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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aging of combustion particles in the atmosphere — Results from a field study in Zürich (1993)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 68 (1993), S. 137-147 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract At different locations in Zürich (urban and suburban area) ambient aerosol has been measured by a variety of methods. Total mass concentration, black carbon mass concentration, size distribution, Fuchs surface and photoelectric charging of particles (as a measure for the PAH concentration) have been determined. As a reference for “fresh” aerosol, measurements have also been carried out in a car parking garage. By comparing the data obtained at different locations and different times of the day aging processes can be investigated. All measured signals show significant peaks during the rush-hours, indicating that the majority of the particles arise from automotive traffic. Aging is expressed by decreasing number concentrations, increasing diameter (coagulation) and decreasing black carbon and PAH content of the particles. The decrease in PAH and black carbon fraction may be due to mixing of the aerosol with non-combustion particles or by condensation of material from the gas phase on the particle; the decrease in PAH concentration may also be due to degradation of the PAHs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00479398
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of combustion products using time-of-flight mass spectrometry (1993)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 68 (1993), S. 177-184 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Time of flight mass spectrometry (TOF-MS) combined with resonant two-photon ionization is applied to detect aromatic hydrocarbons in combustion products. The sample is introduced through a heated capillary into the supersonic jet of a TOF-MS. For ionization, a tunable, frequency-doubled dye-laser is used. The inlet system allows a direct measurement of samples at atmospheric pressure. The resonant ionization can distinguish structural isomers without preceding chromatography. The short response time of the system allows for example on-line monitoring of combustion emissions. This is demonstrated by thermodesorption experiments of anthracene from activated charcoal and from diesel soot. A significant higher desorption temperature from charcoal than from diesel soot is found. In addition, examples showing selective measurements of benzene, toluene and three dimethyl-benzene isomers in the exhaust gas of a gasoline engine are presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00479401
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Poly-ADP-ribosylation is not required for excision of a DNA damage (1983)
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 70 (1983), S. 93-94 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00365510
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photoelectron yield of small silver and gold particles suspended in gas up to a photon energy of 10 eV (1984)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 56 (1984), S. 197-199 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The photoelectric yieldY of clean Ag and Au particles suspended in He-gas has been measured up to photon energieshv=10 eV.Y shows strong deviations from the bulk in the case of Ag but not in the case of Au. Surface adsorbates generate dramatic changes inY, pointing to the decisive role of the surface electron density profile on the optical properties.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01304172
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The correlation between in-situ, real-time aerosol photoemission intensity and particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon concentration in combustion aerosols (1993)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 68 (1993), S. 75-90 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Aerosol photoemission (APE) has been found to be an excellent surrogate measure of particulate PAH concentration in combustion aerosols under a variety of laboratory and field conditions. Samples of oil stove, automobile exhaust, and urban air particulate matter were concurrently analyzed for aerosol photoemission intensity and particulate PAH concentration. In-situ, real-time analysis of the particulate matter was performed by UV-induced electron photoemission. Two photon energies, 4.9 and 6.7 eV, were chosen for irradiation. The latter energy was more sensitive and less selective. Particulate PAH concentrations were determined by collecting the particulate matter on a filter, solvent extracting the filter, and analyses of the extracts by gas chromatography / mass spectroscopy. Linear correlations (0.84≤r2≤1.00) were observed between aerosol photoemission intensities and the sum of particulate PAH concentrations for laboratory and field studies under a wide variety of conditions. The studies performed to date cover a dynamic range of three orders of magnitude (1 to 1000 ng / m3). The time resolution is in the order of a few seconds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00479394
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photoemission for in situ analysis of particulate combustion emissions (1993)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 68 (1993), S. 125-136 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract A review on principles of operation, design, and various applications of the aerosol photoemission sensor is given. Influence of intensity and wavelength of the light as well as the type of information, obained by the sensor are discussed. Several applications requiring emission or ambient air measurements demonstrate the features of the sensor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00479397
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of the sorption properties for PAH's of combustion particles with model particles (1993)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 68 (1993), S. 149-157 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract A model experiment is carried out to determine the desorption properties of PAH's from carbon and NaCl-particles. In a second step these model particles are replaced by actual combustion particles from a sparkignition-, a diesel-engine and a domestic oilburner. As a sorbate perylene is used. The diesel-particle show a pronounced size dependence of the desorption temperature of perylene. The desorption temperature increases with increasing particle diameter. While pure carbon particles show a behaviour similar to that of particles of a spark-ignition-engine, NaCl-particles seem not to be suitable for simulation of actual combustion particles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00479399
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on the dynamics of adsorption and desorption from combustion particles, by temperature dependent measurement of size, mass and photoelectric yield (1993)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 68 (1993), S. 159-176 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Carbonaceous particles in combustion exhaust exhibit significant changes of size, structure and surface chemical composition on changing the temperature T of the carrier gas. We study particles generated in a diesel engine, a spark-ignition engine and an oilburner. Total mass (TM), mass of black carbon (BC), mobility diameter and aerosol photoemission (APE) of the particles have been measured in situ as a function of temperature. Concomitantly the particles have also been deposited on a substrate and imaged by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Photoelectric yield and diameter versus temperature curves suggest a shell structure of the particles: A core of pure BC or BC and PbBr2 is covered with a number of volatile compounds (VC), the most highly volatile species forming the outermost layer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00479400
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Monitoring adsorption on small particles (1989)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 12 (1989), S. 563-565 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6079
    Keywords: 82.65.i ; 79.60.i ; 82.70.y
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A review on the application of photoelectron emission from small particles suspended in a gas to monitor the adsorption properties and to detect adsorbates on the particles is given. The relation between surface coverage with an adsorbate and the shift in photothreshold and photoelectric yield is demonstrated by two examples: The adsorption of O2 on silver particles and of perylene on carbon particles. A third example concerns the detection of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) on particles arising from combustions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01427018
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrafine particles adsorbed on HOPG measured by STM (1991)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 19 (1991), S. 327-331 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6079
    Keywords: 61.16.Di ; 68.35.Wn ; 82.70.Rr
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Small Ag and C particles, about 10 nm in diameter, are produced in gas suspension and precipitated on HOPG substrates for STM analysis. The STM pictures showed much smaller particle concentrations than anticipated from parallel TEM studies. The particles appear very flat in STM, not spherical as expected. These effects could be attributed to the nature of interaction between particle and surface, or to the interaction between tip and particle. Many of our experimental results are consistent with particles moving under the influence of the scanning tip.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01448322
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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