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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Citric acid in tomato plant roots and its effect on cadmium uptake and distribution (1995)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 171 (1995), S. 333-339 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: cadmium ; citric acid ; distribution ; roots ; tomato ; uptake
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of root citric acid on uptake and initial distribution of cadmium (Cd) in tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum, cv. Tiny Tim). Cd was measured by γ-spectrometry, using 115Cd spikes. Citric acid was measured by UV-detection, and, after spiking with 14C-citric acid, by β-spectrometry. Cd was applied for 48 h periods, in control experiments, in the presence of citric acid, and after 24 h plant pre-incubation with citric acid. Pre-incubation resulted in two-fold increases in fast-exchangeable amounts of root citric acid, as measured by the presence of citric acid in xylem exudates of decapitated and pressurized roots. Simultaneous application of Cd and citric acid did not change Cd accumulation in total plants and in the roots, nor did any significant change occur with respect to Cd root-to-shoot transport, and Cd concentrations in shoot tissues and xylem fluid. After citric acid pre-incubation, total plant uptake of Cd increased twofold, without any significant change in Cd accumulation in the roots. Cd root-to-shoot transport was increased 5–6 fold, and Cd concentrations in shoot tissues and xylem fluid were increased 6–8 fold. Speciation calculations indicated that, under the conditions applied, xylem Cd may be, at least partly, complexed in citric acid. A C Borstlap Section editor
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00010289
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Moss interspecies comparisons in trace element concentrations (1995)
    Springer
    Environmental monitoring and assessment 35 (1995), S. 263-286 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2959
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Within the framework of a European-scaled moss survey, various moss species were sampled throughout The Netherlands [NL], Germany [D], and Switserland [CH], and used in moss interspecies comparisons of elemental concentrations. Moss species considered were Pleurozium schreberi [NL,D,CH], Brachythecium rutabulum [NL], Hypnum cupressiforme [D,CH], Hylocomium splendens [D,CH], and Scleropodium purum [D]. Element analysis was carried out directly (The Netherlands, Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis: As, Br, Ce, Cr, Cs, Fe, La, Mn, Na, Rb, Sc, Se, Sm, Th, Ti, V and Zn), or after sample digestion (The Netherlands, ICP-MS: Pb, Germany, AAS/ICP-AES: Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, Ti, V, and Zn; Switzerland, ICP-AES/ICP-MS: Co, V, and Zn). Local variations (=within sampling sites) in element concentrations were estimated, based upon in-site multiple sampling and analysis of Pleurozium schreberi species in The Netherlands. Element concentrations in moss species were compared in linear correlations, both in unweighted and weighted fits, with weighing factors based on the local variation data. Weighted fits were shown to generally improve the calibration characteristics, as tracked by X 2 calculations. The calibration data suggest the presence of previously unnoticed outliers in element concentrations. The absence of further information, however, may prescribe the use of all data in comparison procedures. These results indicate that interlaboratory analysis of replicate samples and the use of dedicated certified reference materials may help solving problems in the analysis of the sample series. For several of the considered interspecies comparisons, weighted calibrations could be based on significant correlations (P=0.05). Actual use, however, will remain arbitrarily decided upon, and may be based on decisions as to what to accept with respect to the levels of uncertainty in the calibration parameters. Furthermore, the use of calibrations in extrapolation modes is greatly restricted by the necessary reservations in geographically larger-scaled applications.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00547636
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relations between sulphate, ammonia, nitrate, acidity and trace element concentrations in tree bark in The Netherlands (1996)
    Springer
    Environmental monitoring and assessment 40 (1996), S. 185-201 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2959
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Bark flakes were sampled in a biomonitoring survey throughout The Netherlands. Tree species used were oak (65 samples) and ‘non-oak’ (58 samples) (poplar, elm, willow). Bark elemental analysis was carried out for As, Br, Ca, Cd, Ce, Co, Cr, Cs, Fe, Hg, K, La, Na, Ni, Pb, Rb, Sb, Sc, Se, Sm, Th, and Zn. Furthermore, bark acidity, SO4, NH4 and NO3 were determined. Further variables introduced into the data-set were DIST (closest distance to sea water) and the dummy variably OAK (tree species). Straightforward multivariate correlation analysis was performed to check the effects on bark metal retention of the non-metal pollutants SO4, NH4 and NO3, and of bark acidity. The OAK variable served to identify species-specific metal and non-metal pollutant behaviour. The DIST variable was used to visualize geography(source)-related variations in bark metal and non-metal pollutant concentrations, and to account for the non-random distribution of OAK and non-OAK tree species. The results indicate that the non-oak and oak bark samples may be combined to form 123 samples containing data-set for As, Br, Cd, Ce, Co, Fe, La, Na, Sc, Sm, Th, Zn, NH4, NO4, SO4 and acidity, but not for Rb, Cs, Se, K, Ni, Pb and Sb (species-specific) and for Ca and Hg (H+-dependent). In the presented data-set, bark sulphate, ammonia and nitrate could not be shown to significantly affect bark metal retention.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00414391
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bio-monitoring of trace-element air pollution in Portugal: Qualitative survey (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 217 (1997), S. 21-30 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract During the months of July and August 1993 a lichen collection campaign was held in Portugal where about 250 samples were collected and analysed by thick target TIPIXE and INAA. Results for 44 different elements were obtained and a data base was built and subjected to Monte Carlo Aided Target Transform Factor Analysis (MCATTFA), a method developed at IRI (Delft). 10×10 km2 coast and 50×50 km2 far from coast sampling grids were used for collection. In this work we will present the results which were obtained based on a reduced data set of 36 elements measured by INAA. The results for 22 elements obtained by TTPIXE were published elsewhere. In this work we will also present the conclusions considering all the 44 elements determined by both techniques.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02055344
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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