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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Destabilization of the Karman vortex street by frequency-modulated excitation (1991)
    New York, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 3 (1991), S. 723-725 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A two-dimensional cylinder is subjected to frequency-modulated excitation in the cross-stream direction. Transition from a locked-in response to a completely destabilized response can be attained by lowering the value of modulation frequency while all other parameters are maintained constant. This transition involves progression through a series of identifiable states including lock-in at the modulation frequency, period doubling at the modulation frequency, and spectral-broadened response.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.858004
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Numerical Liouville approach: Formulation of third-order nonlinear optical susceptibilities (1995)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 102 (1995), S. 2986-2995 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: As a continuation of a previous paper [Phys. Rev. A 50, 2989 (1994)], this article develops and describes in detail the new nonperturbative approach to the third-order nonlinear optical susceptibilities χ(3)g(ω) in third-harmonic generation (THG), electric-field-induced second-harmonic generation (EFISH), degenerate four-wave mixing (DFWM), electric-field-induced optical rectification (EFIOR), and electric-field-induced Kerr effect (EFIKE) for N-state quantum systems interacting with intense electric fields. The present method utilizes the Fourier transformation of numerically exact solutions of the Liouville equation, so that it can provide both real and imaginary nonlinear optical spectra valid for arbitrary laser intensities, frequencies, and relaxation. As an application of the method, we investigate the characteristics of nonlinear optical spectra in THG, EFISH, and DFWM for a three-state model that mimics the electronic excited states of t-octatetraene obtained from a full configuration interaction (FCI) calculation using the Pariser–Parr–Pople (PPP) Hamiltonian. Comparisons between the present nonperturbative and the conventional perturbative results are also carried out. The magnitudes of the third-order nonlinear susceptibilities in the off-resonant region show the following trend: χ(3)(THG)(approximately-greater-than)χ(3)(EFISH)(approximately-greater-than)χ(3)(DFWM), with χ(3)(THG) exhibiting the largest frequency dispersion. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.468607
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Numerical Liouville approach: Three-type analysis of virtual excitation processes of third-order nonlinear optical spectra in third-harmonic generation (1995)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 102 (1995), S. 2996-3004 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An analysis method based on virtual excitation processes is developed in numerical Liouville approach, which is a new nonperturbative method presented before. In this analysis method (NLA three-type analysis method), third-order nonlinear optical susceptibilities χ(3)g(ω) obtained by the NLA method can be divided into the three-type virtual excitation processes similar to the three-type analysis based on the time-dependent perturbation theory (TDPT three-type analysis). The NLA three-type analysis method is superior to the TDPT three-type analysis one in the points as follows: (1) the NLA three-type analysis can treat the phenomena caused by the intensity-dependent nonlinear susceptibilities including nonperturbative effects and (2) the NLA three-type analysis can divide the resonant nonlinear susceptibilities into three types of virtual excitation processes. In order to explain the procedure of the present analysis, we try to elucidate the characteristics of virtual excitation processes of nonlinear optical spectra in THG for a three-state model that mimics the electronic excited states of a system with noncentrosymmetric charge distribution. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.468608
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dermal patch anaesthesia for venous cannulation with 10% lignocaine gel containing glycyrrhetinic acid monohemiphthalate disodium as an absorption promoter (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anaesthesia 47 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The clinical efficacy of transdermal 10% lignocaine gel mixture containing 3% w/w glycyrrhetinic acid monohemiphthalate disodium as an absorption promoter was evaluated at venous cannulation in 17 paediatric (6–11 years) and 17 adult (29–65 years) patients. After about 60 min of occlusive application, the mean (SD) pinprick pain score was 0.7 (0.7) in the paediatric group, compared with 1.4 (1.3) in the adults (p 〈 0.05). Twenty-five patients (14 children and 11 adults) who had a pinprick score of 0 or 1 underwent venous cannulation without intradermal local anaesthetic. The mean (SD) pain scores at venepuncture showed no significant differences between children and adults.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1992.tb02398.x
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dermal patch anaesthesia: comparison of 10% lignocaine gel with absorption promoter and EMLA cream (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anaesthesia 48 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The analgesic effects of transdermally applied 10% lignocaine aquagel containing 3% glycyrrhetinic acid monohemiphthalate disodium (as an absorption enhancer) and EMLA cream were compared on the forearms of 34 adult volunteers in a double-blind fashion. The mean pinprick pain scores (graded by noting the number of painful pinpricks out of five) at 30, 60 and 90 min after application and 30 min after removal of the anaesthetics were 3.3 (0.3) (mean SE), 1.2 (0.3), 0.3 (0.1) and 0.3 (0.1) respectively, in the lignocaine gel group. Corresponding scores were 3.5 (0.3), 1.5 (0.3), 0.7 (0.2) and 0.1 (0.1) respectively, in the EMLA group. Insertion of a 26-gauge needle into the treated skin to a depth of 1 mm at 90 min after application was not painful in 91% of the volunteers in the lignocaine gel group and 88% of those in the EMLA group. There was no significant difference in any of the corresponding pain scores between the two groups.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1993.tb07010.x
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regulation of peptide antibiotic production in Bacillus (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 7 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: In Bacillus species, starvation leads to the activation of a number of processes that affect the ability to survive during periods of nutritional stress. Activities that are induced include the development of genetic competence, sporulation, the synthesis of degradative enzymes, motility, and antibiotic production. The genes that function in these processes are activated during the transition from exponential to stationary phase and are controlled by mechanisms that operate primarily at the level of transcription initiation. One class of genes functions in the synthesis of special metabolites such as the peptide antibiotics tyrocidine and gramicidin S as well as the cyclic lipopeptide surfactin. These genes include the grs and tyc operons in Bacillus brevis, which encode gramicidin S synthetase and tyrocidine synthetase, respectively, and the srfA operon of Bacillus subtilis which encodes the enzymes of the surfactin synthetase complex. Peptide antibiotic biosynthesis genes are regulated by factors as diverse as the early sporulation gene product Spo0A, the transition-state regulator AbrB, and gene products (ComA, ComP, and ComQ) required for the initiation of the competence developmental pathway.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.1993.tb01154.x
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CEREBROSIDE IN RICE GRAIN (1974)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 39 (1974), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Cerebroside (hexosylceramide) was isolated from rice grain, identified and examined for composition of fatty acid, sugar and long-chain base constituents. The cerebroside was observed to contain 12 fatty acids; hydroxyarachidic (59.0%), hydroxylignoceric (19.7%) and hydroxybehenic (10.3%) acids were predominant. Glucose was the only sugar constituent. Three component long-chain bases were found: two were identified as sphingosine (72.9%) and dehydrophytosphin-gosine (17.3%). It is thus suggested that the major species of rice grain cerebroside is N-hydroxyarachidyl-glucosyl-sphingosine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1974.tb02927.x
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Study of jaw movement and masticatory muscle activity during unilateral chewing with and without balancing side molar contacts (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 24 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: summary This research evaluated the relationship between balancing side molar contacts and chewing patterns measured with a jaw movement analyser and multi-channel electromyography (EMG) of the masticatory muscles. Nine healthy subjects with relatively normal occlusions participated in the experiment and were divided into those with balancing side molar contacts and those without. The block gum chewing task was performed on each side of the mouth for 10 s. The results showed more asymmetrical levels of jaw closing muscle activity during unilateral chewing in the group with balancing side molar contacts when compared with the group without these contacts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2842.1997.tb01082.x
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative study of bite force during sleep associated bruxism (2001)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 28 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Nocturnal bite force during sleep associated bruxism was measured in 10 subjects. Hard acrylic dental appliances were fabricated for the upper and lower dentitions of each subject. Miniature strain-gauge transducers were mounted to the upper dental appliance at the right and left first molar regions. In addition, thin metal plates that contact the strain-gauge transducers were attached to the lower dental appliance. After a 1-week familiarization with the appliances, nocturnal bite force was measured for three nights at the home of each subject. From the 30 recordings, 499 bruxism events that met the definition criteria were selected. The above described system was also used to measure the maximum voluntary bite forces during the daytime. The mean amplitude of detected bruxism events was 22·5 kgf (s.d. 13·0 kgf) and the mean duration was 7·1 s (s.d. 5·3 s). The highest amplitude of nocturnal bite force in individual subjects was 42·3 kgf (15·6–81·2 kgf). Maximum voluntary bite force during the daytime was 79·0 kgf (51·8–99·7 kgf) and the mean ratio of nocturnal/daytime maximum bite force was 53·1% (17·3–111·6%). These data indicate that nocturnal bite force during bruxism can exceed the amplitude of maximum voluntary bite force during the daytime.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2842.2001.00692.x
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of proximal tooth contact tightness at rest and during clenching (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 31 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary  The aims of this study were to develop a device for measuring the tightness of proximal tooth contact and to evaluate the proximal contact tightness using this device at rest and during clenching. Twenty young adult volunteers with healthy dentition participated in this experiment. The tightness of proximal tooth contact between the second premolar and the first molar of both the maxilla and the mandible was measured by pulling a stainless steel strip between them at rest, and at 20 and 50% clenching levels of maximum voluntary contraction of masseter muscles at intercuspal position. Proximal contact tightness increased as the clenching levels of both the maxilla and the mandible increased. At rest, proximal contact tightness was less in the maxilla than in the mandible, whereas during clenching it was less in the mandible. These results indicate that during clenching, the teeth are displaced and they contact appropriately with adjacent teeth, making it possible to exert sufficient occlusal force while maintaining the integrity of dental arches.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2842.2004.01181.x
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