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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 44 (1992), S. 1383-1388 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A series of novel polyamides was prepared by low temperature solution polycondensation of N-(p/m-aminobenzoyl aminoacetyl)-N'-(4/3-aminobenzoyl) hydrazine with different diacid chlorides in dry N,N-Dimethylacetamide (DMAC). The properties of the polyamides for membrane processing were studied with the help of infrared spectra, inherent viscosity, differential thermal, and thermogravimetric analysis. The inherent viscosities were measured in concentrated sulfuric acid at 25±5°C and were in the range of 0.35-0.89 dL/g. The thermogravimetric data in air indicate that the initial decomposition temperature was in the range of 175-200°C. The polymer melt temperature (Tm) and glass transition temperature (Tg) were in the range of 230-450°C and 153.3-300°C, respectively.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 34 (1987), S. 191-201 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Potassium persulfate-thiourea redox couple has been employed to graft poly(methyl methacrylate) onto wool in the presence of air under different reaction conditions. Graft copolymers were characterized by scanning electron micrographs, thermogravimetry, etc. The effect of additives on graft copolymerization has been studied, and a suitable reaction mechanism has been proposed.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 11 (1973), S. 751-762 
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The polymerization of acrylamide initiated by the acidic permanganate-ascorbic acid redox pair has been studied in aqueous media at 30 ± 0.2°C in nitrogen atmosphere. The initial rate of polymerization has been found to be proportional to nearly the first power of the catalyst KMnO4 concentration within the range 6.0 × 10-3-14.0 × 10-3 mole/l. The rate is proportional to the first power of the monomer concentration within the range 4.00 × 10-2-12.0 × 10-2 mole/l. However, the rate of polymerization is independent of ascorbic acid concentration within the range 3.0 × 10-3-6.0 × 10-3 mole/l., but the further increase of the concentration depresses the rate of polymerization as well as maximum conversion. The initial rate increases but the maximum conversion decreases as the temperature is increased within the range 20-35°C. The overall energy of activation has been found to be 9.8 kcal/mole. The optimum amount of sulfuric acid is essential to initiate the polymerization but its presence in excess produces no effect either on the rate of reaction or the maximum conversion. Water-miscible organic solvents and salts, e.g., CH3OH, C2H5OH, (CH3)2CHOH, KCl, and Na2SO4, depress the rate. Slight amounts of MnSO4 · H2O and a complexing agent NaF increase the rate of polymerization. Cationic and anionic detergents have been found to decrease and increase the rate, respectively, while nonionic surfactants have no effect on the rate of polymerization.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 19 (1981), S. 1517-1524 
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The aqueous polymerization of methacrylamide (I) initiated by KBrO3-thioglycolic acid (TGA) has been studied at 30 ± 0.2°C in nitrogen. The rate is given by K[M]1.19 [thioglycolic acid]1 [KBrO3]0.53 for 10-15% conversion. Activation energy was found to be 53.96 kJ/mole (12.92 kcal/mole) in the investigated range of temperature 30-45°C. The role of addition of a series of aliphatic alcohols and some salts was also determined. The kinetics of polymerization was followed iodometrically.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 22 (1984), S. 3599-3602 
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 2665-2674 
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The aqueous polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) initiated by potassium persulfate (I)-thiomalic acid (TMA) redox couple has been studied at 30 ± 0.2°C under nitrogen atmosphere. The rate of polymerization is given by \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ R_p = K[{\rm MMA}]^{0.98} [{\rm K}_2 {\rm S}_2 {\rm O}_8]^x [{\rm TMA}]^{0.44} $$\end{document} up to 20.0 mmol/L TMA concentration, where x = 0.52 for the I concentration 0.6-10 mmol/L and x = 0.27 for higher I concentrations. The temperature had a marked effect on initial rate and maximum conversion. The overall energy of activation was found to be 11.79 kcal/mol (49.31 kJ/mol). Injection of more initiator (I) at intermediate stages enhanced both the initial rate and maximum conversion. Ag (I) and Fe (III) depressed initial rate as well as maximum conversion, while Cu (II) activated the polymerization. The effect of solvent was also studied.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 17 (1979), S. 4129-4133 
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: No Abstract
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 158 (1972), S. 9-19 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Es wurde die mit Kaliumbromat/Thioharnstoff ausgelöste Redoxpolymerisation von Acrylamid in wäßrigen, sauren Medien bei 25 ± 0,2°C unter Stickstoffatmosphäre untersucht.Die Polymerisationsgeschwindigkeit ist im Bereich von 0,75·10-2 bis 2,0·10-2 mol·l-1 von der 1. Potenz der Kaliumbromatkonzentration und im Bereich von 2,85·10-2 bis 8,55·10-2 mol·l-1 annähernd von der 1. Potenz der Chlorwasserstoffkonzentration abhängig. Von der Thioharnstoffkonzentration ist die Polymerisationsgeschwindigkeit jedoch unabhängig; im Bereich von 6,0·10-2 bis 10,0·10-2 mol·l-1 ist sie hingegen von der 1. Potenz der Konzentration des Monomeren abhängig. Im Bereich von 19 bis 35°C nimmt die Startgeschwindigkeit mit steigender Temperatur zu, der maximale Umsatz hingegen ab.Die gesamte Aktivierungsenergie beträgt im genannten Temperaturbereich 22,9 kcal·mol-1. Mit Wasser mischbare, organische Lösungsmittel sowie mono- und dibasische Salze haben dieselbe Wirkung, wie sie von MISRA et al. beobachtet wurde. Kationische und anionische Netzmittel erhöhen bzw. erniedrigen die Polymerisationsgeschwindigkeit (Rp), während neutrale Netzmittel keine Wirkung haben.
    Notes: The aqueous polymerization of acrylamide initiated by bromate/thiourea redox system has been studied in acidic media at 25 ± 0.2°C in a nitrogen atmosphere.The rate of polymerization has been found to vary with the first power of the potassium bromate concentration within the range 0.75·10-2 to 2.0·10-2 mole·1-1 and nearly with the first power of the hydrochloric acid concentration within the range 2.85·10-2 to 8.55·10-2 mole·1-1. However, the rate of polymerization is independent of the thiourea concentration, but varies with the first power of the monomer concentration within the range 6.0·10-2 to 10.0·10-2 mole·1-1. The initial rate increases but the maximum conversion decreases as the temperature increases within the range 19 to 35°C.The over all energy of activation has been found to be 22.9 kcal·mole-1 within the temperature range mentioned above. Water miscible organic solvents and mono- and dibasic salts show the same effect as given by MISRA et al. The effect of cationic and anionic surfactants has been found to increase and decrease the rate of polymerization (Rp) respectively, however non-ionic detergents have no effect on the (Rp).
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 19
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Alkaline hydrolysis of a cyclic compound (IV) which was prepared out of a dinuclear phenolic compound gave a molecularly homogeneous tetra-methacrylic acid (VII) and the original phenolic compound. The synthesis of the same acid could also be accomplished from structurally different dinuclear phenolic compounds only when the inner molecular distance between phenolic hydroxyl groups remained favourable to the reaction.
    Notes: Es wurde aus einer phenolischen Zweikernverbindung eine cyclische Verbindung IV hergestellt, die bei der alkalischen Hydrolyse eine molekulareinheitliche Tetramethacrylsäure (VII) und die phenolische Ausgangsverbindung gab. Die Synthese der gleichen Säure (VII) gelang auch mit strukturell verschiedenen Zweikernverbindungen, wenn nur bei den verwendeten Matrizen der innermolekulare Abstand der beiden phenolischen Hydroxylgruppen für die Reaktion günstig war.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 119 (1968), S. 74-85 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die durch das Redoxsystem Permanganat/Oxalsäure ausgelöste Polymerisation von Acrylamid wurde untersucht, und zwar unter Stickstoff in wäßriger Lösung bei 35 ± 0,2°C. Die Polymerisationsgeschwindigkeit ist im Konzentrationsbereich von 0,75·10-3 bis 7,5·10-3 Mol/l von der Oxalsäurekonzentration unabhängig. Bei niedriger Monomerkonzentration ist die Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit dieser proportional. Der Exponent der Katalysatorkonzentration (KMnO4) nimmt mit steigender Konzentration von nahezu I auf etwa 0,65 ab, vermutlich wegen eines zusätzlichen Abbruches wachsender Ketten durch Primärradikale. Die Anfangsgeschwindigkeit nimmt mit steigender Polymerisationstemperatur zu. Zwischen 25 und 50°C beträgt die Bruttoaktivierungsenergie 11,97 kcal/mol. Kleine Mengen an MnSO4 steigern die Anfangsgeschwindigkeit beträchtlich, wogegen sie durch andere Salze (KCI, Na2SO4) oder durch organische, mit Wasser mischbare Lösungsmittel erniedrigt wird. Hohe Konzentrationen an Na2SO4, KCl und auch MnSO4 verursachen Kettenabbruch. NaF, das als Komplexbildner wirkt, vermindert die Anfangsgeschwindigkeit, wogegen es die Ausbeute steigert.Wird während der Polymerisation in zeitlichen Abständen neuer Katalysator (KMnO4) zugesetzt, dann steigt sowohl die Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit als auch die Ausbeute.
    Notes: The polymerization of acrylamide initiated by permanganate/oxalic acid redox pair has been studied in aqueous media at 35 ± 0.2°C in nitrogen atmosphere.The rate of polymerization is independent of activator (oxalic acid) concentration (0.75·10-3 to 7.5·10-3 mole/l.) except at very high (above 7.5·10-3 mole/l.) or very low (below 0.75·10-3 mole/l.) concentrations of the activator. The rate varies linearly at low monomer concentration. The catalyst exponent decreases from nearly unity to 0.65 with the increase in the concentration of catalyst (KMnO4) probably due to participation of primary radicals in the termination of the growing chain.The initial rate increases with increase in the polymerization temperature. The overall energy of activation has been found to be 11.97 Kcal/mole within the temperature range 25-50°C.Organic solvents (water miscible only) and salts (KCI, Na2SO4) depress the initial rate but small amounts of manganous salts (MnSO4) can increase the initial rate to a considerable extent. High concentration of salts (Na2SO4, KCl, and MnSO4) causes termination of the growing chain. A complexing agent, NaF, decreases the initial rate but the limiting conversion is increased.Introduction of new catalyst at intermediate stages of polymerization increases both the rate and the limiting conversion.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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