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  • 11
    ISSN: 0032-8332
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The hematology of the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) was investigated to provide reference values for the normal animal. Red blood cell counts, white blood cell counts, hemoglobins, mean cell volumes and differential white blood cell mean values were determined for Texas A&M colony-born animals and those obtained from the wild. The analyses were completed on 31 animals, three times each, for a total of 93 analyses, which included 16 colony-born and 15 wild-born marmosets. The hematological mean values found for marmosets were similar to those mean values reported for humans. The ranges for the hematology values were much narrower in the colony-born marmosets, and the average white blood cell count was significantly lower in these animals. This indicated that it is possible to produce and maintain a more uniform animal in the colony environment and, consequently, these animals are more suitable than wild-born animals for use as models for human research.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 12
    ISSN: 0032-8332
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The major objective of this study was to establish standard glucose and lactose tolerance curves for the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus). These data were utilized to establish criteria for detection of abnormal glucose tolerance and characterization of some aspects of the “marmoset wasting syndrome” which has been observed in this species. Glucose and lactose tolerance tests were performed on healthy animals and typical “marmoset wasters.” Eighteen normal animals were 18 to 36 months old and weighed 194–280 g. Six “wasters” were in the age range of 24 to 84 months and weighed 163–253 g. Seven experiments were carried out for each glucose tolerance test. In each trial it was observed that the serum glucose concentration (SGC) of the healthy animal after 90 min was two times higher than the pre-administration concentrations. The SGC returned to the pre-administration concentration within 150–300 min in animals administered glucose at dosages of 2 g/kg and 1 g/kg of body weight. However, at the dosage level of 5 g/kg body weight, the SGC of the animals tripled after 30 min and required 300 min to return to the pre-administration level. The 2 g/kg dosage level was chosen as typical. When similar experiments were conducted with animals identified as “chronic wasters,” all of the animals except one were observed to be inefficient in the absorption of glucose. When lactose was administered at a level of 4 g/kg, similar results were obtained. Normal and “waster” marmosets were also subjected to serum total protein, albumin and electrophoresis determinations in an effort to establish additional criteria that may be utilized in the identification of the “marmoset wasting” syndrome. Serum albumin was significantly higher in the “waster” marmosets 30 min following an oral administration of glucose than was observed in normal animals. Total protein values were not significantly lower in the “wasters” when subjected to the same tolerance test. The albumin level in normal animals was not affected by similar glucose tolerance tests. The electrophoretic patterns of serum protein for normal animals exhibited more bands than was observed in patterns of serum protein for “waster” marmosets. From these data, it seems logical that these diagnostic tests may be useful in developing a profile for the early detection of the “wasting” syndrome in marmosets.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 293 (1960), S. 237-244 
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Eine Dacronprothese, die bei einem 70jährigen Patienten 1 Jahr lang komplikationslos eingeheilt war, zeigte eine bis zum Tode einwandfreie Funktionstüchtigkeit. Ihre histologische Untersuchung bestätigte die tierexperimentellen Erfahrungen der „autoplastischen Arteriogenese” entlang der Kunststoffleitschiene mit körpereigenem Neuaufbau von funktioneller Intima, Adventitia und nutritiven Gefäßen. Im Bereich der Intima fanden sich reichlich hyaline und lipide Substanzen. Die hyaline Innenschicht selbst zeigte zum Teil eine durch Fibrinniederschläge aufgerauhte Oberfläche. Die Einlagerung dieser Substanzen scheint durch die Breite der Fibrin- bzw. Hyalinschicht und dadurch erschwerte Ernährung der bradytrophen Intima begünstigt gewesen zu sein. Für die Breite dieser Innenschicht scheinen in erster Linie die Faktoren der Blutstromgeschwindigkeit, der Maschentiefe des gestrickten Kunststoffrohres und der Kunststoffart verantwortlich zu sein. Der ursprünglich rasch entwickelte Fibrinfilm wird durch kolloidale Verdichtung allmählich in eine hyaline, PAS-positive Substanz umgewandelt, die wiederum von außen zellulär und vasculär „organisiert” wird.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 244 (1987), S. 190-193 
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Tinnitus ; Hypozincemia ; Zinc
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We examined a group of 115 patients suffering from tinnitus and have attempted to find a statistically significant correlation between the tinnitus experienced and low blood zinc levels (hypozincemia). No particular correlation could be made between the nature of the tinnitus experienced and hypozincemia except for the continuation of head noises, these being more frequently associated with hypozincemia when they are intermittent. Two hypotheses of pathogenesis are proposed to explain this phenomenon and are based on the importance of zinc to the syntheses of enzymes and proteins.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The European physical journal 81 (1990), S. 223-228 
    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Dependent on $$\bar cFe_{1 - \bar c} P_{\bar c} $$ is produced through electrodeposition in three modifications: microcrystalline if $$0.01〈 \bar c〈 0.115$$ , amorphous if $$0.15〈 \bar c〈 0.28$$ and in a mixed state containing both components if $$0.115〈 \bar c〈 0.15$$ . The interpretation of results of large and small angle X-ray scattering, of measurements of the coercivity and of the mechanical density shows that the three modifications consist of two phases. The structure of the grain boundary phase in the microcrystalline alloys differs considerably from that of the amorphous phase. This arises from the dependence of the atomic volume on the average phosphorus content $$\bar c$$ . The volume fraction of the crystalline component decreases with increasing $$\bar c$$ up to $$\bar c \approx 0.15$$ . But even in alloys revealing X-ray patterns without any peaks coming from crystalline particles small angle X-ray scattering indicates the existence of metal-rich inclusions occupying some percent of the total volume.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Clinical and experimental medicine 136 (1962), S. 248-273 
    ISSN: 1591-9528
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung An sechs mit einem Antihundenieren-Kaninchenserum nephrotisch gemachten jungen gesunden Hunden beiderlei Geschlechts wurden schwere Nierenveränderungen hervorgerufen, die histologisch der nachMasugi benannten Nephritis bis ins Detail glichen. In den frischeren Stadien fanden sich schwere Verquellungen der Glomerulumschlingen mit gleichzeitig erheblich gesteigerter Eiweißausscheidung. Die Tubuli waren von Anfang an mitbeteiligt. Die Tiere zeigten neben einer starken Proteinurie ein Absinken des Albumin-(und Protein-)Spiegels und ein Ansteigen des Lipidspiegels im Serum.Histologisch war eine außerordentlich gesteigerte Eiweißausscheidung auffällig, die in den Glomerula begann und sich über den Harnpol bis in die Tubuli contorti, recti und weit in die Harnkanälchen hinab verfolgen ließ. In allen Nieren waren die Fetttröpfchen, nicht nur in den Tubuluszellen, sondern auch im Eiweißstrom der Tubuluslichtungen und selbst in den Glomerula nachweisbar. Hier lagen die Fettsubstanzen sowohl im Eiweiß zwischen Schlingen und Kapsel als auch zwischen den einzelnen Schlingenmembranen. DurchUntersuchungen mittels radioaktiv markierter Plasmaproteine konnten wir nachweisen, daß die Hypalbuminämie und Hypoproteinämie nicht auf einem erhöhten Plasmaproteinabbau beruht, sondern auf die Proteinurie zurückzuführen ist. Das Nephrosetier ist zu einer gesteigerten Synthese von Plasmaproteinen, durch die es den Eiweißverlust wettmachen könnte, nicht fähig. Chemische Untersuchungen ergaben, daß die höchsten Lipidwerte im Serum zeitlich mit den niedrigsten Albuminwerten im Serum und der intensivsten Proteinuriephase zusammenfielen. Die stärkste Konzentrationszunahme wies die Cholesterinfraktion im Serum auf. Die Proteinelektrophorese im Serum erbrachte auf dem Höhepunkt der Krankheit die von der Humanmedizin her bekannten Veränderungen: Starke Albuminabnahme sowie α2- undβ-Globulinzunahme. Auf Grund der vorliegenden Befunde und neuerer Untersuchungsergebnisse (Fermentbestimmungen, elektronenmikroskopische Befunde) anderer Autoren wird eine Hypothese entwickelt, mittels der das Zustandekommen der Hyperlipidämie beim nephrotischen Syndrom dem Verständnis näher gebracht werden könnte.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 17
    ISSN: 0032-8332
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The blood vitamin analyses of the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) were determined to provide baseline reference values for the normal animal. Ascorbic acid, riboflavin (erythrocyte glutathione reductase) [ECR], measurement, thiamin (erythrocyte transketolase) measurement and vitamin A (retinol) were determined for Texas A&M colony-born animals and those obtained from the wild. The analyses were completed on the animals, three times each, for a total of 93 analyses, which included 51 colony-born and 60 wild-born marmosets. A mean value of 0.98 mg/dl for ascorbic acid was found for the colony with a range from 0.06 to 4.1 mg/dl. The normal range for the marmosets appeared to be 0.5 to 1.5 mg/dl. The mean activity coefficient (AC) for the marmosets was 1.0 indicating that the animals had adequate riboflavin in the diet. The mean transketolase activities were (ribose remaining −30.1 IU/L) and (sedoheptulose appearance −7.9 IU/L). The mean and range for serum vitamin A (retinol) were 20.4 mg/dl and 6.96–57.44 mg/dl, respectively. None of the animals (colony-born or wild-born) exhibited any clinical signs of vitamin deficiencies as a result of being maintained in an indoor-outdoor environment over a three-year period.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 33 (1987), S. 1986-1992 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Fuzzy set theory is used to describe similarity of chemical engineering systems. The development of system similarity is given, and methods of determining a similarity relation are discussed. The system similarity relation is applied to the problems of measuring correlation confidence and quantifying modeling error. Sample problems are examined.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 111 (1937), S. 298-299 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 20
    ISSN: 1741-0444
    Keywords: Microgravity ; TCD ; Transcranial Doppler ultrasound
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract During space flights, several clinical syndromes may be the result of changes in cerebral circulation. The purpose of the paper is to describe the development and initial evaluation of a system for recording, processing and displaying transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD) waveforms from the middle cerebral artery (MCA) in microgravity. Volunteers were repeatedly subjected to 15–20 s intervals of microgravity (‘near zero gravity’) during flights on the KC-135 military aircraft. Continuous TCD recordings from the MCA were stored on magnetic tape. The paper describes the system that was developed to digitise the Doppler ultrasound data and markers that corresponded to the various levels of microgravity, obtain the maximum and mean Doppler waveforms, identify the waveforms and quantify them. The results demonstrate the feasibility of making TCD recordings in a microgravity environment and illustrate excellent performance of the system and its ease of operation. Quantitative waveform analysis of the recordings from the first subject studied in the supine position showed statistically significant changes in MCA velocity waveforms during microgravity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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