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  • 11
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Schlagwort(e): Keywords Glycogenolysis ; carbohydrate oxidation ; glucagon ; gluconeogenesis ; fructose.
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Increased endogenous glucose production (EGP) and gluconeogenesis contribute to the pathogenesis of hyperglycaemia in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). In healthy subjects, however, EGP remains constant during administration of gluconeogenic precursors. This study was performed in order to determine whether administration of fructose increases EGP in obese NIDDM patients and obese non-diabetic subjects. Eight young healthy lean subjects, eight middle-aged obese NIDDM patients and seven middle-aged obese non-diabetic subjects were studied during hourly ingestion of 13C fructose (0.3 g · kg fat free mass−1· h−1) for 3 h. Fructose failed to increase EGP (measured with 6,6 2H glucose) in NIDDM (17.7 ± 1.9 μmol · kg fat free mass−1· min−1 basal vs 15.9 ± 0.9 after fructose), in obese non-diabetic subjects (12.1 ± 0.5 basal vs 13.1 ± 0.5 after fructose) and in lean healthy subjects (13.3 ± 0.5 basal vs 13.8 ± 0.6 after fructose) although 13C glucose synthesis contributed 73.2 % of EGP in lean subjects, 62.6 % in obese non-diabetic subjects, and 52.8 % in obese NIDDM patients. Since glucagon may play an important role in the development of hyperglycaemia in NIDDM, healthy subjects were also studied during 13C fructose ingestion + hyperglucagonaemia (232 ± 9 ng/l) and during hyperglucagonaemia alone. EGP increased by 19.8 % with ingestion of fructose + glucagon (p 〈 0.05) but remained unchanged during administration of fructose or glucagon alone. The plasma 13C glucose enrichment was identical after fructose ingestion both with and without glucagon, indicating that the contribution of fructose gluconeogenesis to the glucose 6-phosphate pool was identical in these two conditions. We concluded that during fructose administration: 1) gluconeogenesis is increased, but EGP remains constant in NIDDM, obese non-diabetic, and lean individuals; 2) in lean individuals, both an increased glucagonaemia and an enhanced supply of gluconeogenic precursors are required to increase EGP; this increase in EGP occurs without changes in the relative proportion of glucose 6-phosphate production from fructose and from other sources (i. e. glycogenolysis + gluconeogenesis from non-fructose precursors). [Diabetologia (1996) 39: 580–586]
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 12
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Diabetologia 42 (1999), S. 1381-1382 
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 13
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Diabetologia 5 (1969), S. 195-197 
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Schlagwort(e): Insulin ; glucagon ; adipose tissue ; lipolysis ; FFA
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé A des concentrations proches de celles qui sont rencontrées dans le plasma humain, le glucagon stimule fortement la lipolyse au niveau de la graisse épididymaire du rat, étudiéein vitro. Les effets de telles concentrations de glucagon sont réduits, voire abolis par l'insuline aux concentrations de 25 et 100μU/ml. Rapprochées de l'effet insulinogénique puissant du glucagon, ces observations peuvent fournir une explication quant au caractère retardé de l'élévation du taux sanguin des acides gras libres observée après injection de glucagonin vivo.
    Kurzfassung: Zusammenfassung Glucagon stimuliert in Konzentrationen, wie sie auch im menschlichen Plasma vorkommen, die Lipolyse im Ratten-Nebenhodenfettgewebein vitro stark. Die Effekte derartiger Glucagonkonzentrationen werden durch Insulin (25–100μE/ml) verringert bis aufgehoben. Unter Berücksichtigung der ausgeprägten Wirkung von Glucagon auf die Insulinfreisetzung können diese Beobachtungen eine Erklärung für die Verzögerung des Anstiegs der freien Fettsäuren im Serum liefern, die man nach Glucagoninjektionenin vivo beobachtet.
    Notizen: Summary Glucagon in concentrations similar to those found in human plasma markedly stimulates lipolysis in rat adipose tissuein vitro. The effects of these “physiological” concentrations of glucagon are reduced or abolished by insulin at concentrations of 25 and 100μU/ml. Considering the marked insulinogenic effect of glucagon these observations may provide an explanation for the delayed increase of blood FFA observed after glucagon injectionin vivo.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 14
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Schlagwort(e): Biostator ; continuous blood collection
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary A new method for continuous blood collection using the Biostator is described. Blood is withdrawn through the double lumen catheter by a tube installed in the optional channel of the infusion pump. The amount of blood withdrawn from the patient is slightly greater than that necessary for continuous glucose analysis; the excess blood can be collected into assay tubes. Blood collection is continuous and produces a sample of diluted heparinized blood. The volume of blood collected depends on the size of the tube used, i.e. for a tube with a lumen diameter of 0.020 inches, the mean (±SD) volume collected was 1.21 ±0.07 ml/10 min (n = 13). The mean time interval between sampling and arrival at the glucose sensor by the double lumen catheter was 119 versus 108 s with the conventional method. The proposed modification does not affect blood glucose measurements (correlation coefficient compared with the reference method r = 0.9572; n = 13). To compensate for blood dilution, a dilution-factor depending on tubing diameter has to be calculated in each experiment.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 15
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Diabetologia 31 (1988), S. 68-69 
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 16
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 17
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Schlagwort(e): Glycogenolysis ; carbohydrate oxidation ; glucagon ; gluconeogenesis ; fructose
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Increased endogenous glucose production (EGP) and gluconeogenesis contribute to the pathogenesis of hyperglycaemia in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). In healthy subjects, however, EGP remains constant during administration of gluconeogenic precursors. This study was performed in order to determine whether administration of fructose increases EGP in obese NIDDM patients and obese non-diabetic subjects. Eight young healthy lean subjects, eight middle-aged obese NIDDM patients and seven middle-aged obese non-diabetic subjects were studied during hourly ingestion of 13C fructose (0.3 g · kg fat free mass−1 · h−1) for 3 h. Fructose failed to increase EGP (measured with 6,6 2H glucose) in NIDDM (17.7±1.9 Μmol · kg fat free mass−1 · min−1 basal vs 15.9±0.9 after fructose), in obese non-diabetic subjects (12.1±0.5 basal vs 13.1±0.5 after fructose) and in lean healthy subjects (13.3±0.5 basal vs 13.8±0.6 after fructose) although 13C glucose synthesis contributed 73.2% of EGP in lean subjects, 62.6% in obese non-diabetic subjects, and 52.8% in obese NIDDM patients. Since glucagon may play an important role in the development of hyperglycaemia in NIDDM, healthy subjects were also studied during 13C fructose ingestion + hyperglucagonaemia (232±9 ng/l) and during hyperglucagonaemia alone. EGP increased by 19.8% with ingestion of fructose + glucagon (p〈0.05) but remained unchanged during administration of fructose or glucagon alone. The plasma 13C glucose enrichment was identical after fructose ingestion both with and without glucagon, indicating that the contribution of fructose gluconeogenesis to the glucose 6-phosphate pool was identical in these two conditions. We concluded that during fructose administration: 1) gluconeogenesis is increased, but EGP remains constant in NIDDM, obese non-diabetic, and lean individuals; 2) in lean individuals, both an increased glucagonaemia and an enhanced supply of gluconeogenic precursors are required to increase EGP; this increase in EGP occurs without changes in the relative proportion of glucose 6-phosphate production from fructose and from other sources (i. e. glycogenolysis + gluconeogenesis from non-fructose precursors).
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 18
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Schlagwort(e): hypoglycemia ; glucagon ; neonate ; intravenous glucose ; hyperinsulinism ; diabetes ; pancreatic α-cell ; diabetic mother ; portal plasma
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé Les auteurs ont étudié des nouveau-nés humains pendant les premières heures de la vie. La glycémie, les taux d'insuline et de glucagon dans le plasma portal ont été dosés à intervalles réguliers jusqu'à la 24ème heure après la naissance, de même què au cours d'une surcharge glucosée intraveineuse pratiquée à la 24ème heure. — Un matériel présentant les caractéristiques immunologiques du glucagon pancréatique a été mis en évidence dans le plasma portal des nouveau-nés normaux et de mère diabétique. La surcharge glucosée intraveineuse ne réduit pas le taux de glucagon plasmatique chez le nouveau-né normal ni chez l'enfant de mère diabétique. — Dans la phase tardive de la surcharge glucosée intraveineuse, les valeurs de la glucagonémie portale sont plus élevées chez l'enfant normal que chez le nouveau-né de mère diabétique. L'insulinémie portale est plus élevée chez le nouveau-né de mère diabétique à la 24ème heure de la vie et à la phase initiale de la surcharge glucosée. — L'hypothèse est proposée que la différence de comportement du glueagon pourrait résulter de l'hyperinsulinisme relatif de l'enfant de mère diabétique, l'insuline favorisant la pénétration de glucose dans la cellule α et permettant, par ce mécanisme, une suppression plus efficace de la sécrétion de glucagon.
    Kurzfassung: Zusammenfassung Menschliche Neugeborene wurden während der ersten Lebensstunden untersucht. Blut-glucose, portales Plasmainsulin und Glucagon wurden sowohl in regulären Abständen bis zu 24 Std nach der Geburt als auch während einer intravenösen Glucosebelastung in der 24. Std untersucht. — Eine Substanz mit den immunologischen Charakteristika von Pancreasglucagon wurde im portalen Plasma sowohl von normalen Kindern als auch von Kindern diabetischer Mütter gefunden. Die intravenöse Glucosebelastung hat weder bei den normalen Neugeborenen noch bei den Kindern diabetischer Mütter das Plasmaglucagon unterdrückt. Im Vergleich zu den Kindern diabetischer Mütter wurden bei den normalen Neugeborenen in der späten Phase der intravenösen Glucosebelastung höhere Plasmaglucagonwerte beobachtet. Portales Plasmainsulin war bei den Kindern diabetischer Mütter sowohl nach 24 Std als auch während der ersten Phase des intravenösen Glucosetoleranztests erhöht gefunden worden. — Es wird die Hypothese vorgeschlagen, daß das Verhalten der Unterschiede in der Glucagonsekretion möglicherweise eine Folge des relativen Hyperinsulinismus der Kinder diabetischer Mütter sei, welcher der Glucose den Eintritt in die Zelle durch Insulin erleichtert und so eine effektvollere Glucagonverminderung erlaubt.
    Notizen: Summary Human neonates have been studied during the first hours of life. Blood glucose, portal plasma insulin and glucagon have been determined both at regular intervals up to 24 h after birth and during an intravenous glucose load performed at the 24th h. A material presenting the immunological characteristics of pancreatic glucagon has been found in the portal plasma of both normal infants and infants from diabetic mothers (IDM). The intravenous glucose load did not suppress plasma glucagon in the normal neonates nor in the IDM. Higher portal plasma glucagon values were observed in the late phase of the intravenous glucose load in normal neonates compared to IDM. Portal plasma insulin has been found higher in IDM both at the 24th h of life and during the early phase of the intravenous glucose tolerance test. The hypothesis is put forward that the behaviour difference in glucagon secretion might be a consequence of the relative nyperinsulinism of IDM with insulin facilitating the entry of glucose into the α cell thus permitting a more effective glucagon suppression.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 19
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Schlagwort(e): Acarbose ; diabetes ; insulin dependent diabetes ; metabolic control
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Acarbose, an α-glucosidase inhibitor, delays starch digestion and inhibits intestinal sucrase and maltase activity. Twenty-eight insulin dependent diabetics were given Acarbose (3×100 mg daily) over a two month period, preceded and followed by a two month placebo period. Acarbose reduced post-break-fast and post-dinner blood glucose values by 25% (p 〈0.001) and 24% (p〈0.05) respectively. It also significantly reduced mean daily blood glucose by 18% (p 〈 0.05) and mean amplitude of glycaemic excursions from 8.0±0.6 to 5.5±0.4 mmol/l (p〈0.0005). Weight did not change significantly. Daily caloric and carbohydrate intake remained constant throughout the study while insulin requirements decreased slightly but significantly. Out of the 28 patients, 18 had absent while ten had slight residual B cell function as assessed by plasma C-peptide measurements. Treatment with Acarbose did not significantly affect residual B cell function. The beneficial effect of Acarbose on blood glucose control was seen in patients both with and without residual B cell secretion. The major side-effect was flatulence which was never severe enough to interrupt treatment, but led to a 50% reduction of the dose in one patient. It is concluded that Acarbose represents a useful additional means of improving metabolic control in insulin dependent diabetics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 20
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Diabetologia 31 (1988), S. 3-15 
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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