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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Journal of cutaneous pathology 30 (2003), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1600-0560
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background:  Skin is an inherently heterogeneous tissue, thus the procurement of pure cell populations is critical for the accurate correlation of a molecular profile to a particular cell type or histological location. Laser Capture Microdissection (LCM) permits the efficent procurement of cells and mapping of genetic changes from histologically prepared samples.Methods:  This paper describes a robust LCM protocol established in our laboratory for the extraction of high quality DNA which sequenced from 100% of microdissected samples without the need for cloning. The unique properties of skin, in particular its strong intercellular adhesive forces, have dictated a significant modification to the normal procedure of tissue preparation to ensure reliable cell procurement.Results:  Using the methods outlined below we were able to precisely map the pattern of genomic mutations in our target gene of interest in normal skin, actinic keratosis and squamous cell carcinoma.Conclusions:  The capability to select pure cell populations from the skin will revolutionise our ability to understand the processes involved in cutaneous tumourigenesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 39 (1983), S. 103-104 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Levels of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase were measured in the red blood cells of glutathione(GSH)-normal and GSH-deficient sheep. There were no significant differences in any of the 3 enzyme activities measured in the 2 groups of sheep. Also, there was no relationship between GSH level and the enzyme activity. These results suggest that inspite of large differences in GSH levels, the red blood cells from GSH-normal and GSH-deficient Merino sheep appear to have similar response to oxidative stress against which GSH is credited to play a major role.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 33 (1977), S. 300-301 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary There was no significant difference in the level of 2,3-DPG in the red blood cells of sheep of different haemoglobin types (Hb A and Hb B) or potassium types (HK and LK). However, low glutathione (GSHL) sheep had significantly higher (p〈0.01) level of 2,3-DPG in their red blood cells than high glutathione (GSHH) sheep. There was also significant effect of interactions between glutathione, haemoglobin and potassium types (p〈0.05) and glutathione and haemoglobin types (p〈0.01) on red cell 2,3-DPG levels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 33 (1977), S. 275-277 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Experimental anaemia resulted in an increase of red cell 2,3-DPG from 0.11 μM/gHb to 0.99 μM in haemoglobin A sheep and from 0.21 μM to 1.5 μM in haemoglobin B sheep. Production of haemoglobin C as a result of anaemia was confined to haemoglobin A only. The results, therefore, appear to suggest that the rise in 2,3-DPG in the red blood cells of different haemoglobin types is independent of haemoglobin C.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 33 (1977), S. 1567-1568 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Glucose utilization, lactate production and glutathione regeneration were measured in the red blood cells of 2 species of Australian Marsupials, Eastern grey kangaroo (Macropus gigantus) and red kangaroo (Macropus rufus), and were found to be significantly lower in the red blood cells from grey than that of red kangaroos.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 33 (1977), S. 670-671 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Based on the observations made on human and dog red blood cells, it was recently proposed that the response of red cell glycolysis to variations in the levels of specific cations is an evolutionary adaptation in response to a specific cellular environment. We have now examined the effect of K+ and Na+ on the activity of pyruvate kinase (PK) in the red blood cells from 2 genetically different types of sheep high potassium (HK) and low potassium (LK). The results indicate that K+ stimulate glucose consumption and the activity of PK in both types of sheep. It thus appears that red cell PK from LK sheep does not fit into the concept of cellular environment and PK activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Comparative clinical pathology 10 (2000), S. 59-67 
    ISSN: 1433-2981
    Keywords: Key words: Erythrocyte; Glutathione; Mammal; Redox cycle; Regeneration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Glutathione (GSH) regeneration is a process in which cells reduce oxidised glutathione (GSSG) to GSH after exposure of cells to oxidants in the presence of suitable energy source such as glucose. This reaction consists of (1) membrane glucose transport, (2) phosphorylation of glucose by hexokinase (HK) utilising adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP), (3) reduction of nicotinamide–adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP) to its reduced form (NADPH) by glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6-PGD) and (4) reduction of GSSG to GSH by glutathione reductase (GR) using NADPH. The rate of GSH regeneration is thus dependent on the enzymatic activity and concentration of substrate. G-6-PD deficiency and enzyme inhibitory chemicals reduce GSH regeneration and concentration of substrate greatly influences the rate of GSH regeneration. Not only glucose but also mannose, fructose and galactose may also be used as energy source. Interspecies and intraspecies differences occur in the rate of GSH regeneration. These differences cannot be explained by variations in enzymatic activities. Although physiological relevance of GSH regeneration is still unclear, it is known that erythrocytes from G-6-PD-deficient patients have lowered erythrocyte deformability and shortened erythrocyte life-span. In-vitro experiments show lowered GSH regeneration enforces loss of deformability. These findings suggest that GSH regeneration plays an important role in erythrocyte biology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1433-2981
    Keywords: Chicken ; NMR ; Red blood cells ; Water permeability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The diffusional water permeability (P d) of Australian feral chicken and Australian and European domestic chicken red blood cells (RBCs) was measured by a doping nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technique. The values of P d were around 1.7 × 10−3 cm/s at 15°C, 2.0 × 10−3 cm/s at 20°C, 2.5 × 10−3 cm/s at 25°C, 3.7 × 10−3 cm/s at 30°C, 4.3 × 10−3 cm/s at 37°C, and 6.1 × 10−3 cm/s at 42°C, with no significant differences between the three strains of chicken. There was no effect of p-chloromercuribenzene sulphonate on water diffusion. The activation energy of water diffusion was around 37 kJ/mol for all strains of chicken. These results suggest that no changes in the RBC water permeability are correlated with marked alterations in the habitat of chicken introduced to Australia (and that membrane proteins play little role in the diffusion of water across chicken RBC membrane).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Comparative clinical pathology 5 (1995), S. 158-162 
    ISSN: 1433-2981
    Keywords: Elephant ; Erythrocyte ; Gibbon ; Lion ; Metabolism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Erythrocyte metabolism was studied in the white-handed gibbon (Hylobatus leucogenys), the Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) and the lion (Panthera leo). Aspects of metabolism studied were activities of the enzymes associated with glycolysis and the antioxidant defence systems, glycolytic rates using four different substrates and the susceptibility of haemoglobin to three different oxidising agents, acetylphenylhydrazine (APH), hydrogen peroxide (H202) and sodium nitrite (NaNO2). The main findings were as follows. First, compared with humans, the erythrocytes from the gibbon were more resistant to H202-induced haemolysis and had very high activity of NADH-methaemoglobin reductase. Oxidation of haemoglobin by NaNO2 was largely blocked by 0.1 mM GSH. Second, the erythrocytes from the lion had a very high activity of pyruvate kinase (PK). The rate of methaemoglobin formation by APH was also very high in these erythrocytes. Third, the erythrocytes of the elephant had very low levels of hexokinase and PK and were more resistant to oxidant stress than those of the lion and humans.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1433-2981
    Keywords: Erythrocyte ; Koala ; Common brushtail possum ; Whiptail wallaby ; Metabolism ; Enzyme
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Erythrocyte metabolism was studied in the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus), the common brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) and the whiptail wallaby (Macropus parryi). Aspects of metabolism studied were the levels of ATP, 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) and reduced glutathione (GSH), activities of erythrocyte enzymes, glycolytic rate, the rate of glutathione S-conjugate transport (GCT), susceptibility of erythrocytes to an oxidising agent and the effect of eucalyptus oil on the red cells. Some of the major findings were that compared to common brushtail possum and the whiptail wallaby, the koala red cells (a) produced significantly greater amounts of lactate; (b) had significantly lower activity of glutathione S-transferase, (c) had significantly lower rate of GCT, (d) were more susceptible to oxidant stress induced by acetylphenylhydrazine (APH) and (e) exhibited a greater degree of haemolysis when incubated with eucalyptus oil.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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