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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure of the mammalian pinealocyte under natural and experimental conditions: Quantitative aspects (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Microscopy Research and Technique 21 (1992), S. 116-123 
    Details
    ISSN: 1059-910X
    Keywords: Quantitative morphology ; Morphometry ; Synaptic ribbons ; Dense-cored vesicles ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: This review briefly summarizes data accumulated on the quantitative aspects of the ultrastructure of the mammalian pinealocyte. Quantitative changes have been demonstrated under natural and experimental conditions in pinealocyte cell organelles in various species. Special attention is paid to two cytoplasmic components most frequently studied by means of quantitative electron microscopy, namely, dense-core vesicles and “synaptic” ribbons.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1070210204
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure of the pineal gland of the eastern chipmunk (Tamias striatus) (1982)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 173 (1982), S. 73-86 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The ultrastructure of the pineal gland of the wild-captured eastern chipmunk (Tamias striatus) was examined. A homogenous population of pinealocytes was the characteristic cellular element of the chipmunk pineal gland. Often, pinealocytes showed a folliclelike arrangement. Mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, granular endoplasmic reticulum, lysosomes, centrioles, dense-core vesicles, clear vesicles, glycogen particles, and microtubules were consistent components of the pinealocyte cytoplasm. The extraordinary ultrastructural feature of the chipmunk pinealocyte was the presence of extremely large numbers of “synaptic” ribbons. The number of “synaptic” ribbons in this species exceeded by a factor of five to 30 times that found in any species previously reported. In addition to pinealocytes, the pineal parenchyma contained glial cells (oligodendrocytes and fibrous astrocytes). Capillaries of the pineal gland of the chipmunk consisted of a fenestrated endothelium. Adrenergic nerve terminals were relatively sparse.
    Additional Material: 25 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051730107
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Day-night differences in the number of pineal “synaptic” ribbons in two diurnal rodents, the chipmunk (Tamias striatus) and the ground squirrel (Spermophilus richardsonii) (1982)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 224 (1982), S. 689-692 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: “Synaptic” ribbons ; Pineal gland ; Chipmunk ; Ground squirrel
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Daytime numbers of pineal “synaptic” ribbons higher than reported in the pineal gland of any other mammalian species were observed in two diurnal rodents, the eastern chipmunk and Richardson's ground squirrel. The number of “synaptic” ribbons was lower during the daytime and higher at night in both of these species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00213764
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure of pinealocytes of the kangaroo rat (Dipodomys ordi) (1982)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 226 (1982), S. 167-175 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pineal gland ; Ultrastructure ; Kangaroo rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructure of the pinealocytes of the wild-captured ord kangaroo rat (Dipodomys ordi) was examined. A homogeneous population of pinealocytes was present in the pineal gland of the kangaroo rat. The Golgi apparatus, granular endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, lysosomes, dense-core vesicles, vacuoles containing a flocculent material and lipid droplets were consistent components of the pinealocyte cytoplasm, whereas infrequently-observed organelles included centrioles, multivesicular bodies, subsurface cisternae, “synaptic” ribbons and cilia. The number of dense-core vesicles was relatively high and dense-core vesicles and vacuoles containing a flocculent material were present in the same cell. Although it has been recently suggested that two different secretory processes, i.e., neurosecretory-like (Golgi apparatus — dense-core vesicles) and ependymal-like (granular endoplasmic reticulum — vacuoles containing a flocculent material) may be involved in different regulatory mechanisms in the pinealocytes, the definitive answer to this is still far from clear. Therefore, the pineal gland of the kangaroo rat appears to be a good model for the study of the potential relationship between these two secretory processes, especially in respect to seasonal changes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00217091
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inverse correlation between “Synaptic” ribbon number and the density of adrenergic nerve endings in the pineal gland of various mammals (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 205 (1983), S. 93-99 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The number of “synaptic” ribbons was inversely correlated with the density of the adrenergic nerve endings of the pineal gland compared among a diverse group of species including the fox, cat, rat, cotton rat, white-footed mouse, Djungarian hamster, ground squirrel, and chipmunk. The concentration of norepinephrine paralleled the number of adrenergic nerve terminals in the pineal glands of the cotton rat, rat, and ground squirrel, the only species in which norepinephrine concentrations were measured. The number of ribbon fields paralleled numbers of “synaptic” ribbons in all species examined. Adrenergic nerve endings were observed primarily within the perivascular spaces, although some endings also were found among parenchymal cells. Adrenergic nerve endings forming synaptic junctions with pinealocytes were not observed in any of these species, nor was there any physical association between these nerve endings and “synaptic” ribbons.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092050112
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Localization of enkephalin-like immunoreactivity in the cat carotid and aortic body chemoreceptors (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 203 (1982), S. 405-410 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The purpose of this study was to determine if enkephalin-like immunoreactivity was present in the glomus cells of the carotid and aortic body peripheral arterial chemoreceptors. Cat carotid and aortic bodies were reacted with antisera to met- and leu-enkephalin using the indirect peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunocytochemical method of Sternberger (1979). Both the carotid and aortic bodies demonstrated clusters of immunoreactive cells for both met- and leuenkephalin. Additionally, met-enkephalin-like immunoreactivity was observed in many of the dense-core vesicles of the glomus cells of the carotid body. The glomus cells of these chemoreceptors are known to contain catecholamines which may modulate chemoreceptor activity. The presence of opioid peptide-like substances co-existing with the glomus cell catecholamines, perhaps in the same vesicles, may have important implications for a trophic influence of these peptides on glomus cell chemoreceptor modulation.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092030310
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure of the pineal gland of the fox (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 163 (1982), S. 257-267 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The ultrastructure of the pineal gland of the fox was examined and compared with that of other mammals. The pineal gland of the fox is composed of two different populations of pinealocytes (I and II). The pinealocytes I were distributed homogeneously throughout the parenchyma, while pinealocytes II were located generally near blood vessels. A Golgi apparatus, granular endo-plasmic reticulum, mitochondria, lysosomes, centrioles, and cilia were present in both cell populations. A characteristic feature of pinealocytes I was the presence of dense-core vesicles, presumably of Golgi origin; whereas glycogen deposits and pigment granules were common features of pinealocytes II. In addition to the pinealocytes, the parenchyma contained fibrous astrocytes. The capillaries of the pineal gland of the fox consisted of a nonfenestrated endothelium. Numerous nerve fibers, presumably adrenergic, were observed throughout the parenchyma.
    Additional Material: 22 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001630306
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Presence of dense-core vesicles in pinealocytes of the cat (1982)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 222 (1982), S. 695-698 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pineal gland ; Ultrastructure ; Dense-core vesicles ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Dense-core vesicles, 90–200 nm in diameter, were found in pinealocytes of the cat. They were present both in perikarya and cell processes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00213868
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inclusion bodies in pinealocytes of the cotton rat (Sigmodon hispidus) (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 232 (1983), S. 413-420 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pinealocytes ; Cotton rat ; X-ray microanalysis ; Protein digestion ; Inclusion bodies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Pinealocytes of the cotton rat (Sigmodon hispidus) often contain large (2–6 μm diameter) intracytoplasmic inclusions, the function of which is not known. These inclusions may represent nucleolus-like bodies, mineral deposits, secretory products or viral inclusions. In this study these inclusions were classified as type A, B or C inclusions based on the amount of electron-dense material interspersed within the finely granular material comprising the bulk of these inclusions. Each type of inclusion was analyzed by X-ray microanalysis and enzymatic protein-aceous digestion. X-ray microanalysis of these inclusions differed both quantitatively and semiquantitatively from that of human or gerbil pineal concretions, the latter two of which are extracellular deposits. Pronase, a proteolytic enzyme, digested the electron-dense material only after longer times of tissue exposure to this enzyme in contrast to the easily digested, finely granular matrix-like material of these inclusions. Such intrapinealocytic inclusions have only been observed in the cotton rat. Their functional significance remains unknown.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00213796
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