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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Assimilation of aliphatic hydrocarbons by Candida tropicalis (1972)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 88 (1972), S. 77-86 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary 1. Analytical problems in microbial experiments using hydrocarbons as the carbon source are notorious. Several procedures for assays of biomass and substrate have been evaluated. Reliable results for dry matter determination were obtained by centrifugation of the samples in presence of solvents. 2. Extraction of hydrocarbons was effected by strong mixing of the emulsion with the solvent. The extract is then submitted to gas liquid chromatography (GLC). 3. The procedures for hydrocarbon determination were worked out with model suspensions and evaluated in actual cultivations. Typical batch data from Candida tropicalis experiments showed only slight deviations from a 100% carbon balance. Yields (g biomass per g substrate) were about 112%. 4. Loss of carbon atoms in the form of CO2 was 10–20% lower than reported in literature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00424761
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Assimilation of aliphatic hydrocarbons by Candida tropicalis (1972)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 88 (1972), S. 87-96 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary 1. Several methods for the extraction of lipids from Candida yeast grown on n-alkanes were compared and evaluated. Special attention was paid to the completeness of extraction and to protect the unsaturated fractions from oxydation. 2. Significant alteration of the fatty acid composition during batch growth on hexadecane was observed. These changes make it necessary to harvest cells in a well defined state of the growing cell population. 3. If alkanes of chain length from C12 to C17 served as sole source of carbon fatty acids with corresponding chain length predominated. Even numbered alkane chains led to fatty acid profiles containing about 95% even numbered acids. Using odd numbered alkanes as substrates, the cells contained about 50% odd numbered fatty acids. 4. Cells grown on glucose and acetate media were also examined. Inhibition of de novo synthesis of fatty acids is stronger when the chain length of alkane substrates increases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00424762
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inducible overexpression of human protein kinase C α in NIH 3T3 fibroblasts results in growth abnormalities
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Cellular Signalling 4 (1992), S. 163-177 
    Details
    ISSN: 0898-6568
    Keywords: Mx promoter ; NIH 3T3 cells ; Protein kinase C α ; growth abnormalities ; overexpression
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0898-6568(92)90080-R
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biochemical characterization of binding sites for dihydropyridine and ω-conotoxin in brain of adult chicken
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 182 (1992), S. 947-952 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-291X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0006-291X(92)91823-9
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Low temperature magnetic force microscopy (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 64 (1993), S. 2920-2925 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: We have built a low temperature scanning force microscope which is able to measure contact and noncontact forces using the dc modes of force microscopy. We demonstrate the capabilities of our instrument on a magneto-optical disk at room temperature and at 77 K. Using a ferromagnetic thin film tip, the topography and the micromagnetic stray field of the sample is measured using the dc modes of force microscopy. The topographic and magnetic data are precisely correlated. The circular bit structure and the natural domain structure between the homogeneously magnetized bits is clearly visible. A lateral resolution below 100 nm and a force resolution of 10−12 N is reproducibly achieved.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1144383
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A high stability and low drift atomic force microscope (1992)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 63 (1992), S. 3900-3904 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Impressed by the high resolution and easy operation of the new generation scanning tunneling microscopes (STMs), we built a pocket-size high-stability atomic force microscope (AFM) with deflection measurement by tunneling. It was our aim to reach high mechanical and thermal stability of the tunnel junction as well as full compatibility with our existing STM system. Our first AFM scanhead, designed for large scan ranges up to 15 μm, stably measured an artificial grid structure on SiO2, reproducibly showing details of less than 1 nm in size. On this well-defined sample we compared constant force with variable deflection measurements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1143288
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A method for the calibration of magnetic force microscopy tips (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 88 (2000), S. 435-445 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A method is presented for the analysis of magnetic force microscopy (MFM) measurements that allows the quantitative determination of the sample stray field. It is shown how measurements on an easily obtainable calibration sample can be used to calibrate the MFM measurement as a function of the wavelength of the sample stray field at the tip apex. It is demonstrated that the thus obtained MFM calibration can be used to determine the stray field distribution of the tip. Furthermore, the effect of the tip on the MFM imaging mechanism is analyzed by comparing it to some simple tip models. From the analysis, it is shown that the point–monopole and dipole models do not accurately describe the MFM imaging mechanism. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.373678
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Models for the stray field from magnetic tips used in magnetic force microscopy (1992)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 72 (1992), S. 203-206 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: This letter presents a theoretical approach for calculating the stray magnetic field of the tiny tip used in magnetic force microscopy (MFM). We consider several models for the tip. We demonstrate the advantage of using nonmagnetic tips covered by a magnetic thin film to improve lateral resolution of MFM. The analysis is quantitative and can be directly applied to a real tip that conforms to the shape limitations of our model. The same analysis can be applied to the case of a superconducting sample.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.352159
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetization process in perpendicular epitaxial Cu/Ni/Cu/Si (001) (abstract) : The 41st annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 81 (1997), S. 3896-3896 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Epitaxial Cu/Ni/Cu (001) films exhibit perpendicular anisotropy over an exceptionally wide thickness range (30 Å≤Ni≤145 Å).12 Magnetic force microscopy (MFM) has been used to reveal new details of the magnetization process;34 here we focus on two features. (1) the forces of attraction and repulsion between different segments of domain walls and (2) a bimodal distribution of magnetization response times to perpendicular applied fields. Domain images were taken using high-resolution scanning MFM in perpendicular fields up to 500 Oe. The following observations are explained. As high energy domains are reduced in area by a perpendicular applied field, the domain patterns (whose wall orientations in zero field have no correlation with the easy in-plane 〈110〉 directions) evolve to a serpentine pattern. Some lengths of the serpentine domains collapse completely while others shrink in width with opposite walls failing to annihilate each other even in fields up to 500 Oe. These "hard domains" show a preference for alignment with the easy 〈110〉 directions. We believe the annihilation and hard domain behavior to be due to the combination of opposing short-range exchange and long-range dipole interactions between lengths of domain wall having the same or opposite chirality; chirality along a domain wall changes at a Bloch line. The alignment of hard threadlike domains with the 〈110〉 directions is due to the magnetoelastic interaction between the misfit dislocation strain field and the in-plane magnetization of the domain wall. Films of Ni thickness up to 85 Å can be saturated and show a remanence ratio of unity by MFM, vibrating sample magnetometry and magneto-optic Kerr effect in perpendicular fields. On the other hand, for 100 Å of Ni, the remanence ratio is smaller and the MFM images at 500 Oe show a small fractional area of unreversed domains; thicker films show larger unsaturated fractions. The magnetization process in films of 75–100 Å Ni is revealed in the MFM images to have an instantaneous field response and a slower time response (in constant field) over a period of several minutes. The instantaneous response is due to the motion of glissile domain wall segments; the after effect appears to be due to the thermally activated motion of Bloch lines along the hard wall segments. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.365060
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tunneling stabilized magnetic force microscopy of BaFe12O19 with a thin film tip (1992)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 61 (1992), S. 357-359 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Magnetic domains of BaFe12O19 have been imagined with a scanning tunneling microscope having a flexible, magnetic tip. We have found that Co thin films evaporated on a silicon tip, integrated with a cantilever, can give high lateral resolution, below 50 nm. Therefore, we have been able to image domains and domain walls simultaneously. We have observed domains of 1.9 μm width and domain walls of 270 nm width. We explained the data using existing models.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.107942
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