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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pediatric radiology 24 (1994), S. 156-160 
    ISSN: 1432-1998
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A donut-shaped intestinal structure in the lower right abdomen, observed during abdominal ultrasound investigation following nonoperative intussusception reduction, may create a diagnostic problem concerning differentiation from a residual or recurrent intussusception or underlying small bowel disease. In 30 cases of ileocolic intussusception an abdominal ultrasound examination was performed after reduction, the success of which was proven by radiological and clinical criteria. More than half of the examinations showed an aperistaltic “donut” in the ileocecal region which was similar to the target sign commonly seen in intussusception. Differentiation was possible according to the following two criteria: first, the diameter of the donut was smaller than that of the original target sign seen in these patients. Second, the donut consisted of a broad hypoechoic rim and an echogenic center, whereas the target was normally composed of multiple concentric rings. One third of the patients showed localized thickening of the walls of the distal ileal loops which did not cause diagnostic problems. All of the suspicious intestinal structures disappeared within the first 5 days following reduction. It is our opinion that the post-reduction donut correlates with significant edema of the ileocecal valve and does not represent a mechanical lead point or persisting residual intussusception.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Radiologe 38 (1998), S. 364-369 
    ISSN: 1432-2102
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Sonographie ; Pulmonale Erkrankungen ; Key words Sonograpy ; Pulmonary diseases
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The indications or ultrasound in the evaluation of pulmonary disorders are described. Clinical applications are several lung diseases in adults and especially in children. In specific, well-defined applications, the feasibilties of ultrasound are promising. Sonography provides important additional information to chest X-ray and is even superior to CT under special circumstances. Pulmonary sonography is a useful link between conventional X-ray and more expensive cross-sectional imaging. In the evaluation of pulmonary diseases at present the potential of ultrasound is not optimally used.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Indikationen der Sonographie in der Diagnostik pulmonaler Erkrankungen werden dargestellt. Klinische Anwendungen ergeben sich bei zahlreichen Lungenerkrankungen des Erwachsenen und ganz besonders des Kindes. Bei exakt definierten Fragestellungen ist der Ultraschall überraschend aussagekräftig. Die Sonographie liefert wichtige Zusatzinformationen zur konventionellen Röntgendiagnostik und ist in speziellen Fällen sogar der Computertomographie überlegen. Die Sonographie ist ein wertvolles Bindeglied zwischen röntgenologischer Basisdiagnostik und aufwendigeren Schnittbildverfahren. Am Thorax wird das diagnostische Potential der Sonographie derzeit noch ungenügend ausgeschöpft.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-2102
    Keywords: Key words Lymphoma ; Staging ; Radiology ; Computed tomography ; MRI ; Schlüsselwörter Lymphome ; Staging ; Diagnostik ; Computertomographie ; Magnetresonanztomographie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Das Staging mit bildgebenden Verfahren stellt unverändert die Grundlage einer differenzierten Therapie der malignen Lymphome dar. Die Stadieneinteilung folgt der Ann-Arbor-Klassifikation, die um einige Modifikationen erweitert wurde. Standarduntersuchungsverfahren ist bisher die CT, aufgrund der zunehmenden Vorteile der MRT ist aber zu erwarten, daß die MRT eine größere Bedeutung erlangen wird. Die Stärken der Schnittbildverfahren liegen in einer exakten und reproduzierbaren Dokumentation des Ausmaßes des nodalen Befalls. Der Nachweis extranodaler Herde ist abhängig von ihrer Wachstumsform und ihrer Lokalisation. Während fokale Herde in parenchymatösen Organen bei ausreichender Größe gut dargestellt werden können, bleibt ein diffuses Wachstum oft unerkannt. Computertomographisch kann ein Lungenbefall sicher erfaßt werden, die Veränderungen sind aber nicht spezifisch. Unbefriedigend sind die Ergebnisse der Diagnostik eines Milz- oder Leberbefalls. Der Einsatz der „Hydrotechnik“ hat das Staging gastrointestinaler Lymphome mittels Schnittbildverfahren deutlich verbessert.
    Notes: Summary Radiological staging continues to remain the basis of a critical therapy of malignant lymphoma. As staging system, the Ann Arbor classification with some added modification is used. Up to now, CT is the imaging study of choice for staging and follow-up of cases of lymphoma. In future however, due to the advantages of the MRI, parts of the staging will be performed by MRI only. Imaging studies provide accurate measurement of extent of nodal disease. The detection of extra-nodal disease depends on the growth pattern and on the location. Focal lesions of sufficient size can be readily detected, diffuse infiltration is often missed. Computed tomography precisely reflects pathologic changes of lung involvement, but the findigs are not specific. One weakness of the imaging studies is the low detection rate of splenic and hepatic involvement. Staging of gastrointestinal lymphoma has been improved by “hydro-CT” or “Hydro-MRI”.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Radiologe 37 (1997), S. 51-61 
    ISSN: 1432-2102
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Radiologische Diagnostik ; M. Hodgkin ; Non-Hodgkin-Lymphom ; Tumoren im Kindesalter ; Lymphome im Kindesalter ; Key words Diagnostic imaging ; Lymphoma ; Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma ; diagnosis ; Hodgkin's disease ; diagnosis ; Childhood tumors ; Lymphoma in children
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Manifestation of childhood Hodgkin's disease and Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma differ, especially in the latter, from those in adults. Extranodal involvement is seen even more frequently in childhood Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas than in adults. This article reviews the radiological findings in malignant lymphomas in children, explains the differences in the manifestation of Hodgkin's disease and Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, of different subtypes and of the malignant lymphomas in adults. The problems in diagnosis of organ manifestation and special problems of diagnostic imaging procedures in children are discussed.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Manifestationsformen des M. Hodgkin und der Non-Hodgkin-Lymphome des Kindes- und Jugendalters unterscheiden sich vor allem bei Non-Hodgkin-Lymphomen von denen des Erwachsenenalters. So ist die extranodale Manifestation der Non-Hodgkin-Lymphome bei Kindern wesentlich häufiger als bei Erwachsenen. Der vorliegende Artikel gibt eine Übersicht über die radiologischen Befund der malignen Lymphome des Kindesalters und erläutert die Unterschiede zwischen den Manifestationsformen des M. Hodgkin und der Non-Hodgkin-Lymphome, der verschiedenen Subtypen und die Unterschiede zu den Formen des Erwachsenenalters. Die diagnostischen Schwierigkeiten in der Erkennung eines Organbefalls und die richtige Einordnung eines pathologisch imponierenden Befunds werden diskutiert.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Radiologe 37 (1997), S. 62-73 
    ISSN: 1432-2102
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Maligne Lymphome im Kindesalter ; Sonographie ; Indikationen ; Befunde ; Differentialdiagnose ; Key words Malignant lymphoma in childhood ; Ultrasound ; Indications ; Findings ; Differential diagnosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The sonographic diagnosis of malignant lymphoma in childhood is described. Malignant lymphomas are sonographically relatively uniform: initial enlargement of the lymph nodes and organs involved and disturbance of normal echo texture by mainly hypoechoic lesions can be found. Generally, four sonographic patterns of infiltration are described: diffuse, small nodular, large nodular and bulky type. Secondary, tumor-related or inflammatory complications (e. g. dislocation or compression of vessels, thoracic inlet syndrome, venous thrombosis, ileus, urinary retention, abscess and effusion) can be sonographically evaluated. Response to therapy correlates with normalization of size and echo texture and recovery from tumor-related complications. Differential diagnosis with ultrasound is based on the topographic distribution and echo pattern of infiltration and, with certain restrictions, on the echogenicity of lesions and perfusion feasible with Doppler sonography. The primary diagnosis has to be established histologically.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Ultraschalldiagnostik maligner Lymphome im Kindesalter wird beschrieben. Lymphatische Sytemerkrankungen des Kindes sind sonographisch relativ einheitlich: initial finden sich Lymphknoten- und Organvergrößerungen, sowie Störung der normalen Echotextur meist in Form von hypoechogenen Läsionen. An den parenchymatösen Organen werden sonographisch im wesentlichen 4 Infiltrationsmuster beobachtet: diffus, klein-nodulär, groß-nodulär und der „Bulcky-Typ“. Sekundäre, tumor- oder entzündungsbedingte Komplikationen (Gefäßkompression, Einflußstauung, Thrombose, Ileus, Harntransportstörung, Abszesse, Ergüsse) sind sonographisch erfaßbar. Ein Therapieerfolg ist im Ultraschall an der Normalisierung der Lymphknoten- und Organgröße, der Rückkehr der normalen Organechogenität und der Rückbildung tumor- bzw. entzündungsbedingter Komplikationen erkennbar. Differentialdiagnostische Hinweise ergeben sich aus dem topographischen Verteilungsmuster und dem sonographischen Erscheinungsbild der Läsionen, sowie unter gewissem Vorbehalt anhand der Echogenität und der dopplersonographisch analysierbaren Durchblutungsverhätnisse. Die primäre Diagnose ist immer histologisch zu sichern.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 116 (1990), S. 467-469 
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Pharmacokinetic model ; Sexual-steroid-hormone-linked anticancer agent ; Site-directed chemotherapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Sexual-steroid-hormone-linked anticancer agents are a new group of cytotoxic drugs designed for a site-directed chemotherapy of tumors containing sexual steroid hormone receptors. The hormone (e.g. estradiol or testosterone) should act as a carrier that leads to a preferential receptor-mediated drug accumulation in hormone-receptor-positive tumors (such as mammary carcinomas and prostatic cancer). In several preclinical therapeutic studies of sexual-hormone-receptor-positive breast cancer, for instance, conjugates of 2-chloroethyl-carbamoyl-L-alanine linked to estradiol or dihydrotestosterone showed, in comparison to the unlinked single agent, a significantly higher antineoplastic activity and a clearly lower systemic toxicity. But there is still only limited knowledge about the pharmacokinetic properties and the mode of action of these new drugs. For this reason in the present article a more comprehensive pharmacokinetic model and the pattern of distribution of new sexual-steroid-hormone-linked anticancer agents have been described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 119 (1993), S. 541-548 
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Hexadecylphosphocholine ; Diagnostic imaging techniques ; Soft-agar colony assay ; Fibroblasts ; DNA and RNA virus replication ; Cellular signal transduction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Alkylphosphocholines, and especially their main representative hexadecylphosphocholine (HPC), show high anticancer activity in methylnitrosourea(MNU)-induced autochthonous rat mammary carcinoma. The regression of MNU-induced rat mammary carcinoma during HPC treatment can be evaluated by computed tomography and sonography. This allows a noninvasive monitoring of therapy in vivo (tumor size, morphology, and blood supply). Both diagnostic modalities can show a rapid concentric decrease in tumor volume as well as the appearance of cystic, scarry, and necrotic areas in the tumor tissue as a result of HPC treatment. In addition, prior to, during and after therapy tumor perfusion can be assessed by color Doppler sonography in vivo. A more than 4-fold difference in HPC efficacy was observed when the colony growth of explanted MNU-induced mammary carcinoma cells was measured in the methylcellulose colony assay (IC50=180 νmol HPC/l) and the Hamburger Salmon colony assay (IC50=740 μmol HPC/l). IN the latter assay, growth of concomitantly seeded untransformed cells, especially of fibroblasts, is much lower than in the methylcellulose colony assay. We therefore assume that the antitumor efficacy of HPC against MNU-induced mammary carcinoma is enhanced by neighboring cells such as fibroblasts. Cell culture experiments with the three MNU-induced rat mammary carcinoma cell clones 1-C-2, 1-C-30, and 1-C-32 revealed IC50 values in the range of 50–70 μmol HPC/l. The volume of 1-C-2 cells increased up to 4-fold after 72 h of permanent exposure to 100 μmol HPC/l, a concentration that completely inhibited proliferation of tumor cell numbers without being cytotoxic. Nucleotide triphosphate levels dropped significantly after 24 h and were slowly restored in spite of continued exposure. After 72 h, they nearly reached those levels observed in plateau-phase cells. This suggests that HPC-induced growth inhibition has similarities with physiologically occurring growth arrest. Finally, replication of RNA viruses and DNA viruses was suppressed 30-fold and 7-fold, respectively, at low concentrations of HPC (12 μmol/l), which caused no or negligible growth inhibition in the virus-harboring cells, thus demonstrating specific antiviral activity of HPC. From these observations we conclude that HPC differs in many important aspects from conventional cytostatic agents and is certainly worth following-up in further investigations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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