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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Formaldehyde exposure enhances inhalative allergic sensitization in the guinea pig (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Allergy 51 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Formaldehyde (FA), a common indoor air pollutant, has been associated with increased prevalence rates of asthmatic symptoms among exposed individuals in epidemiologic surveys. We studied the influence of FA exposure on inhalative allergic sensitization in the guinea pig. Three groups of guinea pigs (n= 12 each) were exposed to clean air or two different FA concentrations (0.13 and 0.25 ppm) over 5 consecutive days. Exposure was followed by inhalation of 0.5% ovalbumin (OA) as sensitizing allergen. Three weeks later, specific bronchial provocation with OA was performed with body plethysmographic measurement of compressed air (CA). Furthermore, specific anti-OA-IgGI (reaginic) antibodies were determined in serum. In a further six animals, the respiratory tract was examined histologically for signs of inflammation directly after the end of FA or clean air exposure. In the group exposed to 0.25 ppm FA, 10/12 animals were found to be sensitized to OA (positive reaction on specific provocation) vs. 3/12 animals in the control group (P〈0.01). Furthermore, CA measurements of specific bronchial provocation and serum anti-OA-antibodies were significantly higher in the 0.25 ppm FA group than in controls (CA 0.35 vs. 0.09 ml median, P〈0.01; anti-OA-IgC1 13 vs. 〈10 EU median, P〈0.05), indicating enhanced sensitization. In the group exposed to 0.13 ppm FA, no significant difference was found compared to the control group. There was no sign of inflammation of the lower airways in FA-exposed guinea pigs other than mucosal edema, which was discovered by morphometry. We conclude that short-term exposure to a low concentration of FA (0.25 ppm) can significantly enhance sensitization to inhaled allergens in the guinea pig.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.1996.tb04564.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The anatomical basis of anal endosonography (1997)
    Springer
    Surgical endoscopy and other interventional techniques 11 (1997), S. 986-990 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2218
    Keywords: Key words: Anal endosonography — Longitudinal muscle — External anal sphincter
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Purpose: Anal endosonography is an imaging modality new to the diagnostic workup of incontinence. Interpretations even of normal endosonomorphologic findings now vary considerably. The conjoined longitudinal muscle (LM), a widely ignored structure, has until recently not been fully recognized by anal endosonography. The aim of this study, therefore, was to accurately determine the normal anatomy of the anal canal and correlate it with the findings obtained by anal endosonography. Methods: Eight postmortem specimens of the anal canal were examined by endosonography. The findings were correlated with macroscopical dissection and gross sectional histology of the same specimens. Results: The external echogenic ring is composed of two anatomical structures: the LM and the external anal sphincter (EAS). However, during anal endosonography the LM cannot always be differentiated from the EAS. Histologically, the relation of the diameters of the LM and the EAS ranged from 0.45:1 to 1.25:1. The narrow hyperechogenic ring between the inner hypoechoic layer and the external hyperechoic ring is an artificial finding that cannot be related to a distinct anatomical structure and most likely represents a sonographic interface. Conclusions: This study exactly outlines the relation of diameters of the conjoined longitudinal muscle and external anal sphincter for the first time. Until now, the LM has been underestimated in its dimensions. The role of such a thick muscular structure should be included in the conception of anal continence in the future. Especially in view of the fact that anal endosonography is increasingly used in the diagnostic workup of incontinence and fistula in ano, it is essential to understand the anatomical basis of endosonography. This study accurately delineates the sonomorphology of the anal muscles. When viewed in light findings reported here, endosonographic findings in diseases of the anal canal are now based on a correct idea of the correlation between endosonomorphology and anal anatomy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004649900508
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pulmonary arteritis with pulmonary arterial thrombosis and recurrent endopulmonary embolization (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 71 (1993), S. 559-563 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Primary pulmonary arteritis ; Pulmonary arterial thrombosis ; Endopulmonary embolization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A 41-year-old woman underwent medical examination for superficial thrombophlebitis of both lower legs. Incidentally a chronic myelogenous leukemia was diagnosed and chemotherapeutically treated. Three weeks after the first attendance the patient again suffered superficial thrombophlebitides of all extremities. Clinically she exhibited symptoms of recurrent mild pulmonary embolization. Contrast venography revealed no signs of deep venous thrombosis of legs, pelvis, or cava inferior. Despite continuous full-dose intravenous heparin administration the patient died, with signs of fulminant pulmonary embolization. Surprisingly, necropsy revealed a complete thrombotic occlusion of the pulmonary arterial system caused by pulmonary arteritis with signs of recurrent pulmonary embolization from a parietal truncus pulmonalis thrombosis. In addition, an appositional growth of parietal thrombi central from peripheral arterial ramifications had occurred. Simultaneously, superficial thrombophlebitis of all extremities was observed without any additional signs of general vasculitis. There was no strong evidence for a causal relationship between the chronic myelogenous leukemia and pulmonary arteritis nor for any other underlying systemic disorder. Therefore we consider the pulmonary arteritis a possibly primary one. This very rare disease is discussed with respect to the literature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00208481
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Der longitudinale Muskel des Analkanals The anal longitudinal muscle (1997)
    Springer
    Der Chirurg 68 (1997), S. 1281-1285 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0385
    Keywords: Key words: Conjoint longitudinal muscle ; Anal canal ; Continence ; Ganglionic cells ; Vater-Pacinian corpuscles. ; Schlüsselwörter: Longitudinaler Muskel ; Analkanal ; Kontinenz ; Ganglienzellen ; Vater-Pacini-Tastkörperchen.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung. Der longitudinale Muskel stellt eine kräftige musculäre Struktur des Analkanals zwischen M. sphincter ani internus und externus dar. Fasern dieses Muskels finden sich als M. canalis ani in der Submukosa des Analkanals und als M. corrugator ani durchdringen sie den subcutanen Anteil des M. sphincter ani externus. Somit verbindet dieser Muskel die willkürlichen und unwillkürlichen Anteile des analen Kontinenzorgans. Histologisch finden sich Ganglienzellen und Vater-Pacini-Tastkörperchen. Die hierdurch nachgewiesene Innervation des Muskels sichert seine funktionelle Bedeutung im Zusammenspiel des analen Schlußapparats. Morphologie, Histologie und Topographie des Muskels legen eine zentrale Bedeutung für die anorectale Kontinenz nahe. Zum Verständnis der Physiologie und Pathophysiologie des analen Kontinenzorgans ist eine Erarbeitung der funktionellen Bedeutung des longitudinalen Muskels unumgänglich.
    Notes: Summary. The longitudinal muscle (LM) represents a strong muscular structure of the anal canal situated between the internal (IAS) and the external anal sphincter (EAS). Terminal fibres of this muscle insert at the submucosa of the anal canal, representing the m. canalis ani. Others cross the subcutaneous part of the EAS to become the m. corrugator ani. Thus, the LM connects the visceral and somatic parts of the anal sphincter complex. Histologically ganglionic cells and as Vater-Pacinian corpuscles can be identified inside the LM. Morphology, topography and histology of the LM suggest that this muscle participates in maintaining anorectal continence. It is mandatory that the exact functions of this muscular structure be to elaborated upon, if we are to understand the mechanism of anorectal continence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001040050360
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