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  • 11
    ISSN: 1365-2516
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary.  Routine infusions of factor VIII to prevent bleeding, known as prophylaxis, and other intensive therapies are being more broadly applied to patients with haemophilia. These therapies differ widely in replacement product usage, cost, frequency of venous access and parental effort. In order to address residual issues relating to recommendations, implementation, and evaluations of prophylaxis therapy in persons with haemophila, a multinational working group was formed and called the International Prophylaxis Study Group (IPSG). The group was comprised of haemophilia treaters actively involved in studies of prophylaxis from North America and Europe. Two expert committees, the Physical Therapy (PT) Working Group and the Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Working Group were organized to critically assess existing tools for assessment of joint outcome. These two committees independently concluded that the WFH Physical Examination Scale (WFH PE Scale) and the WFH X-ray Scale (WFH XR Scale) were inadequately sensitive to detect early changes in joints. New scales were developed based on suggested modifications of the existing scales and called the Haemophilia Joint Health Score (HJHS) and the International MRI Scales. The new scales were piloted. Concordance was measured by the intra-class correlation coefficient of variation. Reliability of the HJHS was excellent with an inter-observer co-efficient of 0.83 and a test-retest value of 0.89. The MRI study was conducted using both Denver and European scoring approaches; inter-reader reliability using the two approaches was 0.88 and 0.87; test-retest reliability was 0.92 and 0.93. These new PT and MRI scales promise to improve outcome assessment in children on early preventive treatment regimens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 10 (1999), S. 711-714 
    ISSN: 1573-4838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Several polyurethane-maleamides (PUMAs) containing polyether or polycarbonate soft segments, and aromatic or aliphatic hard segments were synthesized by solution or bulk polymerization, using maleic acid (MA) or a mixture of MA and butanediol as chain extenders. Using this process, activated double bonds are introduced into the polymer chains and the base polyurethanes may undergo further modification via specific grafting, thus improving their tissue compatibility. PUMAs chemicophysical properties were evaluated by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), intrinsic viscosity analyses, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and tensile mechanical tests. Polycarbonate diol (PCU)-based PUMAs showed higher molecular weights than polyether diol (PEU)-based ones. The use of butanediol in mixture with maleic acid led to an increase of molecular weights. FT-IR confirmed the presence of the bands related to the amide groups and to the conjugated double bond, yet more evident for the polymer obtained in solution. The higher crystallinity shown by this polymer was also indicative of a better phase separation. All the PCU-PUMAs exhibited similar tensile properties with a higher stiffness than PEU-PUMAs. Among the PEU-PUMAs, the highest tensile properties were shown by the polymer obtained in solution, and by the one derived from a mixture of maleic acid and butanediol.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 10 (1999), S. 635-639 
    ISSN: 1573-4838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Over the last 30 years, water-swellable and water-insoluble hydrogels have been extensively investigated and developed, leading to a large family of materials which have found uses in a wide range of biomedical applications. While hydrogels usually present a crosslinked structure, linear polyurethane-ureas (PUUs) based on poly(ethylene oxide) have been shown to be able to absorb and swell with aqueous media without dissolving. This behavior is due to the phase separated domain morphology, where hydrogen bonded urethane/urea hard segment domains are dispersed in a PEO soft segment domain. This work investigates the possibility of obtaining linear poly(ethylene oxide)-based polyurethane-amide (PUA) hydrogels using two amide diols as chain extenders, a mono amide diol (AD) and a diamide diol (DD), and a dicarboxylic acid (maleic acid, MA). Poly(ethylene oxide) based PUAs were obtained using a “one-shot” bulk polymerization technique. The chemicophysical characterization and water-solubility tests showed that these materials, while having molecular weights similar to the PUUs, do not possess sufficient phase separation, hydrogen bonding and hydrophobicity of the hard segment domains to exhibit hydrogel behavior. Crosslinked PUAs using maleic acid as chain extender show interesting hydrogel properties. © 1999 Kluwer Academic Publishers
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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