and the African blacks; the mean fasting serum glucose, insulin and C-peptide levels were not different. Following the oral and intravenous glucose administration, the mean peak and incremental areas of serum glucose, insulin and C-peptide were not different in the two groups. The mean Si (3.1±0.7 vs 2.4±0.3×10−4·(min/ΜU·l−1)−1 and Sg (2.5±0.3 vs 2.7±0.2×10−2·min−1) were not significantly different in the American and African blacks, respectively. In summary, the metabolic parameters measured in the American blacks and recent African immigrants were identical. We speculate that, in contrast to the indigenous Africans who reside in their native countries, migration to the western world results in rapid “adaptation” in glucoregulation, beta-cell function and insulin sensitivity, similar to those of American blacks.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00402182
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Metabolic characteristics of African descendants: a comparative study of African-Americans and Ghanaian immigrants using minimal model analysis (1995)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 38 (1995), S. 1103-1109 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Glucose regulation ; insulin ; C-peptide ; African descendants.
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary We have previously demonstrated that glucose-tolerant American blacks manifest significantly higher insulin concentrations and a lower insulin sensitivity than native African blacks who reside in their respective countries. It is, however, unknown whether the serum glucose, beta-cell function and insulin sensitivity are different in native Africans and African-Americans who reside in the same environments. We have studied 68 healthy American blacks and age- and weight-matched 30 African blacks recently immigrated from Ghana residing in Franklin County, Ohio, USA. Each subject underwent a standard oral glucose tolerance test to determine glucose tolerance status. Insulin sensitivity index (Si) and glucose effectiveness (Sg) were measured by the insulin-modified, frequently-sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test. The body composition variables were measured by the bioelectrical impedance analyser and body fat distribution pattern by the waist-hip ratio. The clinical characteristics were identical in the African-American and the African blacks; the mean fasting serum glucose, insulin and C-peptide levels were not different. Following the oral and intravenous glucose administration, the mean peak and incremental areas of serum glucose, insulin and C-peptide were not different in the two groups. The mean Si (3.1 ± 0.7 vs 2.4 ± 0.3 × 10−4· (min/μU · l−1)−1 and Sg (2.5 ± 0.3 vs 2.7 ± 0.2 × 10−2· min−1) were not significantly different in the American and African blacks, respectively. In summary, the metabolic parameters measured in the American blacks and recent African immigrants were identical. We speculate that, in contrast to the indigenous Africans who reside in their native countries, migration to the western world results in rapid “adaptation” in glucoregulation, beta-cell function and insulin sensitivity, similar to those of American blacks. [Diabetologia (1995) 38: 1103–1109]
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00402182
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