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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of nutrition 27 (1988), S. 155-169 
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Keywords: acesulfame ; anion transport ; cyclamate ; saccharin ; streptococcus mutans ; sweetener ; Acesulfam ; Anionentransport ; Cyclamat ; Saccharin ; Streptococcus mutans ; Süßstoff
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In einem 1-Octanol/Phosphatpuffersystem war Saccharin viel stärker lipophil, als aus seiner Dissoziationskonstante abgeleitet werden kann; diese dagegen bestimmte die Verteilung von Acesulfam und Cyclamat. Die Aufnahme von Saccharin in S. mutans ergab eine 30-bis 40fache Anreicherung dieses Süßstoffs gegenüber dem Medium. Acesulfam und Cyclamat verteilten sich zwischen Zellen und Medium im wesentlichen nach einem diffusionskontrollierten Vorgang. Die Aufnahme von Saccharin in S. mutans erwies sich als von einer gleichzeitigen Zuckerfermentation abhängig, ferner auch vom Außen-pH, von der Süßstoff-Konzentration und der Zellzahl. Ohne Glykolyse — z. B. aufgrund des Verbrauchs der vorgelegten Saccharose, wegen eines zu sauren pH-Wertes im Medium oder wegen Anwesenheit von Glykolyse-Inhibitoren — war die Aufnahme von Saccharin ebenso nur diffusionskontrolliert wie die des Acesulfams und die des Cyclamats. Durch Zugabe von L-Lactat ins Medium, wodurch die Richtung des Lactat-Gradienten umgekehrt wurde, war die Saccharin-Aufnahme gehemmt. Die Aktivierungsenergie der Saccharin-Aufnahme betrug rund 18 kJ/Mol, während die Glykolyse selbst je nach Versuchsbedingungen 82–98 kJ/Mol erforderte. Bis zu 100 attomol Saccharin wurden pro Bakterienzelle gefunden. Daraus läßt sich schließen, daß die Cytomembran von S. mutans an der Vermittlung der Hemmeffekte von Saccharin auf die Zuckervergärung — durch Antiport des Intensivsüßstoffs in die Bakterienzelle im Austausch gegen Lactat — beteiligt ist.
    Notes: Summary In a 1-octanol/phosphate buffer system, saccharin was much more lipophilic than would be inferred from its dissociation constant which, however, determined the partition behavior of acesulfame and cyclamate. The uptake of saccharin into Streptococcus mutans led to a 30 to 40-fold higher concentration of this intense sweetener within cells than in the incubation medium. Acesulfame and cyclamate were distributed between cells and medium essentially in a diffusioncontrolled manner. The uptake of saccharin into S. mutans was found to depend strongly on simultaneous sugar fermentation, and in addition, on external pH, sweetener concentrations, and cell densities. Without glycolysis, caused, for example, by an exhaustion of added sucrose, too acidic external pH, or the addition of glycolysis inhibitors, the uptake of saccharin was diffusion-controlled as in the case of acesulfame and cyclamate. The uptake of saccharin was inhibited by a reversal of the direction of the lactate gradient from in → out to out → in. The activation energy of saccharin uptake into glycolyzing S. mutans was near 18 kJ/mol, while glycolysis itself required 82–98 kJ/mol as activation energy, depending somewhat on experimental conditions. Up to 100 attomol of saccharin per bacterial cell was observed. It was concluded that the cytomembrane of S. mutans was involved in mediating the inhibitory effects of saccharin by an antiport of saccharin into cells in exchange for lactate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 12
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Keywords: intestinal bacteria ; colonic microflora ; Acarbose ; anaerobic metabolization ; microorganisms
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Acarbose wurde mit einem künstlichen In-vitro-System auf Biotransformation durch lebensfähige intestinale Mikroflora geprüft, die aus den unteren Darmabschnitten von Probanden und Ratten stammte. Dazu wurde14C-Acarbose mit Darmkeimen, Nährstoffen und Spurenelementen inkubiert. Das Metabolitmuster von Acarbose setzt sich sowohl bei Menschen als auch bei der Ratte im wesentlichen aus Komponente 2, einem um Ring D ärmeren Homologen aus der Acarbose-Reihe, aus einem basischen Disaccharid, das aus den Ringen B und C des Ausgangsmoleküles besteht, und Komponente 1 zusammen. Letztere Verbindung entsteht durch spontane Umlagerung des nicht faßbaren Acarviosins (Ring A und B) in die trizyklische Verbindung mit Oxazolidin-Struktur. Acarviosin wird bei der Abspaltung von Ring C aus Komponente 2 gebildet. Das Metabolitmuster von Acarbose verändert sich durch eine mehrwöchige Einnahme dieser Substanz im Vergleich zum nicht adaptierten Menschen oder zur nicht adaptierten Ratte gravierend. Adaptierte intestinale Mikroflora liefert sowohl aus Acarbose als auch aus der trizyklischen Komponente 1 reichhaltigere Metabolitmuster. Neben den oben beschriebenen Produkten konnten methylierte, hexosylierte und n-butyrylierte Derivate von Acarbose und/oder Komponente 2 nachgewiesen werden.
    Notes: Summary The biotransformation of Acarbose (Bay g 5421) by an artificial in vitro system with viable intestinal microorganisms was investigated. The bacteria were obtained from the colon of man or from the caecum and colon of rats and were incubated anaerobically with14C-Acarbose in a nutrient solution. The metabolites were separated and purified by Chromatographic methods and identified by nuclear magnetic resonance (1H;13C) spectrometry and by mass spectrometry. Metabolites in man and rat are component 2 (minus the terminal glucose of Acarbose), a basic disaccharide consisting of rings B and C, and component 1. This latter substance is formed, after hydrolytic cleavage of the internal glucose of Acarbose, by spontaneous rearrangement of rings A and B (Acarviosine) into a tricyclic oxazolidine. The metabolite pattern of Acarbose is changed profoundly after several weeks of pretreatment of man or rat with this compound. The microflora adapted in such a manner yields in addition methylated, hexosylated, and n-butyroylated derivatives of Acarbose and/or component 2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 15 (1959), S. 487-488 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 5 (1949), S. 449-449 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The authors raise the question, if enzymatic processes possibly linked with the mitotic cell division may be influenced by mitotic poisons. The presented date show an inhibition of the dephosphorylation of desoxyribonucleotides at a rate of about 50% and of the deamination of about 40% by colchicine (final concentration 1·2·10−2M).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 7 (1951), S. 379-380 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ATPase activity is inhibited by Colchicin in concentrations of 10−3 m and 10−4 m at a rate of 40 to 20 %, but in no way in the range of 10−7 m and 10−8 m, where Colchicin exerts its typical spindle-blocking action on the mitotic cell division. It is therefore no evidence, that Colchicin acts by influence on the energy yielding ATP-ATPase system, which was proposed to be responsible for the spindle contraction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European food research and technology 125 (1964), S. 203-206 
    ISSN: 1438-2385
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European food research and technology 125 (1964), S. 206-208 
    ISSN: 1438-2385
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of legal medicine 88 (1982), S. 75-78 
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Keywords: Enzyme activity, malic enzyme, peptidase A and α-fucosidase ; Malic enzyme, activity ; Peptidase A, activity ; α-fucosidase, activity ; Enzymaktivität, Malic enzyme, Peptidase A und α-Fucosidase ; Malic enzyme, Aktivität ; Peptidase A, Aktivität ; α-Fucosidase, Aktivität
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Zwei unterschiedliche Präparationen mononuclearer Blutzellen (eine gemischte Zellpopulation, bestehend aus Lymphozyten, Monozyten und Thrombozyten in einem Fall, eine Präparation reiner Lymphozyten im anderen) wurden auf die Aktivität der Enzyme Malic enzyme, Peptidase A und α-Fucosidase überprüft. Keines der drei Enzyme konnte in der reinen Lymphozytenpräparation nachgewiesen werden. In der gemischten Zellpopulation war der Nachweis in jedem Fall erfolgreich. Die Expression dieser Enzyme ist also offenbar an Mono- bzw. Thrombozyten gebunden.
    Notes: Summary Two different kinds of mononuclear blood cell samples (mixed blood cell population consisting of lymphocytes, monocytes, and platelets; pure lymphocyte population) were tested for enzyme activity of mitochondrial malic enzyme, peptidase A, and α-fucosidase. None of the three enzymes was demonstrable in the pure lymphocyte preparation; the mixed cell population, however, exhibited a distinct enzyme activity. Positive reactivity is thus obviously dependent upon monocytes and/or platelets.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 19
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 20
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Embryonic Metabolism ; Nucleic Acid Metabolism ; Screening Methods ; 5-Fluoro-deoxycytidine ; 5-Fluoro-uracil ; Cycloheximide ; Embryonaler Stoffwechsel ; Nucleinsäure Stoffwechsel ; Screening-Methoden ; 5-Fluoro-deoxycytidin ; 5-Fluorouracil ; Cycloheximid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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