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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tannin sensitivity in larvae ofMalacosoma disstria (Lepidoptera): Roles of the peritrophic envelope and midgut oxidation (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 20 (1994), S. 1985-2001 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Lepidoptera ; Lasiocampidae ; Malacosoma disstria ; Orgyia leucostigma ; larva ; tannin ; tannic acid ; peritrophic membrane ; oxidation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Final-instarMalacosoma disstria fed artificial diets containing tannic acid develop lethal pupal deformities. We examined some of the factors potentially underlying tannin sensitivity in this species, including the permeability of the peritrophic envelope to tannic acid and the chemical fate of tannic acid in the gut. Tannic acid does not penetrate the peritrophic envelope ofM. disstria, demonstrating that the containment of tannic acid within the endoperitrophic space is not sufficient to protect an insect herbivore from the adverse effects of ingested tannins. Ingested tannic acid undergoes extensive chemical modification in the midgut. Only 19–21 % of the high molecular weight components of the tannic acid ingested was recovered in the frass. Of two possible chemical fates of ingested tannic acid, oxidation is the predominant chemical transformation, whereas little hydrolysis occurs. Measurements of gut redox parameters showed that conditions in the midgut favor the oxidation of phenols. However, similar conditions occur in the midguts ofOrgyia leucostigma, in which no oxidation occurs. Therefore, oxidizing gut redox conditions do not necessarily lead to polyphenol oxidation in lepidopteran larvae. We conclude that the sensitivity ofM. disstria to ingested tannins is a consequence of their oxidation in the midgut.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02066238
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reassessment of the roles of the peritrophic envelope and hydrolysis in protecting polyphagous grasshoppers from ingested hydrolyzable tannins (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 22 (1996), S. 1901-1919 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Orthoptera ; Acrididae ; grasshopper ; Melanoplus sanguinipes ; Phoetaliotes nebrascensis ; peritrophic envelope ; peritrophic membrane ; hydrolyzable tannin ; tannic acid ; oxidation ; hydrolysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract We examined several of the mechanisms that have been reported to enable polyphagous grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Acrididae) to tolerate ingested hydrolyzable tannins: hydrolysis, adsorption on the peritrophic envelope, and peritrophic envelope impermeability. None of these mechanisms explain the tolerance ofMelanoplus sanguinipes to ingested tannic acid. In this species, tannin hydrolysis was 12–47% complete, adsorption accounted for less than 1% of the tannic acid contained in the midgut, and the peritrophic envelope was permeated by several gallotannins. The foregut is the main site for the chemical transformation of tannic acid in this species. InPhoetaliotes nebrascensis, hydrolysis was more extensive (82% complete), but the peritrophic envelope was readily permeated by two gallotannins. Oxidizing redox conditions were found in the guts of both species, and ingested tannins were oxidized inM. sanguinipes. We hypothesize that the tolerance of some polyphagous grasshoppers to ingested hydrolyzable tannins may be the consequence of their ability to tolerate the reactive oxygen species generated by polyphenol oxidation, whereas others may rely on rapid and extensive hydrolysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02028511
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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