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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 47 (1989), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The avirulent Salmonella typhimurium F885 was transformed with a plasmid carrying the cloned S fimbriae genes of a uropathogenic Escherichia coli. The resulting transformant (F885-1) produced efficiently E. coli S fimbriae and was used for live oral vaccination of rats. For comparison rats were immunized subcutaneously with isolated S fimbriae. Both routes of vaccination resulted in a significant IgG antibody response to S fimbriae. In addition live oral vaccination induced a serum IgA response against S fimbriae. After transurethral infection of rats with a S fimbriae producing E. coli a 10-fold reduction of bacterial counts in the kidney was observed in rats orally vaccinated with F885-1 as compared to unvaccinated controls. This study suggests that the avirulent Salmonella F885 may be used as a fimbrial antigen carrier for oral vaccination against renal infections.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 65 (1987), S. 525-527 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Fosfomycin ; Tubulotoxicity ; Nephroprotection ; Cyclosporin A ; Cis-Diaminedichloroplatin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The nephroprotective effect of fosfomycin against tubulotoxicity induced bycis-diaminedichloroplatin (DDP) and cyclosporin A (Cs) was studied in the rat. The parameter of nephrotoxicity was urinary tubular cell excretion. The experiments revealed that fosfomycin, given either concomitantly or in advance was able to reduce the nephrotoxic effect of DDP and Cs significantly. We conclude from these studies that fosfomycin is a broad-spectrum nephroprotective agent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 242 (1987), S. 804-805 
    ISSN: 1432-0711
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 133 (1980), S. 25-29 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Gentamicin ; Nephrotoxicity ; Pharmaco-kinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The pharmacokinetics and nephrotoxicity of gentamicin were studied in female Wistar rats of different ages. I.m. administration of 5 mg of gentamicin/kg revealed that young rats (90 g) had lower peak serum levels and a prolonged elimination half-life, when compared with adult animals. After repeated injections, renal gentamicin concentrations were continuously lower in young rats during the entire experiment until the 20th day after the last dose. Nephrotoxicity, as measured by urinary excretion rates of tubular cells and malic dehydrogenase, was most pronounced in the old rats (260 g) and distinctly less in the 210 g animals. The young rats reacted with a slight but not significant increase in cellular and enzyme excretion. Since one cause of nephrotoxicity can be assumed to be intrarenal accumulation of gentamicin, it may be concluded that a deficient ability to concentrate aminoglycosides in the kidneys resulted in decreased nephrotoxic potential of gentamicin in the young rats.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Infection 11 (1983), S. 155-160 
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wurde der Einfluß von D-Glukaro-1,5-Laktam auf die Aminoglykosid-induzierte Nephrotoxizität tierexperimentell an der Ratte untersucht. Parameter der Nephrotoxizität waren die Ausscheidung von Tubuluszellen und Malat-Dehydrogenase im Harn. Wenn D-Glukaro-1,5-Laktam in geeigneter Dosis entweder intramuskulär oder peroral gegeben wurde, reduzierte sich die Exkretion von Zellen und Enzymen während der Verabreichung von Gentamicin, Tobramycin, Dibekacin, Netilmicin und Ribostamycin signifikant. D-Glukaro-1,5-Laktam verminderte nicht die therapeutische Effektivität von Ribostamycin in der experimentellen Chemotherapie der akuten Pyelonephritis der Ratte. Der Schutzeffekt von D-Glukaro-1,5-Laktam könnte der Hemmung der Beta-Glukuronidase, einem Enzym, das sich in renalen Lysosomen befindet und von Aminoglykosiden aktiviert wird, zugeschrieben werden.
    Notes: Summary We studied the effect of D-glucaro-1,5-lactam on aminoglycoside-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Parameters of nephrotoxicity were urinary excretion of tubule cells and malate dehydrogenase. When given in appropriate doses, either i. m. or via an oral tube, D-glucaro-1,5-lactam significantly reduced the excretion of cells and enzymes during the administration of gentamicin, tobramycin, dibekacin, netilmicin and ribostamycin. It did inot impair the therapeutic efficacy of ribostamycin in the experimental treatment of acute pyelonephritis in rats. The protective effect of D-glucaro-1,5-lactam could be ascribed to its inhibition of β-glucuronidase, an enzyme which is located in renal lysosomes and which is activated by aminoglycosides.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die therapeutische Aktivität von Ciprofloxacin in Monotherapie und in Kombination mit Ceftazidim oder Gentamicin wurde in einem Modell der experimentellenKlebsiella pneumoniae-Septikämie bei neutropenischen Mäusen untersucht. Zum Vergleich dienten Versuchsgruppen, die mit Ceftazidim oder Gentamicin jeweils allein oder in Kombination behandelt wurden. Die Infektion erfolgte durch i.v. Injektion von zwei verschiedenen Stämmen vonK. pneumoniae. Zur i.m. Therapie wurden 13 Dosen der Antibiotika achtstündlich injiziert. Die Überlebensraten wurden am Ende der Behandlungsperiode und sieben Tage später ermittelt. Die therapeutische Aktivität von Ciprofloxacin entsprach, gemessen an den Überlebensraten, der Kombination aus Ceftazidim und Gentamicin, war jedoch signifikant höher als die Wirksamkeit beider Einzelsubstanzen. Dies wurde auch durch die Ermittlung der Bakterienzahlen in Milz und Blut bestätigt. Mit Ausnahme der Kombination aus Ciprofloxacin und Ceftazidim kam es bei Ciprofloxacin-Kombinationen zu keiner Wirkungssteigerung. Diese Daten weisen auf eine hoheIn vivo-Aktivität von Ciprofloxacin bei systemischenK. pneumoniae-Infektionen hin.
    Notes: Summary The therapeutic efficacy of ciprofloxacin, used alone and in combination with either ceftazidime or gentamicin, was evaluated in a model of experimentalKlebsiella pneumoniae septicemia in neutropenic mice. Therapeutic results were compared to those achieved by treatment with ceftazidime or gentamicin alone, as well as their combination. Infections were induced by i.v. injection of two strains ofK. pneumoniae. Therapy with i.m. antibiotics was performed in 8 h intervals for a total of 13 doses, and survival rates were recorded at the end of treatment as well as seven days later. Ciprofloxacin alone proved to be significantly more effective than ceftazidime and gentamicin, producing survival rates similar to the combination of ceftazidime plus gentamicin. Bacterial counts of spleens and blood confirmed the superior bactericidal activity of ciprofloxacin. Except for the combination of ciprofloxacin with ceftazidime, there was no apparent advantage of combinations of ciprofloxacin with the other agents compared to ciprofloxacin alone. These data suggest a highin vivo activity of ciprofloxacin in systemic infection due toK. pneumoniae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Ochrobactrum anthropi, früher als„Achromobacter“-Gruppe CDC Vd bezeichnet, ist ein nicht-fermentatives, anspruchslos wachsendes gram-negatives Stäbchen, das erst seit kurzer Zeit als potentiell humanpathogen gilt. Während einer 2-Jahresperiode beobachteten wir vier Patienten, bei denen dieses Bakterium aus mehreren Blutkulturen isoliert wurde. Die Patienten hatten als Grunderkrankung eine akute Leukämie. Bei drei Patienten trat die Infektion jedoch unabhängig von einer schweren Neutropenie auf. Vielmehr war sie hier entweder die Ursache der Krankenhausaufnahme, oder sie trat bereits sehr kurz nach Krankenhausaufnahme auf. Die Infektion erschien nach klinischen und mikrobiologischen Befunden in allen Fällen als Katheter-assoziierte Bakteriämie. Die antimikrobielle Empfindlichkeit der Isolate war sehr uneiheitlich: im Unterschied zu früheren Berichten waren einige unserer Isolate auch resistent gegenüber Aminoglykosiden, neueren Fluorochinolonen und gegenüber Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazol. Die Therapie mit Imipenem bei zwei Patienten war trotzIn-vitro-Empfindlichkeit nicht erfolgreich. Ein Patient hatte erneute Bakteriämien durch den Erreger jeweils kurz nach Ende der Therapie, der andere Patient blieb unter Therapie febril und bakteriämisch.Ochrobactrum anthropi muß als nicht selten multiresistenter, opportunistischer humanpathogener Erreger vor allem Katheter-assoziierter Infektionen angesehen werden.
    Notes: Summary Ochrobactrum anthropi, formerly“Achromobacter” CDC group Vd, is a nonfermentative, nonfastidious gram-negative bacillus, that only recently has been given attention as a potential human pathogen. Over a 2-year period, we observed four patients with multiple blood cultures that were positive for the organism. The patients had acute leukemia as underlying disease, and presented with clinical and microbiologic features consistent with catheter-related bacteremia. In three of the patients the infection initially appeared to be unrelated to chemotherapy-associated profound neutropenia and occurred early after, or was the reason for, hospital admission. The antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates varied: unlike previously reported cases, resistance in some of our isolates included aminoglycosides, newer fluoroquinolones, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Despitein vitro susceptibility to imipenem in initial isolates, treatment of two patients with this agent obviously failed to eradicate the organism, and the patients either relapsed with bacteremia shortly after discontinuation of treatment or remained persistently febrile and bacteremic.O. anthropi appears to be increasingly recognized as a human opportunist pathogen associated with intravascular catheters and unpredictable multiple antibiotic resistance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei 29 Patienten mit ambulant erworbener Pneumonie, 24 Patienten mit hospital-erworbener Pneumonie und 35 Patienten mit Pneumonie unter Immunsuppression wurde der diagnostische Wert der bronchoalveolären Lavage mit quantitativem Erregernachweis untersucht; 32 Patienten mit nichtinfektiösen Lungenerkrankungen und 14 gesunde Probanden dienten als Kontrollen. Die Diagnose konnte in 81% der Pneumoniepatienten gesichert werden, ohne signifikante Unterschiede zwischen den Gruppen. Eine manifeste Infektion war mit Keimzahlen ≥ 104 cfu/ml korreliert. Eine vorausgegangene antibiotische Therapie verminderte die Ausbeute der Lavagekultur nur bei ambulant erworbener Pneumonie (94%vs. 55% positive Kulturen in unbehandeltenvs. vorbehandelten Patienten, p〈0,02). Darüber hinaus waren die Kulturergebnisse von der röntgenologischen Ausdehnung der Infiltrate abhängig (92% positive Kulturen bei lappenübergreifendenvs. 54% bei lappen- oder segmentbegrenzten Infiltraten, p〈0,001). Therapeutische Konsequenzen der BAL ergaben sich durch Resistenz der kultivierten Erreger gegenüber der vorab definierten empirischen Chemotherapie in 41% (ambulant erworben) bzw. 43% (Immunsuppression) und 67% (hospitalerworbene Pneumonie).
    Notes: Summary In 29 patients with community-acquired pneumonia, 24 patients with hospital-acquired pneumonia and 35 patients with pneumonia in the immunocompromised host the diagnostic value of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) with quantitative bacterial and fungal cultures was studied; 32 patients with noninfectious pulmonary diseases and 14 healthy volunteers served as controls. An infectious etiology could be established in 81% of the pneumonia patients without differences between the three groups; significant infection was associated with colony counts of ≥ 104 cfu/ml. Prior antibiotic therapy lowered the yield of BAL culture only in community-acquired pneumonia (94%vs 55% positive cultures in untreatedvs pretreated patients, p〈0.02). Furthermore the culture results were related to the radiographic extension of pulmonary infiltrates (92% positive cultures in multilobarvs 54% in lobar or segmental infiltrates, p〈0.001). Therapeutic consequences of BAL were shown by resistance of the isolated organisms to predefined empiric treatment regimens in 41% community-acquired pneumonia, 43% pneumonia in the immunocompromised host and 67% hospital-acquired pneumonia patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases 9 (1990), S. 44-46 
    ISSN: 1435-4373
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract On the basis of isoelectric focusing six β-lactamase types could be distinguished in ampicillin-resistant and ampicillin-sensitive strains ofEscherichia coli. More than 90% of the ampicillin-resistant strains produced the same β-lactamase type. The serotypes found in a group of ampicillin-resistant urinary tract infection strains did not represent the distribution usually found in urinary tract isolates. Chromosomal ampicillin resistance was always associated with high cephalothin MIC values and increased resistance to other β-lactam antibiotics of the cephalosporin group.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Infection 13 (1985), S. 190-192 
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Da Kombinationen von Fosfomycin und Vancomycin oder Tobramycin und Vancomycin vorteilhaft für die Therapie von Staphylokokken-Infektionen sein könnten, wurde die Nierenverträglichkeit beider Kombinationen tierexperimentell an der Ratte untersucht. Parameter der Nephrotoxizität waren Zyturie und Enzymurie. Die Experimente ergaben, daß Fosfomycin (Dosis: 50 und 250 mg/kg) gegen die Vancomycin-induzierte Nephrotoxizität (Dosis: 50 mg/kg) schützte, während Tobramycin (Dosis: 2,5 mg/kg) zu einer Zunahme der Zell- und Enzymausscheidung bei Kombination mit Vancomycin führte. Die renale Kumulation von Vancomycin verringerte sich bei Kombination mit Fosfomycin. Diese Studie zeigte Ähnlichkeiten zwischen Vancomycin und Aminoglykosiden bezüglich ihrer Wirkung auf die Niere und ergab Hinweise auf die Möglichkeit, die Tobramycin- und Vancomycin-induzierte Nephrotoxizität zu reduzieren.
    Notes: Summary Since combinations of fosfomycin and vancomycin or tobramycin and vancomycin could be of advantage in the therapy of staphylococcal infections, we studied renal tolerance of both combinations. The experimental animal was the rat and the parameters of nephrotoxicity were cyturia and enzymuria. The experiments showed that fosfomycin at dosages of 50 and 250 mg/kg protected against nephrotoxicity caused by vancomycin (dose: 50 mg/kg), whereas the administration of both tobramycin (dose: 2.5 mg/kg) and vancomycin (dose: 50 mg/kg) resulted in an increase of cyturia and enzymuria. However, repeated dosing of vancomycin (single dose: 50 mg/kg) led to renal accumulation when combined with fosfomycin (single dose: 250 mg/kg); renal vancomycin concentrations were lower. This study suggests similarities in the renal handling of vancomycin and aminoglycosides and demonstrates the possibility of reducing drug-associated nephrotoxicity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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