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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Pediatric allergy and immunology 3 (1992), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1399-3038
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Impaired function of the enzyme δ-6-desaturase has been proposed as a pathogenetic factor for atopic disease, especially eczema. Such a defect would lead to an increase in linolic acid and a decrease of its metabolic products (e. g. γ-linolenic acid and arachidonic acid). If a general defect were present in atopic mothers it would be detectable from the distribution of w-6-fatty acids in breast milk. We analysed the fatty acid pattern of breast milk samples of 29 healthy, 23 atopie mothers with allergic rhinitis or allergic bronchial asthma and of 20 mothers with atopic eczema. Fatty acid patterns in the breast milk of atopic mothers with rhinoconjunctivitis or bronchial asthma, non-atopic mothers and in those with atopic eczema were almost identical with respect to the mean values, 95% confidence intervals of the mean and ranges of the individual values of fatty acids. Additionally, the ratio of linoleic acid/dihomo-γ-linolenic acid + arachidonic acid as a measure of δ-6-desaturase activity did not differ between the groups. Our results do not confirm an impaired activity of δ-6-desaturase in breast milk of atopic mothers. Thus, the biochemical basis and rationale for supplementing lactating atopic mothers with γ-linolenic acid preparations seem questionable.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Keywords: protein-energymalnutrition ; vitaminE status ; children ; Sudan ; developingcountries ; Protein-Energie-Mangelernährung ; Vitamin-E-Status ; Kinder ; Sudan ; Entwicklungsländer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Das Gesamttocopherol und alpha-Tocopherol wurden im Plasma von Kindern mit schwerer Mangelernährung (14 Maramus; 11 marantischer kwashiorkor; 5 kwashiorkor) bestimmt und auf die Gesamtlipide des Plasmas und auf die verschiedenen Plasmalipidklassen bezogen. Wenn die reinen Plasmakonzentrationen als ein Index des Vitamin-E-Status genommen würden, so wären 5 Kinder mit Marasmus, 5 Kinder mit marantischem kwashiorkor und 2 Kinder mit kwashiorkor als defizitär (〈500 μg/dl) anzusehen. Werden jedoch Gesamttocopherol und alpha-Tocopherol auf die Gesamtlipide bezogen, so zeigten alle mangelernährten Kinder — bis auf eines — Werte, die innerhalb der Grenzen lagen, die für gesunde amerikanische Kinder gefunden wurden. Die Studie zeigt, daß niedrige Tocopherol-Lipid-Verhältnisse kein konstantes Merkmal bei schwer mangelernährten Kindern sind.
    Notes: Summary Total tocopherols and alpha-tocopherols were estimated in the plasma of children with severe malnutrition (14 marasmus; 11 marasmic kwashiorkor; five kwashiorkor) and related to the total plasma lipids and different plasma lipid classes. If the mere plasma concentrations were taken as an index of the vitamin E status, five children with marasmus, five children with marasmic kwashiorkor, and two children with kwashiorkor would have been regarded as deficient (〈500 μg/dl). However, if total tocopherols and alpha-tocopherols were related to the total plasma lipids, all malnourished children — except one — showed values within the limits found in healthy American children. The study shows that low tocopherol/lipid ratios are not a constant feature in severely malnourished children.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of nutrition 27 (1988), S. 266-271 
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Keywords: nut-nougat cream ; transfatty acids ; hydrogenatedvegetable oil ; Nußnougat-Creme ; trans-Fettsäuren ; gehärtetePflanzenfette
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In zwölf verschiedenen Sorten von Nußnougat-Creme wurde die Fettsäurezusammensetzung einschließlich der trans-Fettsäuren mittels Kapillargaschromatographie untersucht. Die Cremes bestanden hauptsächlich aus Zucker und teilweise gehärteten Pflanzenfetten. In den verschiedenen Sorten betrug der gravimetrisch ermittelte Fettgehalt zwischen 30 und 38,2%. Die verschiedenen Cremes wiesen deutliche Unterschiede in ihrer Fettsäurekomposition auf. Der Gehalt an Linolsäure, der wichtigsten mehrfach ungesättigten Fettsäure, schwankte zwischen 12 und 39%. Der Anteil an Palmitinsäure (16∶0), die den Hauptanteil an den gesättigten Fettsäuren ausmachte, variierte zwischen 9 und 27%. Der Gesamtgehalt an trans-Fettsäuren lag zwischen 0,9 und 12,3%, nur zwei Cremes enthielten weniger als 1 %. 18∶1t stellte den größten Anteil an allen trans-Fettsäuren, während 14∶1t und 16∶1t nur in Spuren gefunden wurden. Drei Proben enthielten die Linolsäure-Isomere 18∶2tt, 18∶2ct und 18∶2tc, jeweils in einem Bereich zwischen 0,7 und 1,06% der Gesamtfettsäuren; in den restlichen Cremes wurden davon nur Spuren nachgewiesen. Unsere Untersuchungen wiesen trans-Fettsäuren in jeder Form von Nußnougat-Creme nach. Da mögliche Zusammenhänge zwischen der Aufnahme von trans-Fettsäuren und der Entstehung von Tumorerkrankungen und Arteriosklerose ungeklärt sind, sollten andere Herstellungsverfahren verwendet werden, um die trans-Fettsäuren aus den genannten Produkten zu eliminieren, zumal diese bevorzugt von Kindern als Brotaufstrich verzehrt werden.
    Notes: Summary The fatty acid composition including trans fatty acids of 12 brands of nut-nougat creams were analyzed by capillary gas chromatography. The creams consisted mainly of sugar and partially hydrogenated vegetable oil. The lipid content, which was quantified gravimetrically, amounted to between 30 and 38.2 % in the different brands. The fatty acid composition varied considerably between the different creams. Linoleic acid, the major polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), ranged from 12 to 39%. Palmitic acid (16∶0), which was the main fatty acid, varied from 9 to 27 %. The total trans fatty acid content of the 12 creams ranged from 0.9 to 12.3 %. Only two of the creams contained less than 1% of trans fatty acids; 18∶1t was the trans fatty acid found in the greatest amounts, whereas 16∶1t and 14∶1t were only found in trace amounts. Three samples had amounts of 18∶2tt, 18∶2ct, and 18∶2tc between 0.7 and 1.06%; only small amounts of linoleate isomers were detected in the other creams. Our results show that trans fatty acids are present in every brand of chocolate cream tested. Since the potential risk of arteriosclerosis and cancer resulting from the consumption of trans fatty acids is not yet clear, different ways of production should be used in order to eliminate them from the creams that are a preferred bread spread of infants and children.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Allergic asthma ; Children ; Phospholipids ; Fatty acids ; Glucocorticoids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Fatty acid (FA) composition of plasma phospholipids and phospholipids extracted from peripheral mononuclear white blood cells (MNC) was investigated in 11 allergic asthmatic children (age 8.9±4.6 years), in 10 age-matched non-allergic healthy controls and in 14 allergic and non-allergic children with an acute attack of asthma, who had received prednisolone medication for 2–4 days. In allergic asthmatics eicosapentaenoic acid (20∶5n−3) was significantly elevated in both plasma and MNC. The relative amount of 20∶5n−3 in MNC as well as in plasma correlated positively with increasing levels of total serum IgE (P〈0.02). The pattern of the other FAs in plasma and of MNC phospholipids did not differ between allergic asthmatic and non-allergic control children. In children with an acute attack of asthma, who had been treated with glucocorticoids (2 mg prednisolone/kg body weight for 2–4 days), distinct changes of relative FA composition of phospholipids were restricted to plasma, where some very long chain FA (22∶4n−6, 22∶5n−6) were elevated. No significant changes in FA from MNC phospholipids could be observed after glucocorticoid treatment. These findings may indicate a possible role of 20∶5n−3, the precursor of “group 3” eicosanoids, in allergic asthmatic children.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of inherited metabolic disease 16 (1993), S. 912-913 
    ISSN: 1573-2665
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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