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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gas kinetics during nitrous oxide analgesia for labour (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anaesthesia 51 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Hypoxaemia may occur after hyperventilation with nitrous oxide during labour. The purpose of this study was to assess whether diffusion hypoxia is a contributory factor. Twenty-four parturients were randomly allocated to receive 50 or 70% nitrous oxide in oxygen. The median nitrous oxide inhalation time per contraction was 58 s and 33 s, respectively. The end-tidal carbon dioxide and the minute ventilation remained unchanged. The end-tidal oxygen concentration was lowest at 120s, reaching 15.4% in both groups. The oxygen saturation did not differ between the groups with a lowest median value of 96% before the start of nitrous oxide inhalation. Two parturients had episodes ofdesaturation. Both had low end-tidal oxygen concentrations in association with the desaturation but, as the end-tidal nitrous oxide concentrations were low, the desaturations could not be attributed to diffusion hypoxia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1996.tb07790.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crosslinking of CD30 on Activated Human Th Clones Enhances Their Cytokine Production and Downregulates the CD30 Expression (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 52 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Signalling through CD30 has been shown to mediate pleiotropic effects, depending on the type of target cell. In the present study, we have used the agonistic anti-CD30 monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) M44 to study phenotypic changes in human T-cell clones of Th1 and Th2 type. Alterations in the surface expression of CD30, CD28 and CD40L following CD30 stimulation were analyzed after 24 h, and the cytokine production after CD30 crosslinking was measured at 48 h. We observed a clear reduction of surface expression of CD30 after treatment with the M44 MoAb. Our results also indicate that CD28 is significantly down modulated in the Th2 clones after CD30 crosslinking (P 〈 0.05, n = 5) whereas no apparent alteration was observed in the expression of CD40L. When the concentration of cytokines was measured in the supernatants after CD30 stimulation, elevated levels of interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-5 were observed in the Th2 clones, and elevated levels of interferon (IFN)-γ in the Th1 clones. The enhanced cytokine production after CD30 crosslinking supports the presumption of CD30 functions as a positive regulator in activated T cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.2000.00830.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Peripheral Blood T-Cell Receptor β-Chain V-Repertoire in Atopic Dermatitis Patients After In Vitro Exposure to Pityrosporum orbiculare Extract (1999)
    Oxford, U.K. and Cambridge, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 49 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The yeast Pityrosporum orbiculare belongs to the normal cutaneous flora but is also considered to be one of the factors that may contribute to atopic dermatitis (AD). In the present study we investigated the possibility that P. orbiculare can act with superantigen activity in AD. P. orbiculare-reactive T-cell lines (TCLs) were obtained after stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) with P. orbiculare extract. T-cell receptor β-chain V-segment (TCRBV) usage was investigated using monoclonal antibodies and flow cytometry. We could not find any difference in TCRBV usage between AD patients (n = 10) and healthy controls (n = 5), either in fresh PBMC or in P. orbiculare-reactive TCLs. Compared with their original PBMCs the P. orbiculare-reactive TCLs showed a decreased usage of several TCRBVs, although increased usage of certain TCRBVs could be seen in some of the individuals. Further analysis of the CDR3-length polymorphism exhibited a shift in CDR3-length distribution, indicating oligoclonal expansion of T cells specific to different antigens in the P. orbiculare extract. In conclusion we have not found any evidence for superantigen activity in P. orbiculare extract, but our data support the importance of classical major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-restricted allergens in P. orbiculare.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3083.1999.00506.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Levels of soluble CD30 in cord blood and peripheral blood during childhood are not correlated with the development of atopic disease or a family history of atopy (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 33 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background The CD30 molecule has been linked to Th2 responses. Furthermore, elevated levels of the soluble form of CD30 (sCD30) in blood as well as of the expression of CD30 on the plasma membrane of T cells are associated with atopic disease.Objective To assess the potential usefulness of sCD30 levels as a prognostic indicator of and/or diagnostic marker for the development of atopic disease in children.Methods sCD30 levels in cord blood and peripheral blood from 36 2-year-old (10 atopic and 26 non-atopic) and 74 7-year-old (35 atopic and 39 non-atopic) children were determined employing an ELISA procedure. Atopy was diagnosed on the basis of clinical evaluation in combination with a positive skin prick test.Results No significant correlation between sCD30 levels in cord blood and the development of atopic disease at 2 or 7 years of age was observed. At 7 years of age, the circulating sCD30 levels in children with atopic disease (median 41 U/mL, range 6–503 U/mL) did not differ from the corresponding values for non-atopic subjects (median 41 U/mL, range 8–402 U/mL). The same was true for children at 2 years of age. Furthermore, the sCD30 levels of children who had developed atopic eczema/dermatitis syndrome by the age of 7 years (median 49 U/mL, range 14–503 U/mL) were not significantly elevated in comparison with those of the non-atopic children. Finally, neither sCD30 levels in cord blood nor peripheral blood at 2 or 7 years of age could be linked to a family history of atopy.Conclusion These findings indicate that the sCD30 concentration in cord blood is not a reliable prognostic indicator of, nor a useful diagnostic marker for, atopic disease in children up to 7 years of age. If such correlations do exist, they might be masked by age-dependent variations in the circulating levels of sCD30, which may reflect individual differences in the maturation of children's immunological responses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2222.2003.01792.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Detection of Pityrosporum orbiculare reactive T cells from skin and blood in atopic dermatitis and characterization of their cytokine profiles (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 26 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Atopic dermatitis (AD) is associated with increased levels of serum igE. and T-helper (Th) cells are thought to a play role in the pathogenesis. Individuals with AD often develop IgE antibodies against the yeast Pityrosporum orhiculare. a member of the normal cutaneous flora.Objective The role of P. orbiculare in atopic dermatitis was investigated by examining the T-cell reactivity for P. orbiculare.Methods Freshly isolated peripheral blood monoruclear cells (PBMC) were isolated from 10 AD patients with serum IgE antibodies against P. orbiculare, and from six healthy controls. The proliferative response after P. orbiculare stimulation, measured by [3H]thymidine incorporation, was examined in the PBMC and in T-cell clones (TCC) obtained from skin and blood of one patient. The cytokine profile of the TCC was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorhent assay (ELISA). radioimmunoassay (RIA) and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) following challenge with either P. orbiculare extract or anti-CD3 antibodies and phytohaemag-glutinin.Results The PBMC response to P. orbiculare was significantly higher in the AD patients than in the control group (P 〈 0.05). Twenty-nine out of 36 tested TCC derived from one responding patient were reactive for P. orhiculare. The clones were CD2+ and CD4+, except for one CD8+ blood clone. A majority of the TCC derived from lesional skin showed a Th2- or Th2/Th0-like cytokine profile. A co-expression of interIeukin-5 (IL-5) mRNA and II-13 mRNA was detected in five out of six P. orhicularc-reative clones analysed for their cytokinc gene expression with RT-PCR.Conclusion Our data suggest that P. orhiculare can induce a T-cell response in AD patients. The Th2-like profile of P. orbiculare-reactive TCC derived from lesional skin indicates that P. orhiculare may play a role in maintaining IgE-mediated skin inflammation in AD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.1996.tb00526.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitrous oxide uptake during spontaneous and controlled ventilation (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anaesthesia 49 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The rate of uptake of nitrous oxide was studied in 40 orthopaedic patients anaesthetised with either enflurane or isoflurane in nitrous oxide and with either spontaneous or controlled ventilation. A variant of the Douglas bag method was used in combination with low fresh gas flows to a circle system. There were no significant differences in nitrous oxide uptake between the groups and the uptake rates followed‘the square root of time concept', with an overall best fit curve of 1080.t-0.505 ml.70 kg-1.min-1. During spontaneous ventilation, the nitrous oxide uptake rate was similar or even higher than the corresponding rate during controlled ventilation, in spite of lower minute volumes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1994.tb03307.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Predictable nitrous oxide uptake enables simple oxygen uptake monitoring during low flow anaesthesia (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anaesthesia 49 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The uptake rate of oxygen and nitrous oxide were studied during low flow anaesthesia with enflurane or isoflurane in nitrous oxide with either spontaneous or controlled ventilation. The excess gas flow and composition were analysed. The nitrous oxide uptake rate was in agreement with Severinghaus’formula V̇N20 1000.t-0.5. The composition of excess gas was predictable and the following formula for oxygen uptake could be derived: V̇O2=V̇fgO2 -0.45 (V̇fgN2O -(kg: 70.1000.t-0.5)) where oxygen uptake rate (V̇O2, ml.min-1) equals oxygen fresh gas flow (V̇fgO2) minus 0.45 times the difference between the fresh gas flow of nitrous oxide (V̇fgN2O), ml.min-1 and estimated uptake of nitrous oxide. The equation assumes constant inspired gas concentrations of 30% oxygen and 65–70% nitrous oxide. The oxygen uptake rates calculated from this formula were in good agreement with measured uptake rates. Thus, continuous monitoring of oxygen uptake rates is possible by using only reliable flowmeters and analysis of inspried oxygen concentration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1994.tb03308.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    lnterleukin-1β and phenytoin reduce α1 (1) procollagen mRNA expression in human gingival fibroblasts (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of periodontal research 31 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0765
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Effects of and interactions between interleukin-1β (IL-1 β) and phenytoin (PHT) on α1 (I) procollagen gene and protein expression in human gingival fibroblasts and its relation to prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) formation were studied. IL-1β (300 pg/ ml) reduced the steady-state level of αl(I) procollagen mRNA by 50% and decreased the amount of procollagen I by 35%. PHT (10 μg/ml) reduced the level of α1(I) procollagen mRNA by 40% but the amount of procollagen I in the medium was unchanged. In combination with IL-1β, PHT potentiated the inhibitory effect of IL-1β on αl(I) procollagen mRNA level that was accompanied by an increased PGE2 formation. Preincubation with indomethacin (10-6m) partially reduced the inhibitory effect of IL-1β as well as of IL-1β in combination with PHT on the mRNA level of αl(I) procollagen. The inhibitory effect of PHT was unaffected by indomethacin treatment. Addition of exogenous PGE2 (≥10 nm) dose-dependently reduced steady-state level of α1(I) procollagen mRNA as well as the amount of procollagen 1. The study indicates that IL-1 reduces the expression of αl(I) procollagen mRNA in human gingival fibroblasts partly by a prostaglandin endoperoxide (PGH) synthase-mediated pathway and partly by a PGH-synthase independent pathway, whereas PHT reduces α1(I) procollagen gene expression by a PGH-synthase independent pathway. The potentiation of the inhibitory effect of IL-1 induced by PHT was mediated mainly by a PGH-synthase dependent pathway.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0765.1996.tb00521.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vertebral defects in fourhorn sculpin, Myoxocephalus quadricornis L., exposed to heavy metal pollution in the Gulf of Bothnia (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 33 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Vertebral defects in adult fourhorn sculpin were used to trace heavy metal pollution in the Gulf of Bothnia (Baltic Sea). From 1978 to 1984 a total of 9789 specimens from 22 localities were X-rayed and analysed for vertebral deformities, e.g., scoliosis, deformation and/or dislocation of individual vertebrae, etc. The frequency of fish with vertebral defects ranged between 4.3 and 39.7%, the highest frequencies being found in the vicinity of a metal ore smeltery (Rönnskärsverken) emitting heavy metals and arsenic. The possible influence of genetic factors, migration, sex, size, age and parasitic infections on the results are discussed and evaluated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1988.tb05496.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Seasonal variation of mass, condition and gonadosomatic index in fourhorn sculpin (Myoxocephalus quadricornis) with normal and malformed vertebrae in the Gulf of Bothnia (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 42 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: It may be expected that vertehral anomaties would reduer the viability and reproductive success of fish. In the present study. the relationship of vertebral defects to body mass. Iength, age, condition, gonadosomatic index and growth in fourhorn sculpin, Myoxocephalus quadricornis, in the Gulf of Bothnia was studied. There were no differences in growth between normal and defective lish, for either males or females. While normal and defectives males were similar in age and length. defective females were older and longer than normal females. Defective males and females had a significantly greater somatic mass that normal fish. However defective females may be later than in normal fish. Hence, vertebral defects do not necessarly reduce the reproductive potential of fourhorn sculpin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1993.tb00327.x
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