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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 135 (1989), S. 247-256 
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The exchange between bromamine-T and radioactive bromide has been carried out in various media. The exchange is maximum at pH=2 and decreases in strong as well as weak acid media. No exchange occurs in alkaline medium. The optimum conditions for the preparation of radiobromamine-T with high specific activity are reported.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 135 (1989), S. 257-264 
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The extent of exchange of bromine-82 with bromamine-T in strong acid medium is low due to the formation of $$R\mathop N\limits^ + H_2 Br$$ at lower acid concentrations and bromine at higher acidities. $$R\mathop N\limits^ + H_2 Br$$ formation occurs over a narrow acid concentration range and is less stable than $$R\mathop N\limits^ + H_2 Cl$$ .
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 13
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract This paper reports on the contribution made by some cooperating laboratories to the further development of the k0-method. As to the extensions and improvements, emphasis is put on the availability of an Al−0.1% Au reference material for the k0-standardization of NAA, on the counting of large-diameter samples, on the use of a low-energy photon detector, and on the introduction of the Westcott formalism for the handling of “non-1/v” (n, γ) reactions. A survey is given of a large variety of scientific and industrial applications, including the analysis of biological, geological and geochronological samples, various kinds of reference materials, high-purity products and ceramics, and a number of environmental pollution indicators. As shown, the advantage of the k0-standardization will be fully exploited with an increasing level of automation in NAA laboratories. Eventually, new measurements and evaluations of k0-factors and related nuclear data are given in an Appendix.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 168 (1993), S. 449-455 
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract GaAs is not an ideal matrix for INAA because elements yielding activation products with half-lives up to about 5 d cannot be measured due to the interference by72Ga and76As (t1/2=14.1 h and 26.4 h, respectively). The measurement of radionuclides with longer half-lives is interfered with by74As (t1/2=17.7 d), generated by fast neutrons. However, using an irradiation facility with a very low flux of fast neutrons, in which the generation of74As is minimal, five elements could be determined in GaAs (Cr, Co, Zn, Ag, and Hg). For 27 elements the detection limits were below 1 μg/g and for ten of them below 10 ng/g. The determination of nitrogen in GaAs has been carried out using the (n, p)-reaction on14N, which is induced by thermal neutrons. The activation product,14C, can be effectively separated and purified via14CO2 and counted with high efficiency in a liquid scintillation counter, and nitrogen can be determined with fairly low detection limits if sufficiently high neutron fluxes and long irradiation times are applied. The procedure described is based on a reactor irradiation with a thermal flux of 2·1014 n·cm−2·s−1 for 51 days. 0.16±0.09 μg/g N in GaAs were determined and the detection limit was about 3 ng/g.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 179 (1994), S. 113-118 
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Thek o-standardization method is based on analytical constants, which are γ-line related and the results are calculated from the peak areas of the γ-ray spectrum. Consequently, prerequisites of this method are the correct identification of the γ-lines and the avoidance of unresolved peak interferences. Because these problems are already solved with nuclide identification programs, a new variant of thek o-method was developed, using the activities of the nuclides instead of the peak areas. We introduced isotope related factors,k i, calculated fromk o-factors. The procedure is described and results are compared with those obtained by the γ-line based method.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 245 (2000), S. 163-166 
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract A standardization method for NAA has been developed based on the activation equation and on isotope-related k i -values that are composite nuclear constants. This approach combines the simplicity of the absolute methods with nearly the same accuracy as that obtained by the relative ones. The k i -constants are calculated from the well measured k 0-factors and the neutron flux is determined as with the k 0-method. A computer program was developed for the determination of the neutron flux parameters and the concentration of the trace element. These calculations start with the measured activity of the radionuclides.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 242 (1999), S. 335-340 
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Neutron activation analysis was used for routine measurement of trace elements in thyroids of inhabitants of Belarus as well as in thyroids of people operated for thyroid cancer. The method chosen allowed the analysis of 28 elements, among them essential and toxic ones, with a good accuracy. The results obtained showed significant differences in the elemental composition of thyroid from the different regions. The changes of elemental composition of thyroids of inhabitants of the Gomel region, where goiter is endemic, seem to be identical to those in the tumor tissue.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 223 (1997), S. 177-185 
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Sensitive environmental radioactivity measurement using direct γ-spectroscopy needs to be carried out under particular low-level conditions as the quantity to be determined generally is very close to the natural background. Passive shielding of the detectors in addition to electronic suppression of Compton background resulting from scattering of high energy γ-rays in the gemanium detector seems to be the most promising approach to obtain statistically well defined peaks within reasonable measurement time. Results obtained with a heavily shielded anti-coincidence spectrometer installed at the Research Center Jülich, ideally suited for the measurement of low-level environmental radioactivity in various materials are described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 244 (2000), S. 457-462 
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The 12C(d,n)13N reaction, at 2 MeV, was used for the stoichiometric determination of carbon in reference materials and sintered pellets of SiC ceramics. The preliminary results show higher percentage of carbon on the surface in comparison to the core of the sintered ceramics, indicating the existence of carbon contamination on the surface, possibly caused by the sintering process itself.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pharmacy world & science 13 (1991), S. 97-101 
    ISSN: 1573-739X
    Keywords: Antifungal agents ; Data collection ; Pharmacies ; Regression analysis ; Side-effects ; Steroids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Prescription sequence analysis is based on the observation that a subset of adverse drug reactions are themselves indications for the prescription of another drug. We propose an approach to the analysis of clustering of prescriptions in medication histories that contain records of a presumed side-effect-causing drug A and a side-effect-alleviating drug B. This set of histories with records of both A and B is analysed in a logistic regression model that considers the start of B against exposure and non-exposure of A, stratified on the level of the individual histories. A correction is presented for the periods of B use, during which a new start of B cannot occur. Prescription sequence analysis is demonstrated with a set of histories of use of inhaled steroids (A) and topical oral anticandida drugs (B). A can cause oral candidiasis, B is therapy for this condition. An odds ratio of 1.43 was found for the association of A use and the initiation of therapy with B.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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