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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interference from uranium fission products in the determination of rare earths, zirconium and ruthenium by instrumental neutron activation analysis in rocks and minerals (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 114 (1987), S. 309-318 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract A numerical procedure is given to correct for the interference of U in the determination of the light rare earths, Zr, and Ru. The corresponding interference factors were calculated and their values compared with experimental results. The agreement is favourable in most cases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02039805
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bio-monitoring of trace-element air pollution in Portugal: Qualitative survey (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 217 (1997), S. 21-30 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract During the months of July and August 1993 a lichen collection campaign was held in Portugal where about 250 samples were collected and analysed by thick target TIPIXE and INAA. Results for 44 different elements were obtained and a data base was built and subjected to Monte Carlo Aided Target Transform Factor Analysis (MCATTFA), a method developed at IRI (Delft). 10×10 km2 coast and 50×50 km2 far from coast sampling grids were used for collection. In this work we will present the results which were obtained based on a reduced data set of 36 elements measured by INAA. The results for 22 elements obtained by TTPIXE were published elsewhere. In this work we will also present the conclusions considering all the 44 elements determined by both techniques.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02055344
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dispersion of Chemical Elements in An Industrial Environment Studied by Biomonitoring Using Parmelia Sulcata (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 244 (2000), S. 109-113 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Transplants of the lichen Parmelia sulcata Taylor were suspended in nylon bags within a rectangle of 15 km wide and 25 km long on a grid 2.5 km×2.5 km, centered in a power station. In all of the 47 places two sets of four transplants each were hanged, one facing the wind and the other opposing the wind. Care was taken (1) in covering the two sets with a polyethylene roof to prevent leaching of elements in the lichen, (2) in building a hanging system that could rotate according to the wind direction, and (3) in orienting one set towards the wind and the other set opposite the wind. During a one-year period, one transplant of each set was taken for analysis after a 3 month exposure. Some results of the second campaign (after a 6 month exposure) obtained by INAA are shown and compared with the first campaign (after a 3 month exposure). Elemental contents are mapped and discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006739416504
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Recent advances in the k0-standardization of neutron activation analysis: Extensions, applications, prospects (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 169 (1993), S. 125-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract This paper reports on the contribution made by some cooperating laboratories to the further development of the k0-method. As to the extensions and improvements, emphasis is put on the availability of an Al−0.1% Au reference material for the k0-standardization of NAA, on the counting of large-diameter samples, on the use of a low-energy photon detector, and on the introduction of the Westcott formalism for the handling of “non-1/v” (n, γ) reactions. A survey is given of a large variety of scientific and industrial applications, including the analysis of biological, geological and geochronological samples, various kinds of reference materials, high-purity products and ceramics, and a number of environmental pollution indicators. As shown, the advantage of the k0-standardization will be fully exploited with an increasing level of automation in NAA laboratories. Eventually, new measurements and evaluations of k0-factors and related nuclear data are given in an Appendix.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02046790
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of the REE in environmental samples near a coal power station based on k0-standardized NAA with counting in a LEPD (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 169 (1993), S. 219-228 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The Ree contents in lichens and plants determined by k0-standardized NAA with LEPD and HPGe are compared. We obtain similar values for Sm, Eu, Tb and Yb and better values for Ce and Nd by using LEPD Besides, LEPD allows the determination of Gd, Tm and Lu. The study of REE concentrations in the neighbourhood of two coal power stations show that: i) in the station under construction (C. T. Pego), the index of accumulation of each REE by the lichens and olive tree leaves is identical in two sampling loci where the soils have different REE concentration; and ii) in the station in operation (C. T. Sines), the REE contents in the soils is identical and the differences observed in the lichens and wild terrestrial plants are most probably due to the fly-ashes emmission from the station.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02046796
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bioaccumulation of heavy metals usingParmelia sulcata andParmelia caperata for air pollution studies (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 217 (1997), S. 17-20 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract k 0-Standardized INAA was applied to the determination of heavy elements in two lichen varieties of the speciesParmelia: caperata andsulcata. The aim was to find out differentiations between the two varieties concerning the accumulation of elements from the air. The samples were collected at about 70 locations randomly chosen in the whole country (Portugal). It was found a similar local variation for both species, between 20–25%. From the comparison it was observed thatParmelia sulcata accumulates larger amounts of most of the elements determined thanParmelia caperata; only Ca is more accumulated by thecaperata and Hg are similarly absorbed by both varieties. Therefore, it was concluded thatParmelia sulcata should be preferred as bioaccumulator when both varieties are present. Some pollution sources were identified, but the sampling net was too short to obtain an exhaustive identification. The quality control was made using NIST and IAEA reference materials: an accuracy of ±10% was found. The precision has also been estimated: it is better than 11% except for Hg (15%), Sr (13%), Ti (19%) and Mg (32%).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02055343
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation of a lichen reference material (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 169 (1993), S. 47-55 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract For preparation of a multielement lichen reference material for environmental studies, 25 kg of the epyphitic lichen Evernia prunastri (L.) Ach. was collected in unpolluted regions of Portugal. The lichen was removed from Cistus ladanifer and Quercus spp. The material was ground to a mesh size ≤125 μm. The material homogeneity was evaluated by determining Na, K, Mn, Br, As, La and Sm on two samples of 100 mg taken at each of 20 locations of the bulk material; the locations were randomly chosen. The k0-based INAA was used. The material is homogeneous for fractions ≥100 mg, as shown by the evaluation of the heterogeneity of the subsampling operation in the 20 locations and by the results of a one-way analysis of variance for the data obtained. The composition of Evernia prunastri varies neither with the region where it grows nor with the date of collection. This work was accomplished under contract with the IAEA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02046782
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Elemental characterization of a candidate lichen research material — IAEA-336 (1995)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 352 (1995), S. 227-231 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A lichen research material, prepared from the species Evernia prunastri, was produced by a co-operation between the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and the Instituto de Ciencias e Engenharia Nucleares (INETI) in Sacavém, Portugal. An international intercomparison study was carried out, with 42 independent sets of results being reported from participants in 26 countries. The statistical evaluation of the collected data resulted in recommended values for 17 elements and information values for 15 elements. The criteria for assigning the values are provided, including the use of information obtained through the parallel analysis of a second material, IAEA-359, Cabbage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00322332
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