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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    World journal of surgery 20 (1996), S. 183-188 
    ISSN: 1432-2323
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Carcinoid tumors occur most frequently in the gastrointestinal tract. Despite their ability to produce hormones, most of the midgut and hindgut carcinoids covered in this study are clinically silent, and the diagnosis is often not made before emergency surgery or evaluation for liver metastases. Because the rate of lymph node involvement and the prognosis of carcinoid tumors depend on their site and size, surgery refers to these two factors too. Lymph node metastases are most commonly found with small bowel carcinoids (20–45%), providing the rationale for an extended resection including the adjacent lymph node drainage area. Carcinoid tumors of the appendix 〈 1 cm in diameter rarely metastasize, simply requiring appendectomy for treatment. Lesions 〉 2 cm should be treated by right hemicolectomy because of their approximately 30% risk of lymph node metastases. Resection should always be done for carcinoid tumors of the colon resection as for adenocarcinomas. Rectal carcinoids 〈 2 cm rarely metastasize, directing the conclusion that for these smaller lesions local excision is sufficient; for lesions 〉2 cm a standard cancer resection should be performed provided distant metastases are absent. In general, the younger the patient or the larger the primary tumor, the more aggressive the treatment should be.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Surgical endoscopy and other interventional techniques 11 (1997), S. 362 -365 
    ISSN: 1432-2218
    Keywords: Key words: Ultrasound — Acute appendicitis — Prospective trial — Medical decision making
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background: Ultrasonography (US) by acknowledged experts enhances the diagnostic performance and reduces the rate of negative laparotomies in patients with suspected acute appendicitis (AA). Methods: The diagnostic accuracy and clinical impact of routine US performed by surgical residents was prospectively studied in 504 unselected patients admitted for AA. Clinical and US findings were correlated with laparotomy findings and pathological outcome in 135 patients (113 cases with proven AA, prevalence 22.4%) and clinical as well as follow-up data were compared in the remainder. Results: The overall accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of the clinical diagnosis of AA were 84.9%, 51.3%, and 94.6% and those of US were 93.6%, 83.1%, and 96.6%. Joint evaluation of the results from clinical evaluation and US further improved diagnostic performance (accuracy 93.4%, sensitivity 84.1%, specificity 96.2) and significantly reduced the rate of diagnostic errors to 3.4% (p 〈 0.001) and unnecessary laparotomies to 9.6% (p 〈 0.01) in patients with suspected AA. Conclusions: Ultrasonographic evaluation of the patient with suspected AA is considered to be of value in surgical practice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Surgical endoscopy and other interventional techniques 11 (1997), S. 986-990 
    ISSN: 1432-2218
    Keywords: Key words: Anal endosonography — Longitudinal muscle — External anal sphincter
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Purpose: Anal endosonography is an imaging modality new to the diagnostic workup of incontinence. Interpretations even of normal endosonomorphologic findings now vary considerably. The conjoined longitudinal muscle (LM), a widely ignored structure, has until recently not been fully recognized by anal endosonography. The aim of this study, therefore, was to accurately determine the normal anatomy of the anal canal and correlate it with the findings obtained by anal endosonography. Methods: Eight postmortem specimens of the anal canal were examined by endosonography. The findings were correlated with macroscopical dissection and gross sectional histology of the same specimens. Results: The external echogenic ring is composed of two anatomical structures: the LM and the external anal sphincter (EAS). However, during anal endosonography the LM cannot always be differentiated from the EAS. Histologically, the relation of the diameters of the LM and the EAS ranged from 0.45:1 to 1.25:1. The narrow hyperechogenic ring between the inner hypoechoic layer and the external hyperechoic ring is an artificial finding that cannot be related to a distinct anatomical structure and most likely represents a sonographic interface. Conclusions: This study exactly outlines the relation of diameters of the conjoined longitudinal muscle and external anal sphincter for the first time. Until now, the LM has been underestimated in its dimensions. The role of such a thick muscular structure should be included in the conception of anal continence in the future. Especially in view of the fact that anal endosonography is increasingly used in the diagnostic workup of incontinence and fistula in ano, it is essential to understand the anatomical basis of endosonography. This study accurately delineates the sonomorphology of the anal muscles. When viewed in light findings reported here, endosonographic findings in diseases of the anal canal are now based on a correct idea of the correlation between endosonomorphology and anal anatomy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Surgical endoscopy and other interventional techniques 12 (1998), S. 278-280 
    ISSN: 1432-2218
    Keywords: Key words: Acute colonic diverticulitis, complications — Ultrasonography — Portal venous gas
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The diagnosis and assessment of severity of acute colonic diverticulitis may be difficult. A case is presented, in which the delayed diagnosis of diverticulitis resulted in the development of a diverticular mesocolic abscess complicated by hepatic-portal venous gas (HPVG). The utility of ultrasound as a rapid, noninvasive tool to diagnose this distinctly rare condition is outlined. The literature on HPVG associated with acute colonic diverticulitis is reviewed, and the therapeutic options are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Surgical endoscopy and other interventional techniques 11 (1997), S. 1194-1197 
    ISSN: 1432-2218
    Keywords: Key words: Ultrasound — Acute colonic diverticulitis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background: Recent studies have documented the feasibility of ultrasonography (US) to diagnose acute colonic diverticulitis (ACD). This prospective observational trial determined the sonomorphology of ACD and evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of routine US performed on admission by surgeons in training. Methods: Fifty-seven consecutive patients with a confirmed episode of ACD were entered into this study, and the sonomorphology of the involved colon was assessed. US findings were compared to the results of the clinical evaluation and correlated to the clinicopathological outcome. Results: The sonomorphology of ACD was characterized by segmental inflammatory transformation of the colon averaging 9.9 ± 3.2 cm (range, 6–20) in length and visualized as target phenomena of a mean 3.5 ± 0.8 cm (range, 2.4–4.8) width. Targets were caused by hypoechogenic thickening of the colonic wall of an average 7.7 ± 2.6 mm (range, 4–18). In 40% of cases, a hyperechogenic halo representing peridiverticulitis (average width, 2.3 ± 0.6; range, 1.2–3 cm) was noted. Diverticula were seen in almost half of the cases. Of the 57 cases with confirmed ACD, the diagnosis was made by US in 48, for a global accuracy of 84.2%. US was false negative in nine patients, suggesting perforated appendicitis in five cases and acute appendicitis in one (the final diagnoses were perforated sigmoid diverticulitis in five cases and cecal diverticulitis in one case). In three patients, US was nondiagnostic. Conclusion: In the hands of sonographically trained surgeons, ultrasound is a useful modality to image acute colonic diverticulitis. US reveals diagnostic sonomorphology in most cases of ACD and therefore facilitates early confirmation of the diagnosis and assessment of severity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Diseases of the colon & rectum 35 (1992), S. 589-596 
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Keywords: Carcinoid tumor ; Meckel's diverticulum ; Review
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Two cases of carcinoid tumors in Meckel's diverticula are reported. Additionally, data of 104 published cases of carcinoids in this rare location are analyzed. The average age of the patients is 56.6 years and corresponds to the age of patients with ileal carcinoids. Carcinoids in Meckel's diverticula also resemble ileal carcinoids in their biological behavior more than they do appendiceal carcinoids. Tumors larger than 5 mm have a marked risk to metastasize. By the time symptoms are present, 77 percent of these tumors have already metastasized. Men are affected by this tumor 2.5 times more often than women. Carcinoids in Meckel's diverticula metastasize twice as often in female as in male patients. More than 70 percent of carcinoids in Meckel's diverticula are found at the tips of the diverticula. An aggressive surgical management of tumors larger than 5 mm is recommended.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Hyperparathyroidism ; Parathyroid adenoma ; Parathyroid cyst
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die klinisch relevanten Daten von 126 Patienten, die sich zwischen dem 1.1.1987 und dem 31.12.1990 wegen eines Nebenschilddrüsenadenoms an der Klinik für Allgemeinchirurgie der Philipps-Universität Marburg einer Erstoperation unterzogen, wurden prospektiv dokumentiert. Bei 6 Patienten (4,8 %) wurden insgesamt 7 zystische Adenome gefunden. Bei gleicher Alters- and Geschlechtsverteilung wiesen Patienten mit zystischen Adenomen deutlich höhere Serumspiegel für Parathormon and alkalische Phosphatase auf als die mit soliden Adenomen. Der Serumkalziumspiegel in den beiden Gruppen war nicht unterschiedlich. Zystische Adenome waren deutlich schwerer als solide Adenome. Ein erheblicher Anteil der zystischen Adenome war in das hintere Mediastinum verlagert. Die Eigenschaft zystischer Nebenschilddrüsenadenome, häufig nicht an den normalen anatomischen Positionen zu liegen, kann bei ihrer intraoperativen Suche zu Schwierigkeiten führen.
    Notes: Summary Between 01. 01.1987 and 31.12.1990 a primary operation was performed on 126 patients in the Dept. of General Surgery, University of Marburg Hospital for primary hyperparathyroidism due to a parathyroid adenoma. Their clinically relevant data were prospectively documented. In 6 patients (4.8%) a total of 7 cystic parathyroid adenomas was found. While there was no difference in age- and sex-distribution, patients with cystic adenomas were found to have markedly higher serum parathormone and alkaline phosphatase levels than patients with solid adenomas. Calcium levels were similar in both groups. Cystic adenomas were much heavier than solid adenomas. A significant number of cystic adenomas was found to be displaced into the posterior mediastinum. The property of cystic parathyroid adenomas to be frequently located away from their usual anatomical position can make the intraoperative search for them difficult.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1433-0385
    Keywords: Key words: Acute abdominal pain ; Appendicitis diagnosis ; Scoring systems ; Medical decision making. ; Schlüsselwörter: Akute Appendicitis ; Scores ; Medizinische Entscheidungsfindung
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung. Ein von Ohmann et al. in dieser Zeitschrift vorgestellter diagnostischer Score für die akute Appendicitis wurde überprüft. Dazu wurden die klinikopathologischen Verlaufsdaten von 2359 Patienten mit dem Verdacht auf eine akute Appendicitis analysiert und die Ergebnisse des Scores mit denen der Beurteilung durch einen Erst- und Abschlußuntersucher verglichen. Die diagnostische Fähigkeit des Scores wurde schlußfolgernd mit den Zielvariablen‚esamtgenauigkeit’ und‚ositiver Vorhersagewert’ mit dem χ 2-Test untersucht. Seine Fähigkeit Einfluß auf die klinische Entscheidungsfindung zu nehmen, wurde in gleicher Weise anhand der Zielvariablen‚egative Laparotomierate’ und‚ate diagnostischer Fehler’ bewertet. Bei den 2359 mit dem Verdacht auf eine akute Appendicitis vorgestellten Patienten wurde in 662 Fällen histologisch eine akute Appendicitis nachgewiesen (Prävalenz 28 %). Sensitivität, Spezifität, positiver und negativer Vorhersagewert sowie die Gesamtgenauigkeit betrugen für den Erstuntersucher 0,50; 0,94; 0,77; 0,83; 0,82, für den Score 0,63; 0,93; 0,77; 0,86 und 0,84 sowie 0,90; 0,94; 0,85; 0,96 und 0,93 für den Abschlußuntersucher. Bezüglich der Hauptvariablen der diagnostischen Eignung war einzig die Gesamtgenauigkeit des Scores im Vergleich zum Erstuntersucher signifikant besser (p 〈 0,05). Für den Score errechnete sich eine negative Appendektomierate von 14,3 %. Das beste Resultat erreichte der Score bei der Rate effektiv übersehener Fälle einer akuten Appendicitis: 0,9 %. Die Anzahl der potentiellen Perforationen sowie der stattgehabten Perforationen war nahezu vierfach höher als die des Abschlußuntersuchers (245 vs. 63). Bezüglich der Hauptvariablen der prozeduralen Eignung zeigte sich für den Score erneut nur im Vergleich zum Erstuntersucher eine signifikant bessere Rate diagnostischer Fehler (p 〈 0,05). Die Ergebnisse dieser Untersuchung zeigen, daß dieser Diagnosescore sinnvoll eingesetzt werden könnte, insbesondere wenn erfahrene chirurgische Untersucher oder weiterführende diagnostische Modalitäten wie z. B. der Ultraschall nicht verfügbar sind. Er kann deshalb möglicherweise in der prästationären Diagnostik bei Patienten mit Verdacht auf eine akute Appendicitis als Entscheidungshilfe eingesetzt werden. Dieser Score könnte auch bei der Qualitätssicherung oder innerhalb klinischer Leitlinien Anwendung finden.
    Notes: Summary. A diagnostic scoring system, recently published by Ohmann et al. in this journal, was validated by analyzing the clinicopathological data of a consecutive series of 2,359 patients, admitted for suspicion of acute appendicitis. The results of the scoring system were compared to the results of clinical evaluation by junior (provisional) and senior surgeons (final clinical diagnosis). To assess the diagnostic ability of the score, the accuracy and positive predictive value were defined as the major diagnostic performance parameters; the rate of theoretical negative laparotomies and that of diagnostic errors served as the major procedural performance parameters. Of 2,359 patients admitted for suspected acute appendicitis, 662 were proven to have acute appendicitis by histology, for a prevalence of 28 %. The overall sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of the provisional clinical diagnosis were 0.50, 0.94, 0.77, 0.83, and 0.82; 0.93, for the score 0.63, 0.93, 0.77, 0.86 and 0.84, and for the final clinical diagnosis 0.90, 0.94, 0.85, 0.96, and 0.93, respectively. Of the main diagnostic performance parameter, the accuracy of the score was signifianctly better than that of provisional clinical diagnosis (P 〈 0.05, χ 2 test). The score yielded a rate of negative appendecomies and laparotomies of 14.3 and 12.3 %. With respect to the rate of overlooked cases of acute apendicitis, the score demonstrated a superior performance, with only 6 cases missed (0.9 %). However, the number of patients with acute appendicitis, including those with perforated disease, who were not identified by the score, was almost four times that of the final clinical diagnosis (245 vs 63). With regard to the main procedural performance parameter, the score resulted in a significantly smaller number of diagnostic errors than the provisional clinical investigator (P 〈 0.05, χ 2 test). The results of this study indicate that the diagnostic scoring system might be helpful when experienced investigators or additional diagnostic modalities such as ultrasonography are not available. It may therefore be of value in the preclinical evaluation of patients with suspected acute appendicitis and may be instrumental as a quality control tool and in clinical guidelines.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1433-0385
    Keywords: Key words: Decision-aids ; Survey ; Attitudes ; Integration of users. ; Schlüsselwörter: Entscheidungshilfen ; Umfrage ; Einstellungen ; Einbeziehung der Anwender.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung. Obwohl mittlerweile eine Fülle von Entscheidungshilfen entwickelt wurde, erfolgt der Einsatz in die tägliche Routine nach wie vor zögerlich. Neben vielen anderen Ursachen sind hierbei auch die Vorbehalte auf Seiten der potentiellen Anwender zu berücksichtigen. Zur Abschätzung der bisherigen Erfahrungen und gegenwärtigen Einstellung gegenüber diesen Unterstützungssystemen wurde eine Befragung in 3 chirurgischen Kliniken durchgeführt. Von den 102 angeschriebenen Ärztinnen und Ärzten sandten 72 (71 %) den kurzen Fragebogen ausgefüllt zurück. Über die Hälfte der 72 Befragungsteilnehmer verwenden bereits formale Entscheidungshilfen. Leitlinien kommen mit 46 % am häufigsten zur Anwendung, während andere Verfahren (Algorithmen, Scores, Entscheidungsbäume) bislang nur selten eingesetzt werden (10–17 %). Computergestützte Entscheidungshilfen kommen fast gar nicht zum Einsatz (7 %). Demgegenüber steht ein deutliches Interesse an Entscheidungshilfen, wobei insbesondere Computerprogramme von fast 40 % gewünscht werden. Ärzte, die bereits Entscheidungshilfen anwenden, äußern ein stärkeres Interesse an weiteren Unterstützungssystemen. Über 70 % der Befragten wünschen genauere Informationen zum Thema. Bei der standardisierten Befragung zu computergestützten Entscheidungshilfen überwiegen positive Einschätzungen, während bei den offenen Fragen eher Bedenken geäußert werden. Die zum Teil deutlichen Unterschiede zwischen den 3 Erhebungsorten machen deutlich, daß die Einstellung gegenüber Entscheidungshilfen maßgeblich von der Art der Einführung, Aufklärung und Einbeziehung der Anwender abhängig ist. Für eine erfolgreiche Implementation von Entscheidungshilfen in den klinischen Alltag sollten daher die zukünftigen Anwender soweit wie möglich einbezogen werden.
    Notes: Summary. Even though many decision-aids have been developed in the past, the application of these systems in clinical practice is still rare. There are many reasons for this, including the reservations of potential users. A survey in three university surgery clinics was conducted to assess the experience and attitudes towards decision-aids among physicians. Seventy-two of the 102 physicians approached (71 %) filled out and returned the short questionnaire that was sent to them. More than half of the 72 survey participants already use decision-aids. Among them, guidelines are used most often (46 %), whereas other instruments (algorithms, scores, decision trees) are used less frequently (10–17 %). Computer-based decision-aids are hardly used at all (7 %). These results are in contrast to the strong request for more decision-aids, especially for computer-based systems (40 %). Physicians who already use decision-aids are more interested in additional systems. More than 70 % of all participants are interested in more information about the topic. The standardized question about attitudes towards computer-based decision-aids reveals more positive than negative appraisal, whereas the answers to open questions focus more on objections. The substantial differences between the three survey locations in parts of the survey results show that attitudes towards decision-aids are influenced by the way the instruments are introduced and the way the users are informed and involved in the process of implementation. A successful implementation of decision-aids in clinical practice should therefore try to integrate the future users as much as possible.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Onkologe 3 (1997), S. 7-15 
    ISSN: 1433-0415
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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