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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of ball-forming conditions on the hardness of copper balls (1990)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 68 (1990), S. 5610-5614 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Effect of ball-forming conditions on the microstructure and the hardness of balls has been investigated in order to obtain soft balls suitable for a reliable ball-bonding process using copper wire. Copper balls formed in a room-temperature shield gas are found to be harder by 6 Hv than fully annealed copper wires of the same purity. This is caused by many dislocation loops which are generated in balls due to inclusion of gaseous impurities from the atmosphere and due to rapid solidification. On the other hand, copper balls formed in a shield gas heated above 175 °C are found to be softer by the amount of 4.5 Hv than balls formed in a room-temperature shield gas. This is due to disappearance of dislocation loops caused by the reduction of solidification rate and by elimination of gaseous impurities from the balls during solidification. Impurities, especially oxygen, are found to have a strong influence on the hardening of copper balls. From these results, we conclude that copper balls formed in a shield gas heated at 175 °C are suitable for mass production.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.346972
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A mouse embryonic stem cell line showing pluripotency of differentiation in early embryos and ubiquitous β-galactosidase expression
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Cell Differentiation and Development 29 (1990), S. 181-186 
    Details
    ISSN: 0922-3371
    Keywords: Cell lineage ; Cell marker gene ; Chimera ; ES cells ; β-Galactosidase
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0922-3371(90)90120-L
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Production and use of an ES cell line having sz-gal marker gene with ubiquitous expression
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Cell Differentiation and Development 27 (1989), S. 59 
    Details
    ISSN: 0922-3371
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0922-3371(89)90207-4
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    cis-Regulatory elements conserved in the proximal promoter region of an ascidian embryonic muscle myosin heavy-chain gene (1996)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 206 (1996), S. 54-63 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Key words cis-Elements ; Myosin heavy-chain gene ; Muscle-specific expression ; Ascidian embryos
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  The B-line muscle cells of the ascidian embryo are specified autonomously depending on determinants prelocalized in the myoplasm of unfertilized eggs. Expression of muscle-specific actin and myosin heavy-chain genes commences in the B-line presumptive muscle cells as early as the 32-cell stage. To explore the intrinsic genetic program for this differentiation, we analysed cis-regulatory elements of the Halocynthia roretzi muscle myosin heavy-chain gene (HrMHC1). Comparison of the entire amino acid sequence of HrMHC1 with those of other invertebrates and vertebrates indicated that HrMHC1 resembles myosin heavy-chain of vertebrate skeletal and cardiac muscles. A fusion gene was constructed consisting of 132 bp upstream the 5′-end of HrMHC1 gene fused to a bacterial lacZ reporter. When the fusion gene was microinjected into fertilized eggs, the reporter gene was eventually expressed only in muscle cells of tailbud embryos. It has been reported that 103 bp of sequence 5′ of the transcription start site of the ascidian embryonic muscle actin gene (HrMA4) contains information sufficient for muscle-specific expression (Hikosaka et al. 1994). Comparison of the 132 bp of sequence 5′ of the HrMHC1 gene with the 103 bp of sequence 5′ of the HrMA4 gene revealed several common motifs shared by the two genes (E-box, GATA box and Boxes A, B, T1 and T2). Point mutations inserted into these motifs suggested that the Box T1/T2 (TTTTTTCTTTCA) is critical for the promoter activity of the HrMHC1 gene.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004270050030
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cortisol and catecholamine kinetics during continuous hemodiafiltration in patients with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (1996)
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 22 (1996), S. 1176-1178 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Continuous hemofiltration ; Cortisol ; Catecholamines
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective To assess the influence of continuous hemodiafiltration (CHDF) on cortisol and catecholamine kinetics in multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. Design Consecutive clinical study. Setting General intensive care unit of a university hospital. Patients Ten adult patients with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome requiring CHDF. Measurements and results A total of 40 samples were collected during CHDF for cortisol and catecholamine assays. The clearances for cortisol, epinephrine, norepinephrine and dopamine were 2.5±1.7 ml/min, 26.3±2.7 ml/min, 16.7±4.2 ml/min and 26.3±2.6 ml/min (Mean±SE), and their daily extractions were 1.8±0.2 mg/day, 11.4±4.8 μg/day, 1.0±0.1 μg and 2.3±0.3 μg/day, respectively. There were no significant changes in blood cortisol and catecholamine levels during CHDF conducted for 48 h. Conclusions The cortisol and catecholamine losses during CHDF were small and unlikely to lead to hemodynamic disturbances.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01709332
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cortisol and catecholamine kinetics during continuous hemodiafiltration in patients with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (1996)
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 22 (1996), S. 1176-1178 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Key words Continuous hemofiltration ; Cortisol ; Catecholamines
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract   Objective: To assess the influence of continuous hemodiafiltration (CHDF) on cortisol and catecholamine kinetics in multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. Design: Consecutive clinical study. Setting: General intensive care unit of a university hospital. Patients: Ten adult patients with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome requiring CHDF. Measurements and results: A total of 40 samples were collected during CHDF for cortisol and catecholamine assays. The clearances for cortisol, epinephrine, norepinephrine and dopamine were 2.5±1.7 ml/min, 26.3±2.7 ml/min,16.7±4.2 ml/min and 26.3± 2.6 ml/min (Mean±SE), and their daily extractions were 1.8± 0.2 mg/day, 11.4±4.8 μg/day, 1.0±0.1 μg and 2.3±0.3 μg/day, respectively. There were no significant changes in blood cortisol and catecholamine levels during CHDF conducted for 48 h. Conclusions: The cortisol and catecholamine losses during CHDF were small and unlikely to lead to hemodynamic disturbances.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01709332
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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