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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Langerhans cell migration is modulated by N-sulfated glucosamine moieties in heparin (2000)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Experimental dermatology 9 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0625
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract: Dendritic cell (DC) migration into and out of tissues is important for the generation of primary immune responses to antigens encountered in tissues. In order to study the mechanisms involved in DC migration we used a skin explant system and quantitated the number of Langerhans cells (LC), which are immature precursors of DC in skin-draining lymph nodes, remaining in the epidermis in response to incubation with various biomolecules. This paper shows that LC trafficking in epidermis is a metabolically active process that is modulated by heparin, specifically by N-sulfated glucosamine moieties in heparin. This is the first demonstration of structural specificity in the biochemical requirements for DC migration in a tissue and therefore is important to understanding DC migration in general.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0625.2000.009001025.x
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    CD4 is expressed by epidermal Langerhans' cells predominantly as covalent dimers (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Experimental dermatology 12 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0625
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract:  Langerhans' cells (LC) of skin are CD4 expressing, dendritic, antigen-presenting cells, that are essential for activation of primary immune responses and are productively infected by HIV. We have shown previously that lymphocytes and monocytes express CD4 both as monomers and covalently linked homodimers. In those cells the 55-kDa monomer structure predominates. LC in un-fractionated human epidermal cell (EC) suspension also expresses both forms of CD4, but in EC the dimer form is predominant. Because isolation of LC into single cell suspension by trypsin, as is routinely used for LC isolation, degrades CD4, a systematic study for an alternate procedure for LC isolation was performed. Thus it was found that collagenase blend F treatment can efficiently release LC into suspension, under conditions of only minimal degradation of control soluble recombinant CD4 or CEM-T4 or THP-1 cell CD4, or importantly of LC surface CD4. SDS–PAGE immunoblotting of purified LC extracted from EC by collagenase confirmed CD4 structure as predominantly 110-kDa dimers, with only minimal 55-kDa monomers. The suitability of LC prepared thus for functional studies was demonstrated with binding of functional ligand HIV gp120. It remains to be determined, however, why tissue embedded LC express mainly CD4 dimers, but single-celled blood lymphocytes and monocytes mainly monomers.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0625.2003.00078.x
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Comparison of the Number of Vasopressin-Producing Hypothalamic Neurons in Rats and Humans (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neuroendocrinology 7 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2826
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: The aim of this study was to assess the number and proportion of vasopressin-producing neurons in the hypothalamic magnocellular nuclei in rats and humans. Accurate and unbiased neuronal counts were estimated using the optical disector method. Arginine vasopressin-containing neurons were immunohistochemically visualized in formalin-fixed tissue sections. The magnocellular neurons were similar in size and morphology in both species. While the human hypothalamus contained significantly more vasopressin-containing neurons compared with the rat (36-fold increase), the proportion of vasopressin-containing neurons between species was similar. In both species, the majority of supraoptic neurons contained vasopressin, however the proportion of vasopressin-containing neurons in the human paraventricular nucleus was double that of the rat (nearly a 100-fold increase in number). These results suggest that the paraventricular nucleus contributes significantly to the release of vasopressin from the posterior pituitary in humans, whereas in rats vasopressin is mainly released by supraoptic neurons.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2826.1995.tb00801.x
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A novel technique for the examination of skin biopsies by laser capture microdissection (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Journal of cutaneous pathology 30 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0560
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Background:  Skin is an inherently heterogeneous tissue, thus the procurement of pure cell populations is critical for the accurate correlation of a molecular profile to a particular cell type or histological location. Laser Capture Microdissection (LCM) permits the efficent procurement of cells and mapping of genetic changes from histologically prepared samples.Methods:  This paper describes a robust LCM protocol established in our laboratory for the extraction of high quality DNA which sequenced from 100% of microdissected samples without the need for cloning. The unique properties of skin, in particular its strong intercellular adhesive forces, have dictated a significant modification to the normal procedure of tissue preparation to ensure reliable cell procurement.Results:  Using the methods outlined below we were able to precisely map the pattern of genomic mutations in our target gene of interest in normal skin, actinic keratosis and squamous cell carcinoma.Conclusions:  The capability to select pure cell populations from the skin will revolutionise our ability to understand the processes involved in cutaneous tumourigenesis.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.0303-6987.2003.052.x
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Imiquimod induced regression of clinically diagnosed superficial basal cell carcinoma is associated with early infiltration by CD4 T cells and dendritic cells (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical and experimental dermatology 29 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2230
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Imiquimod is presumed to clear basal cell carcinoma (BCC) through apoptosis mediated by cytokines and lymphocytes, with erosion often observed correlating with complete clearance. The objective was to determine the cellular immune response early in the course of treatment in order to examine whether cell mediated immunity could be responsible for imiquimod mediated regression of BCC. Sixteen adults with clinically diagnosed BCC were openly assigned to 5 days per week of drug (1, 2 or 4 weeks) or placebo (2 weeks) in groups of four. No baseline biopsy was performed. Post-treatment excision specimens were examined by routine and immunohistochemical staining. Treatment was associated with the early appearance of CD4 cells, activated dendritic cells and macrophages, with later infiltration by CD8 T cells. Dendritic cells continually increased with time, while macrophages reached a maximum at 1 week and then declined slightly. There were comparatively few neutrophils or γδ T cells. Early infiltrates were most prominent in the tumour and upper dermis. The results are consistent with a cell mediated immune response being responsible for the clearance of the BCC. Several immune-mediated tumour destruction mechanisms are likely to be involved.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2230.2004.01614.x
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Ubiquitin-positive achromatic neurons in corticobasal degeneration (1995)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 90 (1995), S. 68-75 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Neuropathology ; Ballooned neurons ; Ubiquitin ; Quantitation ; Alien limb
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract A 66-year-old woman presented with an alien limb syndrome without dementia. The course of her illness was unremitting and at autopsy 6 years later her diagnosis was confirmed as corticobasal degeneration without Alzheimer-type pathology. Although the presence of ballooned achromatic cortical neurons and cell loss from the substantia nigra distinguishes such patients, the site and density of achromatic neurons has not previously been quantified. We show that immunohistochemistry for the cell stress protein ubiquitin selectively stains these achromatic neurons, whereas they do not stain for abnormally phosphorylated tau protein. Phosphorylated neurofilament antibodies recognise both ballooned and non-ballooned neurons. In this case, high densities of ubiquitin-positive ballooned neurons were found in frontal cortical regions with the highest densities in layers V and VI of the anterior cingulate cortex. In addition, high densities of ubiquitin-positive ballooned neurons were found in the insular cortex, claustrum and amygdala. These results confirm past reports of frontal pathology, but show that there is also considerable pathology in insular and parahippocampal cortical regions and some subcortical regions. Our findings suggest that the distribution and staining characteristics of ballooned neurons in corticobasal degeneration may help to differentiate these cases pathologically, while the absence of dementia appears to be an important clinical criterion.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00294461
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Brain stem serotonin-synthesizing neurons in Alzheimer's disease: a clinicopathological correlation (1992)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 84 (1992), S. 638-650 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Raphe ; Immunohistochemistry ; Neuritic plaques ; Neurofibrillary tangles ; Alzheimer's disease
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The location and number of brain stem serotonin-synthesizing neurons were analyzed in 11 patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and 5 agematched controls using immunohistochemical techniques. In addition, the number of neuritic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the cortex and brain stem raphe was evaluated, as was the number of Nissl-stained raphe neurons. AD patients could be classified into two groups based on their raphe pathology; patients with such pathology (AD+) and those without (AD−). The number of large raphe neurons correlated significantly with the number of serotonin-synthesizing neurons in control material, indicating that all large neurons were serotonergic. This relationship was not apparent in AD+ patients, in whom the number of serotonin-synthesizing neurons correlated with the number of neurofibrillary tangles in the raphe of these patients. This indicates that in AD+ patients the serotonin-synthesizing neurons were selectively affected. There was no correlation between raphe and cortical pathology or raphe pathology and patient sex, age, mini-mental score or depression score, even when such scores were weighted for the interval between testing and death. There was a trend for the raphe pathology to correlate with the age of onset and duration of dementia and the Blessed dementia score in AD+ patients. Most AD+ patients with severe raphe lesions had clinical dementia only, while AD− patients had additional clinical features. The raphe lesions were more dramatic in AD+ patients with a rapid progression of symptoms.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00227741
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Ubiquitin-positive achromatic neurons in corticobasal degeneration (1995)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 90 (1995), S. 68-75 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Neuropathology ; Ballooned neurons ; Ubiquitin ; Quantitation ; Alien limb
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract A 66-year-old woman presented with an alien limb syndrome without dementia. The course of her illness was unremitting and at autopsy 6 years later her diagnosis was confirmed as corticobasal degeneration without Alzheimer-type pathology. Although the presence of ballooned achromatic cortical neurons and cell loss from the substantia nigra distinguishes such patients, the site and density of achromatic neurons has not previously been quantified. We show that immunohistochemistry for the cell stress protein ubiquitin selectively stains these achromatic neurons, whereas they do not stain for abnormally phosphorylated tau protein. Phosphorylated neurofilament antibodies recognise both ballooned and non-ballooned neurons. In this case, high densities of ubiquitin-positive ballooned neurons were found in frontal cortical regions with the highest densities in layers V and VI of the anterior cingulate cortex. In addition, high densities of ubiquitin-positive ballooned neurons were found in the insular cortex, claustrum and amygdala. These results confirm past reports of frontal pathology, but show that there is also considerable pathology in insular and parahippocampal cortical regions and some subcortical regions. Our findings suggest that the distribution and staining characteristics of ballooned neurons in corticobasal degeneration may help to differentiate these cases pathologically, while the absence of dementia appears to be an important clinical criterion.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00294461
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Lymphocyte stimulation by concanavalin a studied by the fluorescent probe acridine orange (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 217 (1981), S. 117-126 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Fluorescent dyes ; Lymphocyte transformation ; Fluorometry ; Acridine orange ; Concanavalin A
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Viable mouse thymocytes or spleen leucocytes stained with acridine orange (AO) were divided into one part used for stimulation, and the other part for control. Analysis of cellular green-fluorescence emission enabled physicochemical changes in lymphocytes to be detected after 30 min stimulation with the mitogens concanavalin A (Con A) and pokeweed mitogen (PWM). No change in fluorescence was observed with the nonmitogenic reagent wheat germ lectin (WGL) or with allogeneic cell stimulation (MLR). When green fluorescence intensity of individual cells was monitored by microfluorimetry, 30 min stimulation with Con A induced an increase, whereas PWM induced a decrease. When analysed by fluorescence spectrophotometry, Con A induced a 2 nm blue shift in emission maximum and a decrease in polarization values.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00233831
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chronic alcoholism in the absence of Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome and cirrhosis does not result in the loss of serotonergic neurons from the median raphe nucleus (1996)
    Springer
    Metabolic brain disease 11 (1996), S. 217-227 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7365
    Schlagwort(e): Alcohol ; serotonin ; neuropathology ; median raphe nucleus ; Wernicke-Korsakoff ; cirrhosis ; thiamine deficiency
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Previous studies have identified alcohol, thiamine deficiency and liver disease as contributing to the neuropathology of alcohol-related brain damage. In order to examine the effects of alcohol toxicity and thiamine deficiency on serotonergic neurons in the median raphe nucleus (MnR), alcoholic and previously published Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome (WKS) cases without liver disease, were compared with age-matched non-alcoholic controls. While there was no difference between the estimated number of serotonergic neurons in either controls or alcoholics without WKS (means of 63,010±8,900 and 59,560±8,010 respectively), a substantial loss of serotonergic neurons was previously found in WKS cases (mean of 19,050±13,140). Further analysis revealed a significant difference in the maximum daily alcohol consumption between these groups. However, analysis of covariance showed that the number or serotonergic neurons in the MnR did not correlate with the amount of alcohol consumed. Therefore, our results suggest that cell loss in the MnR can be attributed to thiamine deficiency rather than alcoholper se.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02237959
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