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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 343 (1967), S. 142-163 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die als Sphaeridien bezeichneten, ca. 0,3–1,5 μ großen, kugeligen Karyoplasmadifferenzierungen konnten beim Menschen und bei 24 Wirbeltierarten aus 14 verschiedenen Ordnungen in fast allen Geweben nachgewiesen werden. Ein filamentöses Externum umschließt ein granuläres Internum, in das weitere Strukturelemente eingelagert sein können. Dadurch ergeben sich vier verschiedene Typen: ein filamentöser, ein granulärer, ein globulärer und ein membranöser Typ. Die vergleichende Untersuchung in den Geweben von gesunden und an verschiedenen Infektionskrankheiten, Neoplasien und Dermatosen leidenden Menschen und Tieren ergibt in Übereinstimmung mit den meisten Einzelbeobachtungen in der Literatur keine wesentlichen Unterschiede der Sphaeridienstruktur in gesunden und pathologisch veränderten Zellen. Somit kommt den Sphaeridien keine pathognomonische Bedeutung zu. Ihre Funktion stellt ein Problem der allgemeinen Cytologie dar. Es wird hypothetisch angenommen, daß sie eine Rolle bei der Proteinsynthese im Kern spielen.
    Notes: Summary In the caryoplasm of man and 24 species of mammals, birds, and reptiles of 14 different orders round structures with a diameter of 0,3–1,5 μ have been observed which are named sphaeridies. They consist of an externum with 70–100 Å thick filaments and an internum with few or many electron-dense granula with a diameter of 150–200 Å. In the internum one finds inclusions of electron-dense globules, crystalloids, and membrane-bound vesicles. Dependent on these structural differences four types are described: a filamentous, a granular, a globular, and a membranous type. They are found in nearly all tissues except granulocytes and striated muscle. They are very frequent in the cells of the lymphatic system and in hormone-sensitive organs like the adrenal gland. Sphaeridies are described in experimental infections of animals withSchistosoma mansoni, Plasmodium berghei, Theileria parva, and with fowlpox virus, and in man in the atypical lymphocytes of infectious mononucleosis, in carcinoma of the uterus and mamma, in psoriasis vulgaris, and in lichen ruber planus. The morphology of the sphaeridies is identical in the cells of the healthy and pathological tissues. The results of earlier investigations are compiled in a list and discussed. The sphaeridies are not of viral origin and they have no pathognomonic significance. Their meaning is a problem of general cytology. It is supposed that the sphaeridies are a structure of the caryoplasm associated with the synthesis of protein in the nucleus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 24 (1968), S. 261-262 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In the endoplasmic reticulum of cells of spleen and lymphnodes of different monkeys, crystalloid inclusions were often found. These inclusions show a pattern of small balls with a diameter of 250 Å, which are connected by 100 Å long bridges. It is supposed that these crystalloid inclusions are produced by the lymphatic cells as a reaction to virus infection, which remains clinically non-apparent, because the same pattern was observed in cells, which were experimentally infected with yellow fever virus, West Nile virus, and rubella virus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Medical microbiology and immunology 173 (1984), S. 167-170 
    ISSN: 1432-1831
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Almost 4000 sera from seven African states were examined for antibodies to ATLV/HTLV-1. Between 1% and 8% of healthy people from sub-Saharan Africa have such antibodies. The highest frequency was observed in Gabon. There were considerable variations between villages. The percentage of seropositives and the mean titre increased with age. Our findings suggest that the African continent is the largest endemic area for ATLV.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Infection 7 (1979), S. 108-108 
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Serum samples from persons who lived in areas where onchocerciasis occurred or who had filariasis were examined with the complement fixation test and the indirect hemagglutination test for the presence of antibodies against crude extracts from Dirofilaria immitis, Onchocerca volvulus, Dipetalonema viteae, and Ascaris suum. The results could be interpreted as follows: 1. The indirect hemagglutination test was more sensitive than the complement fixation test for the demonstration of antibodies in sera from European and indigenous inhabitants of endemic areas. 2. There were no differences between the responses to the four crude worm extracts among the groups of 21 patients with Loa loa, 12 patients with Onchocerca volvulus, 11 patients with Dipetalonema perstans, and 22 patients with clinical filariasis in whom no microfilaria had been found. It was concluded that the examination with crude extracts cannot give any information about the antigens that had caused the stimulation of antibodies.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Serumproben von Personen, die in Onchozerkosegebieten lebten oder eine Filariose hatten, wurden auf Antikörper gegen Rohextrakte aus Dirofilaria immitis, Onchocerca volvulus, Dipetalonema viteae und Ascaris suum in der Komplementbindung und indirekten Hämagglutination untersucht. Die Ergebnisse lassen folgende Deutungen zu: 1. Bei europäischen und autochthonen Bewohnern von Endemiegebieten mit und ohne Filariose erwies sich die indirekte Hämagglutination als der empfindlichere Test beim Nachweis von Antikörpern. 2. Bei 21 Loiasis-, 12 Onchozerkose-, 11 Dipetalonema perstans- und 22 Fällen klinischer Filariose ohne Mikrofilariennachweis konnten mit dem Serumverdünnungsfaktor 2 keine Titerdifferenzen gegen die vier Extrakte in beiden Tests festgestellt werden. Daraus wurde geschlossen, daß Untersuchungen mit Rohextrakten keine Aussagen über die Identität jener Antigene zulassen, die für die Stimulation der Antikörper verantwortlich waren.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 84 (1967), S. 304-310 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In verschiedenen Organen der Katze sind regelmäßig Karyoplasmadifferenzierungen vom Typ der granulären Sphaeridien mit einem filamentösen Externum und einem granulären Internum zu beobachten. In den Zellen des lymphatischen Systems weist ein Teil dieser Sphaeridien ca. 0,3 μ große, nur wenig elektronendichte Einschlüsse mit kristalloider Struktur auf. Es wird angenommen, daß es sich dabei um Protein handelt, das im Kern synthetisiert wird.
    Notes: Summary In the caryoplasm of various organs of the cat structures of the type of granular sphaeridies are regularly observed, which consist of a filamentous externum and a granular internum. In the cells of the lymphatic system in many of these sphaeridies inclusions of rather electronlucent material are found, which are arranged in a crystal-like pattern. It is suggested that these inclusions of the sphaeridies are composed of protein, which is produced in the nucleus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 85 (1968), S. 527-533 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die als Sphaeridien bezeichneten Karyoplasmastrukturen kommen nicht nur in den meisten Geweben vom Menschen und von 16 Säugetierarten vor, sondern auch im Bindegewebe und in Epithelzellen von fünf Vögeln und drei Reptilien. Im Gegensatz zu den Säugetieren überwiegt bei den Sauropsiden der filamentöse Typ. Die in der Wurzelspitze von Allium cepa beobachteten „llight spherules“ (Lafontaine) sind dem filamentösen Typ der Sauropsiden so ähnlich, daß es sich auch bei ihnen um Sphaeridien handeln dürfte.
    Notes: Summary Small round bodies with a diameter of 0.3–1.5 μ, named sphaeridies, are observed in nearly all tissues of man and of sixteen species of mammals, but not in the striated muscle. Smaller bodies with a diameter of 0.3–0.6 μ. can be seen in the connective tissue and in the epithelial cells of birds and reptiles. Whereas in the mammalian nucleus the granular type is more frequent, in the cells of birds and reptiles the filamentous type is the most abundant. Both types are observed in adult birds and in the chicken embryo. A morphologically very similar structure is found in the growing root of Allium cepa. These “light spherules” (Lafontaine) can be compared with the filamentous type of the sauropsides and it is supposed that they are also sphaeridies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 77 (1967), S. 589-605 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In vielen Arten normaler Zellen wurden regelmäßig kugelige Karyoplasmadifferenzierungen, die Sphaeridien, gefunden. Diese zwischen 0,3 und 1,5 μ dicken definierten Kernstrukturen kommen in verschiedenen Typen vor: filamentöser, granulärer, globulärer und membranöser Typ. Die Verbreitung der Sphaeridien wird hinsichtlich der Gewebsarten und der Säugetierspezies dargestellt (s. Tabelle). Beim Menschen sind sie vom Feten bis ins Greisenalter nachgewiesen. Die Sphaeridien ließen sich bei allen untersuchten Arten aus 6 Ordnungen der Säugetiere finden. Die mitgeteilten Beobachtungen legen nahe, eine Entwicklungsreihe vom filamentösen Typ über den granulären und globulären zum membranösen Typ anzunehmen. Auf die gelegentlichen Beobachtungen in pathologisch veränderten und virusinfizierten Zellen wird eingegangen. In den nachgeprüften Fällen kommen die Sphaeridien auch ohne pathologische Veränderung (Hepatom, Goldhamster) bzw. ohne Virusinfektion (SV 40-Virus der Affenniere) in den Zellen vor. Wir betrachten die Sphaeridien als funktionelle Karyoplasmadifferenzierungen normaler Zellen.
    Notes: Summary In healthy animals of 6 different species cells of various organs have been investigated by means of electron microscopy. In all species the caryoplasm of normal cells was found to contain sphaeroid structures with a diameter of between 0,3 and 1,5 μ. The structures are termed sphaeridies and their occurence in the various organs is shown in table 1. Four types of sphaeridies can be distinguished, i.e. a filamentous, a granular, a globular, and a membranous type. The findings suggest that is a developmental sequence from the filamentous type via the granular and globular to the membranous type. Occasional observations of similar structures in pathological or virus infected cells are discussed. In those cases which could be re-examined, sphaeridies were shown also to occur in controls without pathological changes (hepatoma in the golden hamster) or virus infection (SV 40 virus in the kidney of the monkey). The occurence of sphaeridies is considered to be a functional differentiation in the caryoplasm of normal cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Parasitology research 70 (1984), S. 525-536 
    ISSN: 1432-1955
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The morphology of the body wall and the gut in the midbody region of adult male and femaleLoa loa originating from patients in Gabon was studied by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. The cuticle of the dorsal and ventral regions consists of ten layers. In the lateral regions the cuticle is thicker and includes two additional layers. The thin hypodermis contains numerous transhypodermal fibres. A row of median cells is situated between the syncytia in each lateral chord. No intracellular bacteria were observed. The cross-sections of each of the four muscle sectors are comprised of approximately 12 muscle cells of the coelomyarian type. The plasm of the gut cells contains large vacuoles and several mitochondria. The intestinal wall surrounds a wide lumen filled with material which occasionally contains cellular structures. The morphology ofL. loa is compared with that of adultOnchocerca volvulus andBrugia malayi. The gut of the adultL. loa has the typical nematode morphology, which might be an indication of its normal function in nutrition. The multilayered cuticle with the rather smooth surface, and the prominent muscles correspond to the migratory activity of this filaria.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-1955
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Adult filariae of two intranodularOnchocerca species of red deer (Cervus elaphus) were examined at the ultrastructural level. In all, 90 nodules ofO. flexuosa and 20 nodules ofO. jakutensis were studied by histology,O. jakutensis caused cystic and pus-filled nodules in which the female and male worms were motile. Female worms possessed a thick cuticle and a well-developed somatic musculature. The basal lamina of the muscular syncytia was connected with the transhypodermal fibers through long protrusions. The epicuticle had only few protuberances and no visible surface coat. FemaleO. flexuosa showed morphological features similar to those of other intranodular filariae. A surface coat could not be detected. In 24% of 33 nodules with young live female worms and 40% of 38 nodules with older live femaleO. flexuosa the worms were surrounded by giant cells apparently attacking a cuticle. This was found even in nodules obtained from animals no older than 9 months. It is probable that the lack of a surface coat protecting the female worm and the inability to move due to the reduced somatic muscles lead to an early elimination ofO. flexuosa by the host's immune system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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